comm 288 midterm

Which type of hypothesis is this example: There is no relationship between a person's age and their amount of self-disclosure in their relationships. a. Null Hypothesis b. One-Tailed (Directional) Hypothesis c. Two-Tailed (Nondirectional) Hypothesis

a. Null Hypothesis

A "Bibliography" is a common feature of this writing style: a. APA b. Chicago c. MLA d. None of the above

b. Chicago

How closely an operational definition matches a conceptual definition refers to its: a. Confounding variable b. Social Desirability Bias c. Conceptual Fit d. Hawthorne Effect

c. Conceptual Fit

When researchers ensure that their findings will represent and apply to other people and situations, they are attempting to increase the study's . a. Response rate b. Statistical power c. Generalizability

c. Generalizability

The traditional researcher-researched relationship is one of ____________,in which the researcher holds power over the people he/she is studying, simply by virtue of the fact that the researcher is in charge of the study, the methodology, the analysis, and dissemination of the findings. a. Atonic power b. Autonomous power c. Hegemonic power d. Heteromonic power

c. Hegemonic power

A "Works Cited" list is a common feature of this writing style: a. APA b. Chicago c. MLA d. A and B e. None of the above

c. MLA

Theory about theory is known as: a. Epistemology b. Ontology c. Metatheory d. Axiology

c. Metatheory

MLA stands for: a. Meaning for Language Arts b. Methodology of Language Academy c. Modern Language Association d. Monitors of Language Arts

c. Modern Language Association

Unlike intuition, this type of reasoning tests hunches. a. Tenacity b. A priori c. Scientific d. Epistemology

c. Scientific

_________________ is the probability your research will identify a statistical effect when it occurs. a. Confidence interval b. Correlation c. Statistical power d. Cronbach's Alpha

c. Statistical power

Metatheory is not____. a. Based on theory b. How we observe the social world c. The study of nature d. All are correct e. All are incorrect

c. The study of nature

Plagiarism is: a. A form of cheating and stealing b. A violation of copyright laws Illegal c. The failure to properly cite sources d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What format do Communication Researchers use when writing? a. APA b. Chicago Style c. MLA d. All of the above

d. All of the above

As part of the informed consent process, a researcher must: a. Disclose all relevant information to potential participants b. Disclose any risks, benefits, or uncertainties of the study c. Explain how the participants can withdraw from the study at any time d. All of these are correct.

d. All of these are correct.

Relying on someone in a position of power to tell you what is factual is an example of: a. Social Research b. A Priori c. Scientific Reasoning d. Authority

d. Authority

Which of these three terms go together? a. Deductive, Qualitative, Nominalist b. Inductive, Quantitative, Nominalist c. Inductive, Qualitative, Realist d. Deductive, Quantitative, Realist

d. Deductive, Quantitative, Realist

The following are accepted writing styles in Communications Studies: a. AP, Chicago, MLA b. APA, MLA, AP c. Chicago, AP, MLA d. MLA, APA, Chicago e. None of the above

d. MLA, APA, Chicago

What do Communication researchers mostly study? a. People b. Channels c. Contexts d. Messages

d. Messages

According to the lecture, a well-written research objective should: a. All of these. b. Lead to the research hypotheses. c. Identify the gap in research. d. Be narrow and specific

a. All of these.

Once we believe something, we tend to pay special attention to those experiences and situations that are consistent with our beliefs, and disregard those that are inconsistent with our beliefs. This is called: a. Cognitive Conservatism b. Overgeneralization c. Accuracy d. None of these.

a. Cognitive Conservatism

In this example what is the dependent variable: There is a difference between COMM majors and non-COMM majors with respect to amount of communication apprehension. a. Communication Apprehension b. Non-COMM Majors c. COMM Majors

a. Communication Apprehension

List 4 out of the "7-commandments" of ethical research Any 4 of:

a. Do not steal by plagiarizing or claiming the results of others b. Do not lie by misreporting sources or by inventing results. c. Do not destroy sources and data for those who follow. d. Do not submit data whose accuracy they have reason to question.

What organizations act as gatekeepers and oversee the research conducted at most universities? a. Institutional Review Boards (IRB) b. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) c. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) d. Federal Communication Commission (FCC)

a. Institutional Review Boards (IRB)

In qualitative research, participants are given access and the opportunity to agree or disagree with the research findings. This is called. a. Member checks b. Informed consent c. Debriefing d. Beneficence

a. Member checks

is concerned with questions of reality, free will, and determinism. a. Ontology b. Epistemology c. None of the above. d. Axiology

a. Ontology

This level of measurment has categories that are ranked in order, but does not indicate how much the difference is between each category. a. Ordinal b. Interval c. Ratio d. Nominal

a. Ordinal

If you believe that the world exists out there and is tangible, you are taking this type of stance: a. Realist b. Nominalist c. Social Constructionist d. None of these are correct.

a. Realist

When research participants are treated as capable of making their own decisions, as long as they are given sufficient information, researchers are demonstrating a. Respect for Persons b. Justice c. Beneficence

a. Respect for Persons

When paraphrasing this is a proper in-text citation: a. (Lister and Colleagues, 2003) b. (Lister et al., 2003) c. (Lister, 2003, p. 4) d. (Lister, pp.4-6)

b. (Lister et al., 2003)

This is the proper citation for a direct quote: a. (Lister, et al., 2003) b. (Lister, et al., 2003, p 4) c. (Lister, p.4) d. (p.4)

b. (Lister, et al., 2003, p 4)

