Combo with "Chapter 6" and 1 other

Which of the following would be considered to be an example of playing devil's advocate as part of a cooperative conflict management strategy?

"Career advancement is going to require an advanced degree; what if you want to go back to school later but can't because you have a family to support?"

_________ strategies for uncertainty reduction involve third-party questioning.

Active

action-oriented

Brad is thought of as a valuable number of his presentation group. During their meeting, he is usually the one who keeps the group focused on the task they are trying to accomplish rather than becoming sidetracked by gossip or irrelevant details

_______ is the study of how people perceive the use of time and how they structure time in their relationships.

Chronemics

___________ refers to the way that we engage in conflict and address disagreements with our relational partners.

Conflict

Content-Oriented Listeners

Critical listeners who carefully evaluate what they hear; they prefer to listen to information from sources they feel are credible and critically examine the information they receive from a variety of angles.

_____________ refers to using abstract words that have unclear or misleading definitions to get out of an uncomfortable situationA) symbolic

Equivocation

High language frequently involves slang or jargon and is used in informal environments.

F

Jargon is an informal form of language that is known to most people in a particular culture at a particular time.

F

Qualifiers, hedges, and disclaimers cause women to appear more powerful

F

All conflict should have a resolution.

False

All relationships involve love.

False

Artifacts give little information about who we are as individuals

False

Gender and culture rarely influence chosen conflict management strategies

False

Hyperpersonal communication involves less self-disclosure than personal communication.

False

In the exploratory stage, individuals begin disclosing meaningful, private information and sharing intimate experiences.

False

Ludus is described as selfless and compassionate love.

False

Making direct eye contact with another person is considered to be a sign of interest and respect throughout the world.

False

Nonverbal behaviors rarely contradict verbal messages.

False

Nonverbal communication does not rely on contextual or situational cues as much as verbal communication does.

False

Playing devil's advocate is a challenging conflict management behavior

False

Posting hostile online messages to a more general group is referred to as cyberstalking.

False

Research by John Gottman found that women tend to stonewall their partner more than men do.

False

Social exchange theory focuses on levels of disclosure in relationship formation.

False

Strategic topic avoidance is always a poor form of communication

False

____________ refers to more formal, polite, or mainstream language.

High language

hedges

I feel it should look like this

_____________ are nonverbal codes that help us manage our interactions in the back-and-forth flow of communication.

Regulators

_______ are our various language possibilities, and we draw on them to find the most effective and appropriate language for a given relationship, situation, or cultural environment.

Speech repertoires

By code switching, we actually hurt our chances of accommodating to another person

T

Communication acquisition involves learning to use language in various ways

T

In communicating via e-mail, text messages, tweets, and wall postings, nonverbal cues are removed, so language must be clear to be appropriate and effective.

T

Language differences between men and women are often exaggerated.

T

Language is bound by the relationship in which it occurs

T

The cognitive language you use about someone affects your experiences with him or her.

T

While lower-level abstractions ensure clarity, we sometimes use high-level abstractions to accomplish specific communication goals

T

honesty

being open and truthful with each other

Boundary turbulence occurs when privacy boundaries are breached.

True

Conflict can exist in a relationship without either person acknowledging it

True

Conflict can have positive outcomes

True

Gossip is considered a form of verbal aggression

True

Illustrators reinforce verbal messages to help explain what is being said

True

Incompetence can be categorized as a form of provocation leading to conflict.

True

Nonverbal communication creates a sense of immediacy.

True

Nonverbal communication is often spontaneous and unintentional.

True

Physical attraction plays an important role in relationship formation.

True

Power dynamics affect relationships in which there is an imbalance of power between partners.

True

Relationships that form on the internet generally take longer to achieve intimacy than relationships that form face to face.

True

Technology makes the communication of nonverbal codes more challenging.

True

The informal-formal dimension refers to our perceptions of personal and impersonal situations.

True

Third-party mediation can aid in relationship repair.

True

When your little sister brings home the MVP trophy from her softball tournament, you say "good job" while simultaneously giving her a "thumbs up" sign. We would say that your nonverbal behavior was repeating your verbal message.

True

pseudolistening

You find yourself in a bind. You went to your sociology class to turn in your paper, but you still need to do a final review for the Spanish test in your next class. Ultimately, you end up making eye contact and nodding your head while your sociology professor lectures, but instead of listening you're reviewing Spanish vocab words in your head. This type of listening behavior is...

cultural myopia

a belief that your own culture is relevant to all cultures and that everyone should follow it.

