Comd 2081 LSU final fatema

bilabial

both lips. p, m , w

True vocal folds diagram

1. True vocal folds - B, False vocal folds- A, Trachea- C

match the anatomy to the function respiration, phonation (voice), resonation, articulation, language and cognition, swallowing

1Respiration - lungs, diaphragm, intercostal muscles, trachea, larynx, oral/nasal cavities. Phonation (voice) - glottis - housed in larynx Resonation- Supraglottic larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, and velum Articulation - lips, teeth, tongue, alveolar ridge, palate, velum Lang and cognition - CNS, primarily in cerebrum Swallowing- lips, teeth, tongue, hard palate, velum, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus

1. What is the MLU for the child based on the information below? Number of utterances: 20 Number of grammatical morphemes: 76 -

3.8

Match the cranial nerves to the sitauation

A friend makes you laugh when you're drinking a soda. The drink goes up and through your pharynx and your nose. This nerve transmits the sensation to the parietal lobe to tell you that it burns. - IX (9-glossopharyngeal) This nerve moves the front of the tongue to between the teeth for the 'th' sound. - XII (12- hypoglossal) This "wandering nerve" is important for phonation and swallowing. You drink your soda a little too quickly causing you to cough. This nerve didn't do a great job of closing the vocal folds to protect the airway. However, this nerve also sensed the soda went into your trachea, making you cough in response. - X (10-Vagus) When speaking, this nerve shapes the muscles of the lips for various speech sounds like m, b, oh, and oo.- VII (7 facial) When attending a concert, this nerve transmits sounds to the temporal lobe for hearing. - VIII (8- vestibulocochlear) When eating, this nerve innervates the muscles of the mandible to bite and chew food. If a hot food is placed on the front portion of the tongue, this nerve will sense it. - V (5-trigeminal)

Cochlear implants:

Are surgically implanted to electrically stimulate hair cells in the cochlea for individuals with sensorineural or mixed hearing impairment.

Match the type of aphasia to it's characteristics. May say sentences that are missing small words May struggle to complete an entire sentence Often aware they are having difficulty producing speech Intact auditory comprehension May produce full-length sentences with no meaning May use made-up words Not aware they are producing speech that makes little sense Poor auditory comprehension Hallmark characteristic of difficulty naming Grammatically correct, but empty, speech

Brocas wernickes anomic

Language is the ability to think and cognition is a set of rules to share the information that we think of.

False- opposite

What is the source of sound?

Disturbances of a medium (gas, liquid, or solid) due to a vibrating source

Nasals (manner)

Lowered velum allowing sound to pass through the nasal cavity

Resonation

Modification of sound as it passes through structures

1. Cause of stuttering?

Multidimensional factors

What is pitch?

Perception or sensation of the frequency of vibrations

phonation

Production of sound as air flows through the vocal folds, vibrating them.

Articulation disorder examples

SODA: Substitution, Omission, Distortion, and Addition. Ex- substituting one sound for another (e.g., saying wed for red), or leaving out sounds (e.g., nana instead of banana). Another type of articulation disorder is distortion of the "s" sound, also known as a lisp.

What does intensity relate to?

Sensation of loudness (quiet or loud) of a sound

Articulation

Shaping of sound into phonemes

How do standardized and nonstandardized approaches to language assessment differ? When using a standardized test, children are assessed in precisely the same fashion, with specific instructions provided by the tester. Every standardized test has a consistent, uniform way in which a child's language behavior is elicited and evaluated Language samples can be obtained through checklists or observational recording systems, or through casually conversing with the child

Standardized tests have a consistent, uniform way in which a child's language behavior is elicited and evaluated while non-standardized tests can be obtained through checklists or observational recording systems, or through casually conversing with the child.

articulation disorder

The incorrect production of speech sounds due to faulty placement, timing, direction, pressure, speed, or integration of the movements of the mandible, lips, tongue, or velum.

What is acoustics?

