Com Arts 250 multiple choice
Match which is the avowed and which is the ascribed identity: 1) A woman identifies as a queer and creates a profile on a dating app to meet women 2) A doctor looks young, and her patients always assume she is a nurse
Avowed, ascribed
Match the quote from Stuart Hall to the kind of identity formation it describes: 1) The subject assumes different identities at different times, identities which are not unified around a coherent 'self' 2) A fully centered, unified individual...whose 'center' consisted of an inner core which first emerged when the subject was born 3) The subject was formed in relation to 'significant others', who mediated to the subject the values, meanings and symbol
Postmodern subject, The Enlightenment Subject, Sociological Subject
According to Adorno and Horkheimer, how are car companies like movie companies? a) Both try to make money in the same way, through repetition with variation b) They both have a wide range of products that are both functional and productive.
a
Allusion is a kind of paratext because: a) The author makes intentional reference in their text to another text b) The author attempts to do something original and new in their own text
a
An example of something that demonstrates the "long tail" is: a) the large number of sales of less popular books on Amazon b) the availability of Harry Potter films on Netflix c) iTunes' pricing system d) a show that lasts a full hour
a
Can the stereotype "Black men are natural athletes" be harmful? a) Yes, because it still puts them in a box and makes it seem like they are only valued for their bodies b) No, because that stereotype is positive and helps them get ahead c) Maybe, but we would have to know if each person is truly athletic or not
a
Criticisms of the Hypodermic Needle Theory included the idea that: a) Audiences are complicated and respond to media in multiple ways b) Audiences are passive and respond the same to all media c) Audiences receive media in a linear fashion, from the sender to the receiver
a
Dismemberment in images of women is problematic because: a) It reduces them to just one body part, rather than allowing them to be whole persons b) It is violent and reminds us that women have a violent side just like men
a
Explain the difference between the cult value and exhibition value of viewing works of art. a) Cult value is when you encounter the piece of art in a museum; exhibition value loses that aura. b) Cult value is when you encounter a reproduction of a work of art; exhibition is when the work feels authentic.
a
Gossip Girl makes use of transmedia technologies to: a) Invite viewer participation and allow fans to become digital authors b) Create totally extraneous narrative that only repeats content from the show itself c) Establish the fear of the digital because it is such a threat to the power of TV producers
a
In her chapter on Representation, Lisa Henderson says "emotional realism" is important because: a) Beyond mere resemblance, it can also help viewers to close the emotional distance between a media representation and themselves b) It requires that minority producers create images that look like themselves AND feel like themselves
a
Lev Manovich's principle of Modularity can be seen in: a) A powerpoint presentation, because each object maintains its independence b) A robot, because it works automatically c) A lego set, because the pieces are easy to lose d) A clock, because time moves forward in discrete increments
a
Literacy is related to new media literacy in the sense that: a) In order to make sense of digital environments, it helps to already understand print and the written word b) New media literacy erases the need for literacy in reading and writing c) They have no connection to one another, because new media environments are so unique
a
Matthew P. McAllister thinks it's important to study television commercials because: a) they cultivate effects beyond their immediate purpose that may have profound implications b) they are importantly linked to government messages about how to be a good citizen
a
One ideological function of reality televison "judge shows" can be described as: a) Citizenship training by judges whose identities reflect that people of color and other minorities can overcome all adversity b) Criticizing the ideology that people of color are more likely to commit crime and other deviant behaviors c) Reminding viewers that systematic oppression can turn into internalized oppression, which leads to moral downfall
a
Our network society is similar to a subway in the following ways: a) Information flows from one node to another, like passengers moving from one stop to another b) Information is difficult to protect, like people walking in front of a moving car c) Information is free and open to everyone with no restrictions, like passengers riding for free d) Information is no longer important, like the defunct subway system
a
Parody is a kind of intertextuality because: a) The joke depends on the viewer creating meaning from one text being in conversation with another text b) The joke can only be successful if it makes a social commentary
a
Product placement and hypercommercialized texts are similar because they both: a) Blur the line between commercial messages and the mediated content audiences enjoy b) Use digital innovations to trick consumers into selling products within their social networks c) Make it very clear that they are selling something unrelated to the narrative content d) Refuse to participate in the capitalist idea that audiences should always pay for things
a
Ron Becker defines the niche market demographic "slumpy," which stands for: a) socially liberal, urban minded professionals b) sophisticated loner, underage minor psychographic c) suburban living, urbane middle-aged professionals d) serious leader, ultraconservative moral public
a