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

a claim that the words a culture uses influence thinking

friendship

a close and caring relationship shared between two people that is percieverd as mutally satisfying and beneficial

uncertainty avoidance

a culture's tendency to be anxious about the unknown; ex. High uncertainty avoidance follow social roles and be submissive

ethnocentrism

belief in the superiority of your own culture and a tendency to view other cultures through the lenses of your own

love

a deep affection for and the attachemt to another person involving emotional ties, with varying degress of passion, commitment, and intimacy

prejudice

a deep-seated feeling of unkindness and ill will towards particular groups

Listening Barriers

a factor that interferes with the ability to accurately comprehend information and respond appropriately.

nonverbal communication

a form of communication that is spontaneous, ambiguous, and more believable compared to verbal communication

culture

a learned system of thought and behavior that belongs to and typifies a relatively large group of people

paraphrasing

a part of listening empathetically that involves guessing at feelings and rephrasing what one thinks the speaker has said.

uncertainty reduction theory

a relationship priority is to decrease the uncertainty between partners

true

a room that is too hot or too cold may present environmental challenges that make it difficult for a person to listen well

code

a set of symbols that are joined to create a meaningful message

Listening Apprehensions

a state of uneasiness, anxiety, fear, or dread associated with a listening opportunity; also know as receiver apprehension

countercoalition

a sub-group position against another sub-group may leave unaffiliated members in an awkward position

situational context

a variable that has to do with the situation at hand (where you are, events taking place, etc.)

self-efficacy

ability to predict actual success based on your self-concept and self-esteem

Lee recently moved to the United States to attend school and has become close friends with many of the international students living on his floor. Recently, though, he's been trying to spend more time with native English speakers. He is probably seeking out these friends to accomplish which relationship function?

achieving goals

Social-polite touch is best described as _________.

acknowledgment of the other person

true

active listeners are considered by others to be more competent communicators overall

Nonverbal behaviors that convey feelings, moods, and reactions are referred to as__________.

affect displays

social loafing

giving less effort

insensitive listening

after a long and disappointing day at work, Jackie vents her frustration to her husband. "I can't believe I worked so hard for so long on this proposal and I'm not even going to get the chance to present it. I'll get no credit at all." Instead of hearing the frustration and hurt in her voice, Jackie's husband only hears the problem- instead of offering support, he offers her advice. "Next time you ought to get it in writing in advance that you'll get to make the pitch." Her husband's listening behavior is...

all-channel network

all members are equidistant and all interact with each other

self-concept

an awareness and an understanding of who we are based on our thoughts, actions, abilities, values, goals, and ideals; developed by social interaction

role conflict

arises when expectation for behavior are incompatible

active strategies

asking information about the target from a third party

tag questions

asking people for approval on your thoughts

interactive strategies

asking them out

Multitasking

attending to several things at once.

internal attribution

attribute an action to the person's personality (ex. Caleb is a jerk)

external attribution

attributing an action to the person's situation (ex. Caleb has a stressful job)

self-serving bias

attributing our own successes to internal reasons and our failures to external reasons

evasion

avoiding providing specific details (ex. Not telling the whole truth)

costs

bad things about a relationship

stimuli qualification

based on intensity, size, movement, relevance, and our attitude

social comparison theory

basing ourselves on other people

eros

beauty

false

because most young people today have grown up surrounded by environmental distractions, they are able to multitask without a decline in their listening competence.

discrimination

behavior towards a person or group based solely on their membership in a particular group

Active Listening

being an active participant in making choices about selecting, attending, and the other steps in the listening process

trust

being honest and maintaining confidentiality

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of language that can lead to miscommunication?

biased language

competent communicator

can communicate effectively and can adapt to the situation at hand

unintentional communicatoin

can occur from bodily reactions like blushing, and leg jerking

self-fulfilling prophecy

changing your actions based on inaccurate self-efficacy

When Christina brings home a low math grade on her report card, she is greeted at the door with a disapproving look from her mother. At the dinner table, both of her parents are silent as they eat, and neither responds to her comments about her day until she finally says, "I'm sorry I didn't do well in math this term!" Her father replies, "Why aren't you earning better grades?" Based on this information, what type of culture(s) would we infer that Christina lives within?

collectivist and high context

intercultural communication

communication between people of different culture who have different worldviews

You feel uncomfortable talking to your friend David about how frustrated you are that you've been forced to work a lot lately because David has been unemployed for that last six months. We would refer to your conflict avoidance behavior as:

communication boundary management

relational context

communication that changes based on the relationship between the sender and the receiver

symbolic

communication that is linked to language (code), culture, and pictures

empathy

communication the ability to feel what each other is feeling and experiencing

Time-Oriented Listeners

communicators who are most concerned with efficiency; they prefer information that is clear and to the point.

