COMM 114 Exam #3

(Ch.9) Comparison level

A person's realistic expectation of what the person wants and thinks he or she deserves from a relationship.

(Ch. 11) People in which type of culture think of the unequal distribution of power as normal or even desirable? a. High-power-distance b. Low-power-distance c. High-context d. Low-context

High-power-distance

(Ch.10) Marital Schema

One's cognitive models for what marriage is and should be.

(Ch.10) Peer

Someone of similar power or status to oneself.

(Exam Review) Megan is struggling in her statistics class when she meets Eric. Eric is skilled with statistics and enjoys teaching it to others. Megan begins to form a friendship with Eric. Based on ideas of forming relationships, this friendship is based on what type of attraction?

Task attraction

(Ch. 9) Which of the following is NOT an identified reward of relationships? a. Time b. Material c. Health d. Emotional

Time

(Ch.9) Predicted Outcome Value Theory

theory predicting that we form relationships when we think the effort will be worth it. if we like what we learn about someone in initial conversations, we predict positive outcomes for future communication

(Ch.9) Assurances

verbal and nonverbal behaviors that people use to illustrate their faithfulness and commitment to others. ex- "of course ill help you, you're my best friend"

(Exam Review) What three requirements must be met for something to be considered deception?

1. The sender must know the information is false. 2. The sender must be transmitting the information on purpose. 3. The sender must be attempting to make the receiver believe the information

(Ch.10) Rawlin's Friendship Life Span Stages

1. role limited interaction 2. friendly relations 3. moves toward friendship 4. nascent friendship 5. stabilized friendship 6. waning friendship

(Exam Review) Research has shown that under normal conditions, the average person can detect detection about _______ percent of the time.

55%

(Ch.10) Gottman has discovered that satisfied couples maintain what ratio of positive to negative communication? a. 5:1 b. 8:1 c. 1:1 d. 14:1

5:1

(Ch.9) Comparison level for alternatives

A person's assessment of how good his or her current relationship is, compared with other options.

(Ch.11) Match the strategy for managing conflict with the correct description. Involves giving in to the other party's needs and desires while subordinating one's own 1. Competing 2. Avoiding 3. Accommodating 4. Compromising 5. Collaborating

Accommodating

(Exam Review) Jordan wants to feel emotionally close to his girlfriend, but he also wants to make his own decisions. In order to manage this tension, he goes back and forth between spending time with his girlfriend and spending time by himself or with friends outside of the relationship. In this example, Jordan is using what strategy?

Alternation

(Ch. 9) When we experience any form of attraction for someone else, we are likely to engage in ________ behaviors, which signal our interest in another person. a. liking b. Initiation c. Attraction d. Approach

Approach

(Ch.9) Physical attraction

Attraction to someone's physical appearance.

(Ch. 9) Michael wants to feel emotionally close to his girlfriend but he also wants to make his own decisions. Which dialectical tension is he experiencing? a. Autonomy-connectedness b. Openness-closedness c. Novelty-predictability d. Revelation-concealment

Autonomy-connectedness

(Ch.11) Match the strategy for managing conflict with the correct description. Involves ignoring or failing to deal with the conflict 1. Competing 2. Avoiding 3. Accommodating 4. Compromising 5. Collaborating

Avoiding

(Ch.10) Traditional Couples

Believe in gender-typical divisions of labor in which wives are in charge of housework and husbands are responsible for home repair. When conflict arises, couples engage in it rather than avoid it.

(Ch.10) 4. Nascent Friendship Stage

Birth of friendship, communication behavior begins to change

(Ch.9) Match the stage of relationship development to the correct description. People publicly announce their commitment to each other. 1. Initiating 2. Experimenting 3. Bonding 4. Intensifying 5. Integrating

Bonding

(Exam Review) Christine receives a call from her manager asking her to pick up a shift that night, because one of her coworkers called in sick. She doesn't want to say yes; however, she knows that her manager tends to give employees who refuse to come in when called the worst shifts on the next schedule. In this example, Christine is responding to what form of power?

Coercive power

(Ch.11) Match the strategy for managing conflict with the correct description. Working toward a solution that meets both parties' need 1. Competing 2. Avoiding 3. Accommodating 4. Compromising 5. Collaborating

Collaborating

(Exam Review) ________ is the desire to stay in a relationship no matter what happens.

Commitment

(Ch.10) Spousal Privledge

Communication between spouses is privileged and protected.