The study of sound

lingua-velar

Tongue and soft palate (k,g,ng)

The human ear is divided into an outer, middle, and an inner section. Vibrations are sent through the external auditory meatus causing the _____ to vibrate, activating the ____made up of three small bones. Movement of the stapes against the _____ activates movement of the fluid in the ____ . The fluid causes shearing movement of the hair cells to produce an electric signal for the acoustic nerve. This nerve transmits the signal the hearing-related areas of the brain for interpretation.

Tympanic membrane Ossicular chain Oval window Cochlea

What is an appropriate way to interact with individuals who are deaf?

Use gestures, writing, and facial expressions to supplement oral communication

Specialists who evaluate hearing loss and design and implement aural rehabilitative programs Specialists concerned with human communication and its disorders and the assessment and treatment of those disorders

audiologist speech language pathologist

glottal

back of throat H

Match areas of the brain to their function This area is found in the temporal lobe of the left hemisphere. This area is involved in comprehension of written and spoken speech and language. It also helps form structured and meaningful utterances. This lobe is useful during reading, writing, and when maintaining eye contact in conversation. The motor speech center is typically found in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere. This area is involved in the motor planning of articulation for meaningful speech. This lobe is important for auditory (hearing) comprehension and formulating speech.

Wernickes occipital brocas temporal

RRAP Resonation, Respiration, Articulation,Phonation,

Which of the following area(s) of speech production can dysarthria negatively impact?

Apraxia

Which of the following speech sound disorders would have difficulty blowing out candles on request but not difficulty spontaneously clearing their throat?

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

a system of writing designed to represent all the sounds used in the different languages of the world by SLPs. 42 distinct sounds

Intrinsic muscles of the pharynx and their functions adducts lengthens and tenses abducts

adducts- lateral cricoarytenoid muscles and the transverse arytenoid muscles. lenghtens and tenses- cricothyroid abducts- posterior cricarytenoid

What is the difficulty naming things, objects, and people, especially when asked to name them?

anomia

Aphasia is a motor speech disorder related to poor motor programming.

apraxia

Which motor speech disorder results from neurological damage and characterized by problems w, motor planning, not weakness/ paralysis?

apraxia

Neurolgoical cause of speech sound disorders

apraxia, parkinsons, dysarthria

Match The cognitive process that allows an individual to focus on a particular piece of information or object while ignoring or paying minimal interest to the activities happening around action of beginning a task the ability to set objectives and an action plan for achieving the objectives

attention initiation planning

1. The human nervous system can be generally divided into two parts: The _________ nervous system integrates the information and issues commands - The _________ nervous system gathers information about the environment, sends the information, and demands for action. -

central and peripheral

1. The central nervous system consists of: A major landmark of the central nervous system with specialized areas for activities such as thinking, learning, and speaking. - Controls the flow of messages from the cerebrum to the rest of the body. - Coordinates equilibrium, body posture, and fine motor movements, such as speech. Maintains the tone, speed, and range of movements for articulation. -

cerebrum brain stem cerebellum

cognitive abilities stored in the what is primal cognitive area

cerebrum frontal lobe

Cognitive abilities are housed in the ____.

cerebrum (aka the main part of the brain)

A treatment session with 3 teenagers uses games to target pragmatics based on the teenagers responses. The SLP aids in correcting the communicative errors and elaborates on why the error occurred and how it can be improved but minimally interferes with the flow of communication. What type of therapy approach is being used?

child centered therpay

If a person anticipates they will stutter on the word "banana" and use a description of the "yellow bunch of yellow fruity j's", what avoidance strategy are they using? -

circumlocution

mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

cognition

Affricates

combination of stop and fricative

stops

complete stoppage of airflow p, k, d,

Match the theories of stutters- PWS have an internally disordered phonological system. During the internal planning for speech, we naturally form (i.e., encode) the necessary sounds for words and sentences before physically producing speech - Stuttering results in a situation where there is a disruption in the timing (integration) of linguistic formulation and speech movement. - occurring when the intrinsic and extrinsic social demands placed on a child for producing fluent speech exceed the child's cognitive, linguistic, motor, or emotional capacities for fluent speech -