Action-Oriented Listeners

communicators who are usually focused on tasks: they tend to keep the discourse on track and are often valuable in meeting.

People-Oriented Listeners

communicators who listen with relationships in mind; they tend be most concerned with others' feelings.

agape

compassion and selfishness (one sided love, unconditional love)

true

content-oriented listeners prefer to listen to information from sources they perceive to be credible, and enjoy examining the information they receive from a variety of angles

content-oriented listeners

critical listeners who carefully evaluate what they hear

cultural context

culture is an omnipresent force that encompasses all models

understatement

cultures that discourage emotional outburst

hyperbole

cultures that encourage emotional release

true

decoding messages over the telephone often requires more effort than would be required in a face-to-face interaction because we lack nonverbal cues such as facial expression, body movement, and eye behavior

pragma

deed,task, work (practical reasons for love)

An atmosphere of mistrust, suspicion, and apprehension characterize which kind of communication climate?

defensive

The consistently held (dictionary) definition of a word is referred to as its __________ definition.

denotative

In contact cultures, members:

depend on touch as an important form of communication.

polychronic cultures

do not like appointments and are patient

false

during a heart-to-heart conversation with a close friend, we could most likely be engaged in appreciative listening

informational listening

during class, your goal as a listener is to comprehend the basic ideas, concepts, and theories communicated to you by your professors

mania

elation and depression (it's a spark that only happened because of an event)

During a church service, you silently hold one finger up to your mouth to communicate nonverbally to your little brother that he must be quiet. What category of body movement are you using to communicate your message?

emblem

rewards

good things about a relationship

After Marissa became frustrated with an insensitive comment Kevin made toward her, she excused herself and worked independently for the rest of the day. After work, she asked to switch shifts for the next few days so that she could have a bit of distance from him. What conflict management strategy did Marissa use?

escapist strategies

Jane says her cousin is big boned instead of saying she's overweight, obese, or fat because she understands that those other terms might have insulting connotations. What type of language abstraction is Jane using?

euphemism

Critical Listening

evaluating or analyzing information, evidence, ideas, or opinions; also known as evaluative listening.

social roles

evolve based on personality traits and members interests and include a harmonizer, gate keeper and sensor

ludus

excitement and entertainment (more sex than beauty)

social exchange theory

explains how we balance the advantages and disadvantages in a relationship

functions of communication

expressing communication, achieving goals, influence others

Passive Listening

failing to make active choices in the listening process.

self-actualization

feelings and thoughts you get when you have negotiated a communication situation well; increases self-esteem with each victory

self-adequacy

feelings and thoughts you get when you perform negotiation well or adequately, increases self-improvement or satisfaction with each victory

self-denigration

feelings and thoughts you get when you place undue importance on your weaknesses and shortcomings; leads to no self-improvement

caring

feelings of concern for the hapiness and well-being of each other

The posting of online messages that are deliberately hostile or insulting is referred to as __________.

flaming

groups develop through 5 specific stages:

forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning

outgroups

groups that we don't belong to

ingroups

groups that we feel we belong to

arbritary symbols

has no divine meaning (ex. skull-bone sign means deadly, radioactive area, etc)

true

hearing and listening are distinctly different activities

regulators

help manage our interactions (raising hand means I want something, holding hand to button means I want to use something)

Which of the following is NOT a dialectical tension mentioned in the textbook?

homophily versus difference

cohesion

how tightly the group members have bonded, helps hold the group together in a face of adversity

self-presentation

how we let others know about ourselves (ex. with a song, through e-mail, face-to-face, etc.)

communication processing

in which we interpret experience and come to unique understandings

chain network

info is passed from one member to the next instead of everybody

euphemisms

inoffensive words or phrases that substitite offensive words

The _________ stage of a relationship is when partners become more intimate and move their communication toward more personal self-disclosure.

intensification

Which of the following is NOT a general characteristic associated with female language use?

interruptions

task roles

involve accomplishment of goals and include information giver, info seeker, elaborator, initiator, and administrator

Group

is a collection of more than two people who have a shared identity

self-directed work team

is a group with responsibility for producing high quality finished work

team

is a task-oriented group

true

it is possible for those who are deaf to listen

Which of the following is the best description of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

language shapes our thought

slang

language that is informal and particular to a group

high abstraction

less specific

The theory that holds that speakers of different languages have different views of the world is ____________.

linguistic relativity

Monopolistic Listening

listening in order to control the communication interaction.

false

listening is an involuntary passive activity

true

listening mistakes results in millions of dollars in losses for U.S. businesses every year.