(Ch.9) Which term refers to your realistic expectation of what you think you deserve from a relationship? a. Comparison level for alternatives b. Complementarity assessment c. Comparison level d. Predicted outcome value

Comparison level

(Ch.11) Match the strategy for managing conflict with the correct description. One's goal is to win while the other party loses 1. Competing 2. Avoiding 3. Accommodating 4. Compromising 5. Collaborating

Competing

(Ch.11) A relationship between a person of higher power and a person of lesser power is known as a ________ relationship. a. Complementary b. Symmetrical c. Contemporary d. Deficit

Complementry

(Ch.11) Match the strategy for managing conflict with the correct description. Both parties give up something they want so that both parties can receive something they want 1. Competing 2. Avoiding 3. Accommodating 4. Compromising 5. Collaborating

Compromising

(Ch. 12) Research shows that men are more likely than women to lie about which characteristic in an online dating ad? a. Physical attractiveness b. Education level c. Age d. Ethnicity

Educational level

(Ch. 12) Which of the following forms of deception is an act of dissimulation? a. Equivocation b. Falsification c. Exaggeration d. Sarcasm

Equivocation

(Exam Review) Kelly's parents are paying for her college tuition. Because of this, they want to be updated on her academic performance. Over Thanksgiving, when asked about her grades, Kelly replied by telling her parents that she is learning a lot. What form of deception is Kelly using?

Equivocation

(Ch. 12) Frank's grandfather loved to fish. Every time he came back from the lake, he described catching and releasing a bigger and bigger fish. We can infer from this story that Frank's grandfather likely engaged in what? a. Falsification b. Exaggeration c. Commission d. Equivocation

Exaggeration

(Exam Review) The practice of polygamy is, by definition, an exception to which social expectation about marriage?

Exclusivity

(Ch.9) Match the stage of relationship development to the correct description. Individuals have conversations to learn more about each other. 1. Initiating 2. Experimenting 3. Bonding 4. Intensifying 5. Integrating

Experimenting

(Ch. 11) True or False: The topics that gay and lesbian couples experience conflict over tend to differ from the conflict topics of heterosexual couples.

False

(Ch. 12) True or False: According to the motivation impairment effect, those who lack motivation are less likely to be able to deceive others.

False

(Ch. 12) True or False: When Maggie attempts to change her opinions of herself, by telling herself that she is confident, this is an example of how you can lie to yourself.

False

(Ch. 9) True or False: Angela is a very shy person. She finds Greg to be attractive because he is outgoing and makes friends easily. This type of attraction is known as popular attraction.

False

(Ch.10) True or False: Jason and Megan are raising 3 children. Two are from Megan's former relationship and one is a child they had together. This is an example of a nuclear family.

False

(Ch.10) True or False: Mother, son, grandfather, and aunt are all examples of family roles.

False

(Exam Review) True or False: Pupil dilation usually decreases when people are being deceptive.

False

(Exam Review) True or False: The most distressed relationships are those with the most frequent conflict.

False

(Ch.10) 5. Stabilized friendship stage

Final friendship stage, expectations for future, responsibilities EX: take out trash

(Ch.10) 6. Waning Friendship Stage

Friendship is terminating and degrading, beginning of depenetration

(Ch.10) Which of the following statements about friendships is FALSE? a. Friendships usually occur between peers. b. Friendships are voluntary c. Friendships are governed by rules. d. Friendships are the same in both sexes.

Friendships are the same in both sexes

(Exam Review) When engaged in interpersonal conflict, ________ is the practice of saving up past grievances and bringing them all up at the same time.

Gunnysacking

(Ch.11) Felix had been angry with his roommate Hector for some time. Hector was always playing his music so loudly that Felix couldn't concentrate, much less have a conversation on the telephone. Despite his anger, he hadn't expressed his feelings to Hector. Which of the following is true of this situation? a. Hector and Felix are engaged in conflict, because conflict can exist "under the surface" for some time. b. Hector and Felix are not engaged in conflict, because the source of their conflict is not interpersonal. c. Hector and Felix are engaged in conflict, because Felix's anger is sufficient to produce conflict. d. Hector and Felix are not engaged in conflict, because conflict must be expressed

Hector and Felix are not engaged in conflict, because conflict must be expressed

(Ch.9) Match the stage of relationship development to the correct description. People meet and interact for the first time. 1. Initiating 2. Experimenting 3. Bonding 4. Intensifying 5. Integrating

