COMM 2540 Midterm 1

The potential opportunities enabled by the channel's properties or features.

Affordances

What is the Internet of Things?

An interlinked system of everyday physical objects connected to the Internet (alexa or doorbell)

_______________ is when an Internet Service Provider (ISP; e.g., AT&T) decides not to provide high speed Internet to a particular neighborhood because some people who live in that neighborhood would not be able to afford the price of its service.

Digital Redlining

The most common form of social support provided online is _______________

Emotional Support

When individuals seek feedback online that will validate their sense of identity, skills, or abilities, they want feedback from the "right" people, who are valued members of their social group. This is an example of _____________.

Esteem Suppport

Which of the following channels is the richest form of communication?

Face to face

Artificial intelligence uses database matching of ___________ for facial recognition.

Faceprints

Skin texture analysis, a technological advancement in facial recognition software, determines the distance between:

Facial Pores

According to social presence theory, socioemotional cues such as nonverbal and verbal indicators of emotion, interpersonal closeness, and social presence are easily conveyed through mediated channels such as text or email.

False

According to the Social Information Processing Model, the adoption of a particular channel or medium of communication is solely based on how easy it is to use and how useful its features are for the user.

False

According to the theory of electronic propinquity, the feeling of psychological closeness increases the more media channels that are available to communicate with someone.

False

Confirmation bias does not exist in the artificial intelligence systems that make predictions and recommendations about people.

False

The Hyper-personal Model of Communication predicts that when we only interact with someone through mediated channels, our impressions of them will always be more positive than they would be if these interactions occurred face-to-face.

False

True or false: Because college students could use on-campus technology when they experience a breakdown in their personal technology, Gonzales and colleagues found that socioeconomic status did not matter in terms of grade outcomes for students in their study.

False

True or false: Jarvis argues that because of the massive banking of information, we know more in a short period of time about the Internet's effects than we do about the impact of the printing press.

False

The rate at which people are using the Internet during the pandemic has jumped usage rates 15 years into the future.

False The rates have pushed us roughly 2-5 years into the future.

The ____ level of divide is ___ with slightly less than 50% of the global population now having Internet access

First, Closing

Which term(s) represent(s) the possible physical configuration of groups within organizations?

Fully distributed Colocated Large subgroups Small subgroups

Receiving a mass email from the head of a company or organization when you're an employee is likely a form of _______________ communication because it does not allow the participants to form meaningful relationships based on their individual selves, traits, and personalities.

Interpersonal

This theory predicts that: If two individuals are very close, share a lot of friends in common, and rely on each other for socio-emotional support, they'll likely communicate with each other across multiple media channels.

Media Multiplexity Approach

Any technological artifact that demonstrates sufficient social cues to indicate the potential to be a source of social interaction.

Media agent

What is the number one reason people in the United States file for personal bankruptcy?

Medical Debt

Those born after 1992 who have grown up with the Internet and various forms of computer-mediated communication within their lives are digital_______ while those who came to use these technologies later in their life are digital ______

Natives; immigrants

Which of the following does Dr. Sherman describe as a reason we focus on access issues when considering the digital divide?

The law uses previous legal concepts and definitions to make new ones It is the easiest form of the divide to study We can't understand what people can do with tech until they have access to it

Diffusion of Innovation Theory suggests that....

The population can be divided into five groups and each group is influenced by different factors in order to adopt a new technology.

Part of the reason why we have biases against people who are different than us (i.e., outgroups) is because...

Their difference triggers a fear response we may not even be aware of

Ad hoc groups can naturally emerge online from the networks and structures of interaction among individuals, but sometimes individuals may not even know they are in a group.

True

Meaningful internet access means that individuals have personal and private access to the Internet, particularly at home.

True

One important caveat of the contact hypothesis is that individuals must view their partners as both individuals and members of the out-group for positive associations with one out-group member to be transferred to the entire out-group.

True

The United Nations recently declared that Internet access was a "basic human right."

True

The bandwidth of media agents is increasing as some can now convey facial expressions, gestures, and a sense of touch.

True

With the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, facial recognition technologies are of greater importance.

True

Looking to people on the fringes in order to achieve more specific, accurate or complete knowledge about a topic is known as what?