Spreadability is a more accurate term than "going viral" because the term "going viral" implies that: a) Online content is a dangerous disease that spreads without reason or thought b) The spreading of online content happens as a result of the intentional intervention of human agents c) We should not try to contain the way that online content disperses, when it actually is very important to contain it
a
The FCC was originally responsible for: a) monitoring and limiting the ownership of radio and television stations b) monitoring and limiting the amount of profanity in the movies c) regulating the commercial influence on public radio and television d) regulating the mechanical reproduction of art
a
The Panopticon is a kind of prison design where: a) The prisoners feel like they're being watched all the time, but they don't know for certain b) The prisoners police one another through interacting in communal spaces c) The prisoners are able to feel like they have some control and autonomy
a
The Sign consists of: a) The Signifier and Signified b) The Sign and the Semiology c) The Significant and the Signology
a
The concept of "least objectionable programming" refers to: a) Creating shows that people won't be annoyed enough to change the channel b) Creating shows that are funny, smart, and educational c) Creating shows with just enough sass and verve to catch audience attentions
a
The ethnographic tradition is premised on researchers collecting data through: a) Spending time with people in their natural surroundings b) An uneven power dynamic where researchers compensate subjects unequally c) Experimental settings that allow for rigorous validity testing d) Using a protocol that includes a set of questions asked to all participants
a
The shift from Fordism --> Post-Fordism can be described as: a) Efficiency and standardization --> flexibility and customization b) Variation in color --> variation in style c) Factories opening in rural towns --> Factories taking over globally
a
Web content can be called "sticky" when it: a) Aggregates people to certain content and makes them want to linger and spend time with it b) Has a message attached to it, and that message is meaningful enough that people want to share it with friends c) Never changes, so people who return to it are reassured by finding the same content over and over
a
When analyzing video games as interactive texts, the aspect of scroll and explanation can be important because: a) How you are allowed to move through the world is one set of restrictions and rules that shapes the degrees of control a player exerts. b) It is helpful to know what point of view your character embodies and how it interacts with other characters. c) Branching narratives show us that video games ultimately serve to "dumb down" reality for its players.
a
When television executives must please advertisers, we are likely to see: a) more images of affluencers, less images of farm villages b) more images of diversity, less images of majority populations c) more images of the elderly, less images of young people d) more images of high-calorie food, less images of health products
a
When we say that media companies have a "profit motive," it means that: a) Their goal is to make a commercial product that they can sell for money b) Their goal is to motivate young creatives to profit from their mentorship and leadership c) They have a variety of motives, and financial profit is one of the least important d) They are motivated by striving for excellence and superior quality
a
Whereas Fordism is about mass-producing the same product, Post-Fordism is about: a) specializing production by addressing niche audiences or consumers b) increasing sales to the most affluent classes c) shifting from importing cars to exporting cars
a
Which of the following does NOT illustrate the concept of fandom as pathology: a) Fans of theater who give standing ovations at performances of Hamilton b) Obsessed loners who undergo plastic surgery in order to look more like their favorite star c) Crowds of young girls who faint with hysteria at the sight of their idol
a
Which of the following is an impact that literacy had on our society as a whole: a) People were able to communicate with one another without being face-to-face in the same location. b) We started to question the truth value of drawings and paintings that were rendered by professional artists. c) It affirmed the significance of oral communication, which has been used to pass down stories from one generation to another.
a
Which of the following is an example of upholding technological determinism: (select all that apply) a) The impulse behind the One Laptop One Child program, where it's assumed laptops will cure poverty b) 2001: A Space Odyssey, where the monkey learns that a bone is a tool and gains power c) the development of the electric car, which was stunted by lawmakers and oil companies d) Our classification of eras by their technology, like the Stone Age or the Steam Age
a, b, d
What elements fall under mis-en-scene (select all that apply) a) Costume b) Criticism c) Lighting d) Audience e) Composition
a, c, e
A production series perspective might look at: a) The media workers who actually participate in creating media texts b) The ideological meanings that readers interpret from media productions
b
An example of someone benefiting from the "monopolies of knowledge" would be: a) A churchgoer reading the Gutenberg bible during the Protestant Revolution, because Martin Luther made it available to her. b) A doctor who speaks in medical jargon, which conveys his professional expertise to his patients and reminds them he is elite. c) A kindergarten teacher who speaks very slowly and carefully so that the children are sure to understand. d) A board game player who owns both Park Place and Boardwalk, which means he is able to charge more for both.