Initiating

(Ch.9) Match the stage of relationship development to the correct description. A deep commitment has formed and there is a strong sense that the relationship has its own identity. 1. Initiating 2. Experimenting 3. Bonding 4. Intensifying 5. Integrating

Integrating

(Ch.9) Match the stage of relationship development to the correct description. Individuals move from being acquaintances to being close friends. 1. Initiating 2. Experimenting 3. Bonding 4. Intensifying 5. Integrating

Intensifying

(Ch.9) Mary is accepted into a graduate school in another state. She would like to attend, as it is a great opportunity; however, she realizes that her decision will affect her close friends and family. Mary's struggle with her decision is based on what? a. Attraction theory b. Predicted outcome value theory c. Uncertainty reduction theory d. Interdependence

Interdependence

(Ch. 12) Which of the following would NOT be an example of a high-stakes lie? a. Lying to get out of a speeding ticket b. Engaging in insider trading c. Having an affair d. Forging a signature

Lying to get out of a speeding ticket

(Exam Review) From a legal perspective, which is the most heavily regulated relationship type in the United States?

Marital relationships

(Ch.10) According to Mary Anne Fitzpatrick, cognitive models for what marriage is and should be are called what? a. Marital hierarchies b. Bonding patterns c. Marital schemata d. Sexual roles

Marital schemata

(Exam Review) Mark recently stopped a conflict with his girlfriend, Carrie, and said to her, "You don't know how to have a disagreement without losing your temper and swearing!" Carrie replied, "Well at least I want to confront the issues instead of avoiding them!" Mark and Carrie's exchange is an example of

Metaconflict

(Ch. 9) True or False: Kevin and Mark have been best friends since childhood. They both care about one another deeply; however, they have not been able to talk to one another in months due to hectic schedules. According to the need to belong theory, would this relationship satisfy one's need for social bonds. a. Yes, this meets all of the requirements for a social bond. b. No, this only meets some requirements for a social bond. c. No, this does not meet any requirements for a social bond.

No, this only meets some requirements for a social bond.

(Ch.10) 1. Role-Limited Interaction Stage

Not friendship yet, engaging in small talk and sharing only minimal amounts of information Ex: sitting next to classmate talking about school.

(Ch.10) 2. Friendly Relations Stage

Not friendship yet, the friendship stage in which we explore whether we have enough in common to continue building a relationship

(Ch. 11) _________ is the ability to manipulate, influence, or control other people or events. a. Conflict b. Fear c. Coercion d. Power

Power

(Ch.9) Which of the following is NOT a relational maintenance behavior? a. Social networks b. Assurances c. Openness d. Predictability

Predictability

(Ch.10) Family________ can serve as an important way of promoting communication in a blended family, according to your text. a. Stories b. Rituals c. Vacations d. Secrets

Rituals

(Exam Review) In which marriage type do spouses adopt conventional gender roles and tend to avoid conflict?

Separate

(Ch.10) Infidelity

Sexual involvement with someone other than one's romantic partner.

(Ch. 12) According to your text, which of the following is NOT a common reason for deception? a. Some lies make you look better b. Some lies amuse you c. Some lies benefit the hearer d. Some lies take advantage of others' ignorance

Some lies take advantage of others' ignorance

(Ch.10) Separate Couples

Spouses are autonomous rather than interdependent. They have their own interests and social networks, and they think of themselves as separate individuals instead of one couple. They tend not to engage in conflict.

(Ch.9) Rules of Friendship

Stand up for friend in his absence, trust each other, offer help, don't criticize friend in public, keep their secrets, provide emotional support, respect privacy, don't be jealous of their other friends

(Ch.11) The content dimension of a conflict relates to what? a. The acceptability of the outcome of the conflict b. The specific point of contention giving rise to the conflict c. The strategies people use to manage the conflict d. The implications of the conflict for the relationship

The specific point of contention giving rise to the conflict

(Ch.9) (Equity theory) Under-benefited

The state in which one's relational costs exceed one's relational rewards.

(Ch.9) (Equity theory) Over-benefited

The state in which one's relational rewards exceed one's relational costs.

(Ch.9) Communication Privacy Management theory (CPM)

Theory that explains how people manage the tension between privacy and disclosure.

(Ch.10) Independent Couples

These couples see themselves as being independent of social expectations for marriage. They don't believe in conventional gender roles or divisions of labor. They engage in conflict when it arises.