Using the long tail

Algorithms are ___________________________.

a set of steps that describe how to complete a task

People frequently __________ computers or other digital agents such as Apple's Siri or Amazon's Alexa because they sound human-like and imitate interpersonal communication with a real person.

anthropomorphize

A Facebook group for all the first year's entering into your college or university would be a ___________ group.

common identity

Which of the following pairs of concepts best describes Web 2.0:

create and collaborate

Adaptive structuration theory predicts that communication media can be used in one of two ways:

faithfully or ironically

True or false: The Internet today is best described as a centralized infrastructure of networks.

false -The Internet is not centralized. Instead it is best described as a distributed network.

The introduction of Web 1.0 allowed individual people the opportunity to create and maintain a presence online, reducing the prevalence of _________________, a practice in which certain privileged individuals or institutions have the authority to control information release.

gatekeeping

Which of the following does Jarvis identify as disrupting the idea that people are mindless groups?

The Internet

A _______________ group is a group of individuals who maintain relationships due to their affinity towards the group as a whole (e.g., Ohio State Buckeyes fans).

Common-identity

If you have a ad pop up on your facebook page, where did that information come from?

Cookies

The data that websites and applications store to track user behaviors on websites, in applications, and across other various platforms are called:

Cookies

Which of the following is a stage of technology maintenance introduced by Gonzales and colleagues?

Coping with disruptions Sustaining access Achieving access

_________________ is the principle that states, in order for a group or system to be functional, the diversity within the system needs to match the diversity of the broader system or organization in which the group operates.

Requisite variety

When people who are of high socioeconomic status and have access to well-functioning technology, they are often able to use it to benefit themselves in every day life. This is known as ______________.

Rich-get-richer effect

To overcome the issues of older technologies' inability to account for depth in facial features, new technologies _________________________.

Send signals from the image capturing device to the face

Deindividuation occurs when there is a loss of awareness of one's personal identity and ____________________ predicts that, when deindividuation occurs, individuals will seek to orient themselves based on a salient social identity.

Social identity model of deindividuation effects

The idea that technology is responsible for the nature of society and has a powerful influence on societal change is

Technodeterminism

The idea that the digital divide is now considered mostly in terms of having access to stable, fully functioning technology is referred to as _________________.

Technology maintenance

Tom is on an online dating site called Hitch.com and he likes the profile of a woman named Natalie. Natalie has one profile picture and says she likes yoga, documentaries, cats, and going to art galleries and museums with her friends. Tom thinks from seeing Natalie's profile picture that she's outgoing, fun, and attractive, but he feels insecure about his own looks and is a bit shy and slow to warm up around people. Also, Tom prefers playing video games at home and hates cats. The Hyperpersonal Model would suggest that in order for Tom to reduce his feelings of discomfort with his own appearance and the mismatch in his interests with Natalie's, he should pick a communication channel with ___________.

high bandwidth

The costs associated with installing Internet infrastructure often produces a ______________, a situation in which those people in lower income or more geographically remote locations cannot access the Internet.

last-mile problem

Even after individuals have access to digital tools, ___________ can make them less likely to use technology often or take advantage of its many useful features.

low self-efficacy

On Facebook, you can post a deeply personal message to your best friend, but have it seen by a very large public. This is because Facebook, and other social media, are best thought of as a form of _____________ communication.

mass personal

Channels such as texting or Zoom allow for individuals to quickly send and receive feedback from their communication partner, therefore one might say these channels have greater _____________________.

mutual directionality

In the interview with communication scholar Joe Walther, he states that information about you that is ______________________ is more trustworthy than information you _____________________.

posted on a professional website; post on a personal blog

The distributed network infrastructure that preceded and served as a proof of concept for the technologies involved in creating our current Internet was called:

the ARPANET

What is web 2.0?

the second stage of development of the World Wide Web, characterized especially by the change from static web pages to dynamic or user-generated content and the growth of social media.

According to Media Richness Theory, channels of communications can be classified as either lean or rich, with leaner media being using for conveying information in order to reduce ____ and richer media being more useful for reducing _____ .

uncertainty; ambiguity