b
Cultural proximity serves to counter assumptions about globalization causing homogenization because: a) It is productive for people to see media that reflects cosmopolitan ethics of sampling from outside cultures b) They remind us that viewers appreciate media that features local culture, knowledge, and themes c) If viewers all over the world could see a slower-paced, more thoughtful form of media content they might like it too
b
Fans of "low culture" can be said to challenge hierarchies of cultural value because: a) They spend a lot of money on their fan objects, and sometimes sell objects to their friends b) They take pride in loving objects that are not traditionally valued, or that don't cost a lot of money to engage with c) They remind us that even opera and art museums can be mocked and challenged for their assumed value
b
Hipsters are a good example of semiotic warfare because: a) They fight amongst themselves about whether or not handlebar mustaches are still cool. b) They rework the meaning of a handlebar mustache to give it new meaning in its contemporary context c) Their handlebar mustaches are really ugly and make no sense
b
How is Orientalism really about "the Occident"? a) Orientalism and Occidentalism end up equal to one another and cancel each other out b) It positions The West as dominant and superior to those in The East c) It isn't -- Orientalism is just about making the Orient seem exotic and lovely
b
Jason Mittell argues that genres are: a) A self-evident category that helps us to point to the defining elements of a text b) A product of cultural practices and contested cluster of assumptions c) A format that is rigidly defined and unchanging over time
b
Matthew Arnold's view of Culture as "the best that had been thought and said" a) helps us to challenge "the canon" of excellent texts and artistic works b) is one of the reasons we always read Shakespeare, and serves to exclude many works from being seen as valuable
b
Mobile privatization is: a) The feeling of terror that you are all alone when you lose your phone. b) An increase in the ability to feel at home even while traveling, thanks to the use of your mobile device. c) The need that individuals have for privacy when they use their laptop or mobile phone. d) The loss of privacy when mobile apps require too much personal information.
b
One reasons Jurgen Habermas' idealized vision of a "public sphere" has been critiqued is that: a) In order to have a functioning public sphere, the government would need to step in and police those conversations b) Realistically, women and other less privileged members of society don't necessarily have access to the public sphere c) It is open to everyone, and gives everyone an equal chance to debate important topics d) The public sphere wouldn't work globally because people are speaking different languages
b
The Cabin in the Woods can be said to reflect hegemonic notions of the Male Gaze because: a) The virgin is required to die, but she is actually able to resist this convention b) The women are required to perform for male characters within the film, as well as for assumed male viewers c) The meta-level commentary allows viewers to watch what is happening through the lens of the control room
b
The Echo Chamber is: a) when everyone has access to both television and broadband b) dangerous because it can lead to more extreme views instead of tolerance toward difference c) an example of generational chauvinism because your generation is the best d) upheld through appointment tv, where you have to be present to participate
b
The burden of representation means that: a) Minorities are free from the burden of needing to live up to representations, because they are so often misrepresented b) How minorities are represented in media matters a lot, because they are so rarely represented at all c) It's the responsibility of minority groups to alleviate their own cultural baggage and burdens
b
The documentary Miss Representation includes discussion of how: a) Women show their strengths in the kitchen and at motherhood through cooking shows b) Female politicians are portrayed as overly emotional and there is too much focus on their bodies c) Advertising has been on the forefront of showing women in diverse, powerful roles
b
The idea that fans poach texts as "an impertinent raid on the literary preserve" shows that: a) Fans go too far in their obsession with a text, and could possibly be considered diseased b) Fans are active in searching for the meanings that mean the most to them c) Fans take pleasure in following the pathway set out by the author of their favorite text
b
The phrase "counter-hegemony can be absorbed" means that: a) It's possible to produce social change through enough resistance and activism b) The status quo is always shifting in order to maintain its dominance
b
The phrase "technological determinism" refers to: a) The idea that as we develop new forms of technology, we grow into a more violent and destructive society. b) An understanding that technological developments are the primary driver of social change in our world. c) A challenge to the notion that technology usage makes people more determined, or stuck in their ways. d) The belief that technology use is determined by factors such as educational attainment and media literacy.