(Ch.10) Which of the following statements about opposite-sex friendships is FALSE? a. They provide men a chance to be emotionally expressive and women a chance to engage in shared activities. b. They often contain some degree of sexual or physical attraction. c. According to one study, about half of college students engage in sexual behavior with their opposite-sex friends. d. They are almost always closer than same-sex friendships.

They are almost always closer than same-sex friendships.

(Ch.10) 3. Moves Towards Friendship Stage

This is where we decide if the friendship is going to continue and move forward.

(Ch. 12) When Tonya's boss asked her what time their meeting with the new client was, she replied that it was set for that afternoon at 3:30. She was so certain that she did not bother to check her calendar first. When Tonya and her boss arrived at the client's office, the client was very upset because she had been waiting for 30 minutes for their 3:00 meeting. Tonya then checked her calendar, and sure enough, the meeting had been scheduled for 3:00. Which of the following is true of this scenario? a. Tonya did not lie to her boss, because she believed her statement was true. b. Tonya did not lie to her boss, because she didn't mean for her boss to believe her. c. Tonya lied to her boss, because she failed to check facts before making a statement. d. Tonya lied to her boss, in order to avoid potential harm

Tonya did not lie to her boss, because she believed her statement was true.

(Ch. 11) True or False: The disinhibition effect suggests that online conflicts are more likely to involve inequitable distributions of power than face-to-face conflicts.

True

(Ch. 12) True or False: Many forms of politeness and discretion involve being deceptive.

True

(Ch. 12) True or False: One of the most common ways people discover they've been lied to is from third-party information.

True

(Ch. 9) True or False: According to equity theory, it is better to be equally benefited than to be over-benefited.

True

(Ch.10) True or False: Just because friendship is voluntary, that doesn't mean we choose our friends arbitrarily.

True

(Ch.10) True or False: Partners in a couple jointly own the information about their relationship.

True

(Ch.11) True or False: Referent power derives from one's admiration for, and attraction to, another.

True

(Exam Review) True or False: According to the need to belong, we need relationships that are both emotionally close and interactive.

True

(Exam Review) True or False: Complementary relationships are those in which the parties have unequal power.

True

(Exam Review) The tendency to believe what someone says is true, in the absence of a reason not to is called __________; the tendency NOT to believe what someone says is true, unless given a reason to is called _____________.

Truth bias; lie bias

(Exam Review) David and Jeffrey were recently married, and they have been excited to start a family. They received news that they have been approved to adopt a child. Please identify both the *type AND form* of family that is illustrated from David and Jeffrey's point of view.

Type: Family of procreation Form: Blended family

(Exam Review) Which theory predicts that the more we learn about someone, the more we like that person?

Uncertainty reduction theory

(Ch.10) According to Gottman's couple typology, which type of couple handles disagreements in a way that is open, but discussions tend to be competitive rather than cooperative? a. Volatile b. Hostile c. Conflict-avoidant d. Validating

Volatile

(Exam Review) In the ________ stage of friendship, people begin to drift apart and might lose contact with one another.

Waning friendship

(Ch. 11) When spouses engage in the demand-withdraw pattern, who is most likely to demand and who is more likely to withdraw? a. Men are most likely to demand; women are most likely to withdraw. b. Women are most likely to demand; men are most likely to withdraw. c. Women are most likely to demand and most likely to withdraw. d. Men are most likely to demand and most likely to withdraw.

Women are most likely to demand; men are most likely to withdraw.

(Ch.9) Openness

a persons willingness to talk with his friend or relational partner about their relationship

(Ch.9) Attraction theory

a theory that explains why individuals are drawn to others -we are attracted to people who are more physically attractive, physically closer to us, similar to us, or who complement us in some way (as long as differences are seen as positive)

(Ch.9) Social Networks

all the friendships and family one has. important to share ones social networks with another. convergence keeps relationships stable and strong

(Ch.9) Task attraction

attraction to someone's abilities and dependability

(Ch.9) Social Attraction

attraction to someone's personality

(Ch.9) Avoidance Behavior

communication behavior that signal ones lack of interest in getting to know someone. verbal actions-saying leave me alone. nonverbal-avoiding eye contact and not spending time with them

(Ch.9) Approach Behaviors

communication behaviors that signal one's interest in getting to know someone. can be verbal statements like introducing, asking about them or nonverbal- smiling, maintaining eye contact

(Ch.9) What are the benefits that friends bring?

emotional support and happiness, material needs (food, shelter, transportation), health rewards -without strong positive relationships a big risk for premature morality. friends ward of negative effects of stress

(Ch.9) Interpersonal attraction

the force that draws people together