covert repair neuropsycholinguistic demands and capacities

1. The peripheral nervous system consists of: 12 pairs of nerves located in the area of the brain stem that provide efferent (motor) and afferent (sensory) information to the sense organs and muscles of the head and neck. - A subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that accelerates heart rate, raises blood pressure, dilates pupils, and increase blood flow. - 31 pairs of nerves that attach to each side of the spine to provide neural signals to the small and large muscles throughout the body. - A subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that Slows heart rate, lowers blood pressure, increases activity in stomach, and relaxes body. - Controls and regulates our internal environment for bodily functions including breathing, heartbeat, and digestive processes. -

cranial, sympathetic, spinal nerves, parasympathetic NS, autonomic NS

Whats the best approach for treatment of stuttering

depends on the client, often a combination

What tool is used to view the larynx by passing a light and camera through the mouth and nose

direct laryngoscopy

What motor speech disorder results from neurological damage and can affect multiple areas of speech sound production due to muscle weakness or paralysis

dysarthria

Transient symptoms. Likely to cause isolated damage. However, lesser damage may occur as the brain does regain blood flow to the area affected. Immediate symptoms. Likely to cause isolated and permanent damage to the area of the brain that is no longer receiving blood supply. The longer the blood clot stays, the more damage is caused to the area. No symptoms until hemorrhage occurs. Likely to cause diffuse damage as the hemorrhage and subsequent blood leaking from the blood vessel onto the brain causes increased pressure and decreased blood supply to a large portion of the brain.

embolus thrombosis aneurysm

Peg has insulin-dependent diabetes and is on a restricted carbohydrate diet. She went out to dinner with friends and ordered pasta, garlic bread, and ice cream. This is an example of?

judgement deficit

phonological disorder

errors of phonemes where child cant accurately produce consonants or vowels

1. You can see larynx when looking directly into the mouth-

false

A voiced labiodental (lip and teeth) fricative would be f

false

Aphasia is a disorder associated with poor muscle movement due to paralysis or paresis.

false

Apraxia is always found with aphasia.

false

Child w/ ankyloglossia may have trouble pronouncing k and g?

false

Individuals do not need aural habilitiation/rehabilitation after receiving a cochlear implant.

false

Individuals with hearing problems are deaf.

false

Oral mechanism is exam only important for evaluation of individuals w. cleft palate or motor speech disorders

false

Assessment of cognitive-communication disorders should not include caregiver interviews. True or False?

false. probably just shouldnt have them in the room when assessing the client, can be a distraction

phonological disorder

impaired comprehension of the sound system of a language and the rules that govern the sound combinations

phonemes

in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. consonants and vowels

During language therapy, the speech-language pathologist may restate the child's utterances, however with a fuller and grammatically correct language model. For example, the child may say, "Dog run," and the speech-language pathologist responds with, "Yes. The dog is running." What type of language treatment approach is being used?

language expansion

Information stored in the brain from previous experiences Hold information from few secs to 30 mins Knowing the day, date, time, place, and situation you are in. Able to respond to stimuli only if it comes in. Immediately after waking up

long term memory short term memory orientation arousal

Fricatives Nasals Alveolar Liquids Voiceless Glottal Affricates Bilabial

manner place manner maner voicing place manner place

3 ways consonants traditionally classified

manner, voicing, place

1. Contains nerves that carry motor commands such as breathing - Links higher and lower brain- Transmits signals to and from 2 halves of cerebellum-

medulla pons midbrain

The mental capacity or skill to store and retrieve information from the present and past. It can be the ability to retrieve immediate information, do mental calculations or even remembering information from the past

memory

What is the creation of nonsensical words?