b
The practice of "slash" embodies participatory culture because the queer texts that can emerge are: a) Created by someone who is marginalized and uses this practice to affirm his or her identity b) Shared by a community of fans who actually care about what is created and the people who created them c) Sometimes actually authorized by the text's author, who also saw the characters as queer but didn't want to say it outright
b
Tim O'Reilly's term "Web 2.0" can be seen as a specific business model in the sense that: a) The infrastructure of online designs today supports participation without needing constant updates b) When users spend time in free online environments producing content, it is their identities and habits that can be sold for a profit c) Users have to pay to participate in the kinds of websites that actually hold their attention and are meaningful
b
Transmedia storytelling relies on convergence culture because: a) It tells one unified story and can be done all on one platform, which is what audiences prefer b) It moves stories from one medium to another because audiences are used to accessing content this way
b
We might say media convergence is top down and bottom up because: a) Powerful filmmakers are only interested in making films, and then users have to go to them for film stories b) It's the idea that producers create media across different platforms and sources, and users seek out the kinds of entertainment that works for them
b
When US programs like Baywatch and Star Trek are popular all over the world, it demonstrates: a) The flow of media from the less powerful countries to more powerful countries b) The power of the center over the periphery c) Localism and regionalism as necessary incentives for media production d) Contra-flows to disrupt globalization narrative
b
When people "satisfice" during internet searches, this refers to the fact that they: a) Are lazy, lethargic, and will never get what they really need b) Have limited processing capabilities and are inclined to settle after a short amount of time c) Try to satisfy the greatest number of stakeholders in order to maximize benefits d) Generally work very hard to make sure they are satisfied
b
Which of the following is NOT a way that media companies make money: a) Licensing their films to theaters for screenings b) Journalists reviewing media products in professional outlets c) Audiences paying for movie tickets d) Corporations paying media companies to run their ads
b
Which of the following is NOT an impact that print and mass communication had on society: a) We saw the rise of journalism, where people could communicate the news to a broad audience. b) Reading and writing became restricted to only the well-educated and started to die out. c) Knowledge became something that you could put into a book and then sell--a commodity. d) Everyday people could have access to reading and writing their own books.
b
Match the genre to its characteristics 1) Noir 2) Horror 3) Soap Operas a) Shaky handheld camera mirrors the perspective of the fearful character b) Shot in domestic spaces that confine the characters to engage with other characters c) Detective stories that use darkness to invoke mystery and suspense
b, a, c
Put these media technology developments in the right order: a) Literacy b) Oral Storytelling c) The Internet d) Photography e) Television f) The Printing Press (Type a-b in order from oldest to newest)
b, a, f, d, e, c
Which of the following served to regulate the film industry? (Select all that apply) a) There was no regulation, because we value freedom of the press b) The Hays Code, which was more like self-regulation from within the film industry itself c) State censorship boards that would decide if a film could be shown in that state
b, c
Which of the following shows the way that the ideology of capitalism is upheld structurally: (Select all that apply) a) Individual people who challenge capitalist assumptions through anti-consumer beliefs b) Laws that assume capitalism is natural and normal c) Textbooks in our school systems that reinforce the idea that capitalism is superior
b, c
Identify the "three looks" as theorized by Laura Mulvey (select 3) a) Women look beautiful on television b) Within the diegesis, the actors look at each other c) The camera looks at the actors d) The audiences who are looking at the screen e) Animals look at human actors
b, c, d
Some examples of a paratext for a movie include: (check all that apply) a) The whole movie itself b) Interviews with actors and directors c) The trailer d) Movie posters
b, c, d
Which of the following are described by McAllister as being the 7 effects of TV advertising: (Select all that apply) a) The "having a cow" effect b) The "don't bite the hand" effect c) The Plugola effect d) The "stupid consumer" effect e) The "don't rock the boat" effect
b, c, e, f
Match the new media literacy skill to its explanation 1) Appropriation 2) Multitasking 3)Distributed Cognition 4) Judgement a) The ability to interact meaningfully with tools that expand mental capacities b) The ability to meaningfully sample and remix media content c) The ability to evaluate the reliability and credibility of different information sources d) The ability to scan one's environment and shift focus as needed to salient details
b, d, a, c
Which of the following are part of Lev Manovich's 5 Principles of New Media: a) Physicality b) Variability c) Analog representation d) Automation e) Transcoding f) Numerical Representation (list which 4 in order so start w b)
b, d, e, f
A good example of the way that McLuhan would say the "medium is the message might be: a) When someone calls you on the telephone, the most important thing is to listen to the message that they are conveying, not to get distracted by other media. b) The prevalence of messages about sugar cereals that are marketed to children are dangerous, because children can't tell the difference between cartoons and commercials. c)The medium of the television competes with the medium of film, and we can only decide which is more meaningful through comparing programming choices and aesthetics. d) When we developed the ability to record televison onto VCRs, the real message was a shift in society away from organizing our time around live viewing practices.