Which of the following is a type of random sampling? a. Network Sampling b. Cluster Sampling c. Convenience Sampling d. Volunteer Sampling

b. Cluster Sampling

According to the lecture, in which section of a quantitative journal article can you find the author's "suggestions for future research?" a. Methodology section b. Discussion section c. Results section d. Literature Review section

b. Discussion section

Qualitative research: a. None of these is correct. b. Embraces a naturalistic, interpretive paradigm c. Represents and explains objective reality with the overarching goal of simplifying, organizing, predicting, and controlling human behavior d. Is concerned with generalizing to a wider population

b. Embraces a naturalistic, interpretive paradigm

When participants change their behavior because they know they are being observed, this is known as the a. Conceptual Fit b. Hawthorne Effect c. Confounding Variable d. Social Desirability Bias

b. Hawthorne Effect

A(n) _________________ variable is predicted to cause or determine the value in another variable. a. Dependent b. Independent c. Conceptual d. Operational

b. Independent

Which of the following examples best shows when a researcher does NOT follow the rule of nonmaleficence? a. A researcher provided informed consent for the participants. b. A researcher debriefed the participants after the study was completed. c. A researcher inflicted psychological harm on the participants. d. A researcher first received parental consent before studying children.

c. A researcher inflicted psychological harm on the participants.

Quantitative research: a. Embraces a postpositivist paradigm. b. Studies numerical data. c. All of these are correct. d. Relies on a deductive model

c. All of these are correct.

Generally, when increases, the overall confidence in the sample also increases. a. Sample size b. Response rate c. All of these. d. Statistical power

c. All of these.

APA stands for: a. Academic Publishing Association b. American Press Association c. American Psychology Association d. Associated Press Association

c. American Psychology Association

Which kind of definition describes the observable and measurable characteristics of a concept? a. Conceptual Definition b. Operational Definition

b. Operational Definition

The assumption that something is true because it has always been true relates to: a. A Priori b. Authority c. Tenacity d. Hunches

c. Tenacity

Which of the following scenarios would require informed consent? a. Analysis of diaries or letters of a deceased historical figure b. Obtaining third-party information in health communication research, in which a healthcare professional might be asked questions about a patient c. When a communication scholar writes a rhetorical analysis of Barak Obama's latest speech d. All of the above e. None of the above

b. Obtaining third-party information in health communication research, in which a healthcare professional might be asked questions about a patient

Which of the following sources would be best to use for your literature review? a. One from a web page about interpersonal communication. b. One published in 2005 in the Journal of Applied Communication Research which is a peer-reviewed journal published by the National Communication Association. c. One published in 2006 in the Carolinas Communication Journal which is a peer-reviewed journal published by the Carolinas Communication Association. d. One that was mentioned in a 2006 textbook on interpersonal communication.

b. One published in 2005 in the Journal of Applied Communication Research which is a peer-reviewed journal published by the National Communication Association.

Which type of research is meant for public consumption and can be found in peer-reviewed journal articles? a. Proprietary Research b. Scholarly Research

b. Scholarly Research

Picking every nth name from a list of potential participants is an example of which type of sampling method? a. Cluster Sampling b. Systematic Sampling c. Stratified Sampling d. Purposive Sampling

b. Systematic Sampling

Which type of hypothesis is this example: There is a difference between COMM majors and non-COMM majors with respect to amount of communication apprehension. a. Null Hypothesis b. Two-Tailed (Nondirectional) Hypothesis c. One-Tailed (Directional) Hypothesis

b. Two-Tailed (Nondirectional) Hypothesis

Imagine you want to know the opinions of all undergraduate Communication majors in the state of California about their experiences taking COMM courses. Which of the following is the best example of the sampling frame for this study? a. Three-hundred and fifty (n=350) Communication major students who completed the survey. b. All undergraduate Communication majors in the sate of California. c. None of these. d. The Communication Departments at three local Community Colleges in Los Angeles County who were contacted to participate in the study.

d. The Communication Departments at three local Community Colleges in Los Angeles County who were contacted to participate in the study.

Qualitative research: a. Embraces a naturalistic, interpretive paradigm b. Is best used when there is not much previously known about a topic c. Is concerned with generalizing to a wider population d. Represents and explains objective reality with the overarching goal of simplifying, organizing, predicting, and controlling human behavior e. A and B f. All of the above

e. A and B (Embraces a naturalistic, interpretive paradigm, Is best used when there is not much previously known about a topic)

Communication researchers: a. Attempt to solve problems and answer questions associated with the exchange of information between human beings d. Conduct scholarly research that has little bearing on the real world c. Study parts of the observable world that are distinct from human beings d. Study the conveyance of meaning e. A and D f. None of the above

e. A and D

Applied research: a. Can often be found in journals and texts b. Develops theory c. Is primary research conducted by communication scholars d. Tests theory in the field to see if it's practical in real life e. A, C, and D f. None of the above

e. A, C, and D (Can often be found in journals and texts, Is primary research conducted by communication scholars, Tests theory in the field to see if it's practical in real life)

Health Communication scholars are experts in: a. Customs b. Faith play c. Role and tradition d. None of the above e. All of the above

e. All of the above

_______ is plagiarism. a. Forgetting to use in-text citations b. Using a direct quote without including a page number c. Using someone's exact words without using quotation marks d. Using someone's words without giving them credit e. All of the above

e. All of the above

"A dog's mouth is cleaner than a human's" or when you cross the equator "toilets flush in the opposite direction" are examples used to describe______. a. A priori b. Autonomy c. Epistemology d. Hypothetical experiment e. None of the above

e. None of the above

Where do communication researchers study? a. Businesses and organizations b. Health care c. Interpersonal interactions d. Media e. C and D f. All of the above

f. All of the above