Selective LIstening

listening that involves zeroing in only on bits of information that interest the listener, disregarding other messages or parts of messages.

Insensitive Listening

listening that occurs when we fail to pay attention to the emotional content of someones message, instead of taking it at face value.

Empathic Listening

listening to people with openness, sensitivity, and caring; attempting to know how another person feels.

Appreciative Listening

listening with the simple goal of talking pleasure int eh sounds that one receives.

Primary groups

long-standing and meaningful groups, such as family groups

abstraction

low abstraction

loyalty

maintaining relationships despite disagreements and framing differences as positive

disclaimers

making a suggest in a way so that you won't be held accountable for it

availability

making time for each other

true

many people experience listening apprehension, a state of anxiety, fear or dread associated with listening, and this can be a barrier to their communication competence

process

measured by the methods the person took to reach their outcome

schemas

mental structures that put together relative bits of information; chunks of info form patterns to make patterns

low abstraction

more specific

emblems

movements that directly translate to a verbal cue (ex. Holding x amount of fingers means you have 3 fathers)

example of a listening barrier

multitasking interferes with listening

groupthink

occurs when members minimize conflict by refusing to critically examine ideas and test solutions

wheel network

one individual is the touchstone for the others

fundamental attribution error

our tendency to overemphasize the internal and underestimate the external causes of behavior in others

Which of the following is NOT identified as a form of provocation?

passivity

networks

patterns of interaction governing who speaks with whom in a group

storge

peacefulness and slowness (Hank Hill)

social penetration theory

people have layers and the best way to have a relationship is to peel the layers (ogres are like onions!)

collectivist cultures

perceive themselves as members of a group, has group honor and status

Standing about 18 inches to 4 feet from another person places you in their _________ zone

personal

masculine culture

places values on achievement, ambition, and competitiveness

feminine culture

places values on relationships and the quality of life

John is frustrated because he feels that after two years of dating, he and his girlfriend have fallen into a rut. Their relationship is comfortable, but he feels like they do the same things day after day. John's frustration most likely involves which dialectical tension?

predictability versus novelty

true

preferences for how listeners should behave and respond vary according to culture

Pseudolistening

pretending to listen when one is actually not paying attention at all.

Which of the following refers to asking questions that encourage specific and precise answers?

probing

Informational Listening

processing and accurately understanding a message; also known as comprehensive listening.

mindlessness

processing information passively

Which of the following is described as the physical space that affects our nonverbal communication?

public-private dimension

anti-group roles

put individual needs above group needs and include blocker, avoider, recognition-seeker and distractor

attributions

reason that people make up to determine why a person acts a certain way

self-esteem

refers to how we feel about ourselves in a particular situation; based on attitudes of your self-concept

illustrators

reinforce verbal messages and help visually explain what is being said (fish was THIS big)

A(n) _____________ is the web of relationships that connect individuals to one another.

relational network

Masking involves

replacing an expression that shows true feeling with an expression that shows appropriate feeling for a given interaction.

true

responding is an important part of the listening process

Defensive listening

responding with aggression and arguing with the speaker without fully listening to the message.

self-disclosure

revealing yourself to others by sharing information about yourself

adaptors

satisfy some physical or psychological need (ex. Rubbing eyes when tired)

affect displays

signify current mood and feelings (ex. Slumping chair, thumbs up, dancing)

competent communication model

simultaneous encoding and decoding occurs between two entities; transaction is ubiquitous but differs with channels

cliques

small sub-groups will emerge making communication more challenging

Which of the following explains how people develop relationships by sharing information that starts out basic and becomes increasingly more private?

social penetration theory

vocalization

sound that comes out of our mouths that is not part of our spoken language (ex. Yawning, crying, sighing)

passive strategies

stalking

undue influence

stereotyping based on appearance

Which of the following love styles involves a friendship kind of love?