c
A screenwriter is traditionally considered above-the-line because: a) They have a history of crossing picket lines in order to continue working on film sets b) They participate in creating lines of dialogue, both in lines on the page and in the actor's mind c) Their work costs more money and is seen as a creative profession, rather than a technical trade
c
An example that neglects intersectional thinking and analysis would be: a) The LGBT movement working toward including trans people in their activism b) Black women recognizing their battles against both racism and sexism c) The feminist icon Rosie the Riveter depicted as a white woman
c
Articulation is represented by a Tinkertoy or articulated doll in that they: a) Naturally fit together, as if they were created in order to go together b) Are simple constructions that easily become rigid and unmoveable c) Can be assembled at the joints, but also can be pulled apart
c
Cultural imperialism can happen through media when: a) Media flows from one country to another and is adapted to fit their own culture b) The media produced by indigenous creators is able to influence Western media across the globe c) The media of a more powerful country spreads its culture to less powerful countries
c
Hype for a movie, which tells us why we should get excited about its release, combines the power of: a) Hypermediation and interactivity b) Convergence and allusion c) Paratexts and synergy d) Spinoffs and intertextuality
c
Multi-directional flows can be illustrated through: a) Any diasporic nation that positions itself as the central hub from which culture originates b) McDonalds, because it leads to a global village marked by standardization c) Bollywood films, because they participate in worldwide distribution to and from various countries
c
One of the historical ways that the concept of the public originated was in opposition to: a) Print publications where citizens could express their pronouncements to an audience b) The idea that men could create connections to others via a social formation outside the family c) The idea that men could create connections to others via a social formation outside the family
c
Public radio and public access television are within the category of alternative media because: a) They target ethnic minorities in their own language in order to sell products b) They are required to alternate between different controversial perspectives, in a fair manner c) They are both non-commercial and offer community members the chance to participate in media production
c
Strategic essentialism reminds us that: a) We can easily get rid of flawed categories like "woman" and "disabled" b) There is something innate in all of us that connects us to each other c) Sometimes we have to form temporary alliances with others who are actually different from us
c
The FCC was originally responsible for: a) regulating the commercial influence on public radio and television b) regulating the mechanical reproduction of art c) monitoring and limiting the ownership of radio and television stations d) monitoring and limiting the amount of profanity in the movies
c
Two qualities of stereotypes that make them dangerous are: a) They evenly impact everyone, which gives marginalized groups the chance to weaponize them b) We make them up about ourselves, and then we fail to notice them c) We actually believe them, and they harm marginalized groups more than powerful group
c
Uses and gratifications research aligns with active audience research in that they both: a) Can be measured using experimental design and behavioral codes b) Help us to understand the way that individuals respond with aggression to violent images c) Believe people actively seek out media to meet individual needs
c
When McLuhan discusses the way that media are "extensions of man," this refers to the fact that: a) Media extend the reach of men as a way of curtailing the freedoms of women, which is unfortunate and undesirable. b) Media extend connections between men so that they can develop partnerships and build a more unified political system together. c) Media extend the physical, social, and intellectual functions of our human bodies, allowing us to touch and see and think things in an extended way. d) Media extend the length and quality of our lives, allowing us to live richer and fuller existences while we are on this planet.