neologisms

A change or transfer of function to a new location during recovery following a brain injury Round about talking due to word-finding problems Natural reestablishment of skills that were initially lost immediately following a brain injury Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body

neuroplasticity circumlocution spontaneous recovery hemiparaesis

1. This lobe houses the visual cortex. This is useful during reading, writing, and when maintaining eye contact in conversation. - The area is the motor speech center typically found in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere. This area is involved in the motor planning of articulation for meaningful speech. - This area is found in the temporal lobe of the left hemisphere. This area is involved in comprehension of written and spoken speech and language. It also helps form structured and meaningful utterances - This lobe houses the motor cortex. This area is related to function of movement of muscles used for articulation and swallowing. This lobe also associates with cognitive functions (reasoning, planning, problem solving). - This lobe is important for auditory (hearing) comprehension and formulating speech - This lobe houses the sensory cortex. This area integrates sensations of pain, touch, temperature, and pressure during swallowing and sensation in the mouth and face during articulation. -

occipital brocas area wernickes frontal temporal parietal

Match voice characteristics to category of voice disorder Benign, surface-level tumors that are caused by the human papilloma virus. Tend to grow back on the larynx, even if they have been completely removed. - Spasm and abnormal contraction of the vocal folds with unknown origin, but potential due to a motor disturbance deep in the brain. - Inflammation ad swelling of the vocal folds due to excessive use and talking too loud. Can also be caused by reflux. -

organic voice disorder neurogenic voice disorder phonotrauma

Child produces a pattern of error indicating mis learned rules. Ex: sheep = seep, chop= top, change= tange. What kind of error?

phonological

consonant classification

place of articulation, manner of articulation, voicing

1. Match the domains of language to the description. Language use in context for a particular purpose or reason- The content of language, including the meanings of individual words and words in combination- Smallest meaningful unit of language. Stringing together of sounds (phonemes) and includes such structures as prefixes and suffixes - The knowledge a person has of the consonant and vowels sounds in the language- Rules used for combining words to make a sentence-

pragmatics semantics morphology phonology syntax

Mach the speech and language characteristics of a deaf and severely hard of hearing individual to the language domain. Limited understanding of figurative language, idioms, or metaphors Short, simple sentences. Word order and sentence constructions may be incorrect or atypical when compared to spoken English. Consonant and vowel omissions, substitutions, and distortions.

pragmatics syntax phonology

lingua-alveolar sounds

produced by raising the tip of the tongue to make contact with the alveolar ridge t, d, n, s, l

place of articulation

refers to the specific articulators employed in the production of a particular phoneme; the location of the constriction in the vocal tract in production of a consonant

Causes of cognitive-communication disorders

right hemisphere disorder, traumatic brain injury, brain tumor

Match the type of hearing loss to the area of the ear or cause. Can be congenital or acquired. Hair cells of the cochlea and/or acoustic nerve are not functioning properly. The outer and middle ear are normal. Both an element of the inner ear and the outer and/or middle ear are impacted within the same ear. Often caused by middle ear infection, efficiency of outer or middle ear in transmitting sound is diminished. Inner ear is normal

sensorineural mixed hearing loss conductive

olfactory responsible for

smell

labiodental sounds

sounds that are produced by the lips and teeth (fast, vine)

1. What type of language disorder is characterized by difficulty with language that is not caused by known neurological, sensory, intellectual, or emotional deficit?-

specific language impairment

functional cause of speech sound disorders

speech delays and residual errors

HOS hearing test, orofacial exam, and a standardized test

speech sound assessment should include

What two features distinguish cluttering from stuttering

spoonerisms, telescoped words and syllables

manner of articulation

the extent to which airflow is interrupted by parts of the mouth in the production of consonant sounds

A blood clot at the point of its origin (stationary blood clot) A sack-like bulge on the wall of a weakened artery that eventually bursts, causing cerebral hemorrhage. Traveling blood clot (blood clot carried to a brain artery where it permanently lodges)

thrombosis aneurysm embolus

lingua-palatal

tongue and hard palate

Aphasia is a communication disorder associated with an injury to the language centers of the brain.

true

Apraxia is often found with Broca's aphasia due to the area of the brain impacted controlling motor speech planning.

true

Peripheral nervous system gathers information and sends information to the central nervous system

true

The degree of oral communicative handicap depends on the onset of hearing impairment, achievement of language abilities, and degree of hearing loss.

true

The frontal lobe is concerned with motor control, including motor speech control.

true

Wernicke's area controls language formulation and auditory comprehension

true

2 main features of stuttering that are different than typical dysfluencies?

type/frequency/duration of dysfluencies, associated covert features

linguadental

~ tongue to teeth ~ this, that