storge

oculesics

study of the use of eyes to communicate (not making eye contact is rude or you are lying)

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways nonverbal communication serves to reinforce verbal communication?

substituting

specific function groups include

support, social, problem-solving, study and focus groups

The word cat is an arbitrary ________ that refers to a type of feline animal that people often keep as pets

symbol

jargon

technical language that is specific tomembers of a given proffesion or hobby

stereotyping

the act of fitting individuals into an existing schema without knowing the person

openness vs closedness

the amount of feelings you want to share

autonomy vs. connection

the amount of freedom a person has (you can't go out tonight)

kinesics

the aspects of gestures and body movements that send nonverbal messages

territoriality

the claiming of an area (ex. Cats scratching an area)

Listening Fidelity

the degree to which the thoughts of the listeners and the thoughts and intentions of the message producer match following their communication.

connotative meaning

the emotional or attitudinal response people have to it (ex. Curse words)

The attraction-similarity hypothesis suggests that:

the extent to which we project ourselves onto another person is the direct result of the attraction we feel for that person

outcome

the final product of an interchange

high-context cultures

the meaning and the interpretation of messages is clouded by contextual cues like time

channel

the method through which communication occurs (ex. in person, internet forum, etc.)

hearing

the physiological process of perceiving sound

Hearing

the physiological process of perceiving sound; the process through which sound waves are picked up by the ears and transmitted to the brain.

Listening

the process of recognizing, understand, accurately interpreting, and responding effectively to the messages communicated by others.

transactional process

the process of sending and receiving information, cannot be reversed

culture

the shared beliefs, values, and practices of a group of people

paralanguage

the sound other than our words that comes out of our mouths (ex. pitch, tone, volume)

listening apprehension

the state of uneasiness, anxiety, fear, or dread associated with a listening opportunity

Selectiving

the step in the listening process of choosing one sound over another when faced with competing stimuli.

Attending

the step in the listening process of focusing attention on both the presence and communication of someone else.

Responding

the step in the listening process of generating some kind of feedback or reaction that confirms to others that one has received and understood their messages.

Understanding

the step in the listening process of interpreting and making sense of messages.

Remembering

the step in the listening process of recalling information.

attending

the step in the listening process where the listener focuses his or her attention on a particular message or sound

proxemics

the study of how closeness relates to communication (personal space)

chronemics

the study of how people perceive the use of time (ex. Being late says you are a lazy bum)

haptics

the study of how touch relates to communication (ex. Handshakes are different from hugs and touching a waist)

power distance

the way a culture accepts and expects the division of power among individuals

time orientation

the way cultures communicate about and with time

linear model

there is a sender and a receiver; noise (visual, audible, etc.) is in between them

interaction model

there is constant feedback between the sender and receiver

artifacts

things that we attach to our body that gives off NV communication (ex. A nice dress, good haircut, sneakers)

intrinsic

tied to emotions

monochronic cultures

treat time as a limited resource

critical listening

type of listening that would be most important for you to employ if you were at the car dealership listening to the salesperson as he attempted to sell you a vehicle

Which of the following is NOT a common cause for the declining stage in a relationship?

uncertainty reduction

qualifiers

undecisive language

low-context cultures

uses direct language to get the message across

Which of the following is NOT identified as a cooperative strategy of conflict management?

using assertiveness to get what you need

communication

using symbols, signs and behaviors to exchange information

equivocation

using words that have unclear of misleading definitions

individualist cultures

value autonomy and privacy

self-monitoring

watching the environment to try to find the best way to present ourselves

relational dialectics theory

we weigh out our feelings about the relationship

selective listening

when Jason and his roommate Adrian get into a minor disagreement over the charges on their cable bill, Jason is so certain that Adrian is trying to weasel out of paying for the on-demand movies he rented that he doesn't even hear Adrian when he asks whether it's possible Jason's cousin ordered the movies when she was visiting a few weeks earlier. Jason's listening behavior is...

predicability vs novelty

wheter somoene wants excitement or practicality

selecting

while talking on the phone with your friend, you are confronted with competing stimuli including the sounds of the television and your brother and sister playing a game in the living room. You choose the sound of your friend's voice over those other sounds. this process is...

denotative meaning

widely accepted definition, found in the dictionary

false

women are better listeners than men are

selective perception

your mind changes what's actually there