c
Which of the following is NOT a way that photography had a profound impact on society: a) Its visuality challenged the authority of written or spoken accounts, which had previously been seen as very trustworthy. b) It was used to convey narratives about things like war or natural disasters to people who couldn't see them with their own eyes. c) It increased a belief in the spiritual and the religious because photography was perceived as sinful and pictures were not to be believed. d) It conveyed multiple meanings within a single frame, creating a historical document that was far richer than writing could capture.
c
Which of the following is NOT an impact that literacy has had on society: a) Books allow for built-upon knowledge that is no longer dependent on an individual person knowing something. b) The phonetic alphabet moved communication from pictographic representations to a more efficient system that could represent the unrepresentable. c) As literacy developed, facts became more ephemeral, unreliable, and difficult to track down. d) Books distance the speaker from the listener, allowing for physical distance between them.
c
Which of the following is an impact that literacy had on our society as a whole: a) It affirmed the significance of oral communication, which has been used to pass down stories from one generation to another. b) We started to question the truth value of drawings and paintings that were rendered by professional artists. c) People were able to communicate with one another without being face-to-face in the same location.
c
Put the evolutionary stages of minorities in the media into the correct order: a) Regulation b) Ridicule c) Non-Recognitition d) Respect
c, b, a, d
Which parts of the internet are available using search engines? a) The Deep Web b) Wikileaks c) Amazon d) Wikipedia
c, d
When magazines avoided printing stories about the dangerous effects of tobacco, it was an example of: a) globalization b) the anti-health bias c) sexism d) self-censorship
d
Whereas Fordism is about mass-producing the same product, Post-Fordism is about: a) making everyone think they want the one product b) increasing sales to the most affluent classes c) shifting from importing cars to exporting cars d) specializing production by addressing niche audiences or consumers
d
Zuckerman's example of the Galvao bird prank illustrated: a) There is a colorful species of bird that is going extinct in Brazil and the internet can save them b) Brazilians only use the internet to circulate meaningless pranks, not serious political content c) Brazilians are obsessed with NFL linebacker Dhani Jones and his global TV show d) There are more Brazilians on Twitter than Americans realize, because Americans don't always think globally
d
Match the audience rating system with its potential flaws: 1) Nielsen People meters 2) Nielsen Diaries 3) Arbitron Diares 4) Arbitron Portable People Meters a) People might forget what they watched on TV b) Listeners have to wear it on their body c) People could be embarrassed to report they never listen to news radio d) The TV could be on with no one watching it
d, a, c, b
If a gay man starts to feel like he should act more effeminate and take an interest in fashion, this represents which part of the Cycle of Oppression? a) Discrimination b) Prejudice c) Stereotypes d) Oppression e) Internalized Oppression
e
An example of a repressive state apparatus is (Blank) and an ideological state apparatus is (blank)
prisons and the military, schools and churches
Separate the strengths and weaknesses of the "Call for Positive Images" 1) We should provide role models for Black children in media representations 2) We should recognize that villains can be just as interesting and lovable as heroes 3) We should be concerned when media images affirm that criminals are always people of color 4) We should be concerned about merely "flipping the script" and making all heroes Asian
strength, weakness, weaknesses, weaknesses
Put the cycle of oppression into the right order, starting with stereotypes: (write in words)
Stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination, oppression, internalized oppression
A representation of a Native American deputy who participates in policing his own people is an example of: a) Regulation b) Ridicule c) Respect d) Non-Recognition
a
The influence of advertisers on media content can clearly be seen in which of the following: (select all that apply) a) A fear of criticizing tobacco and lack of reporting on the dangerous effects of tobacco use b) Television shows telling us that "the good life" is one filled with consumer products that you can purchase c) Programming featuring rural America, trees, and working class life d) The promotion of high-end products, such as luxury fashion and hair products
a, b, d
"The ether" where radio channels live is believed to be part of "The Commons" because: a) Radio is such a common format that we just listen without actually critically engaging with its messages b) It's a shared aspect of society that should be open to everyone, and protected
b
Which of the following is a reason to horizontally integrate? a) to streamline by owning all parts of the production process b) to produce more successful programming through defamiliarization c) to reduce risk by buying up your competition d) because it is more effective than relying on cultural workers
c