COMM-Midterm

Unlike verbal communication, nonverbal communication is ________.

Continuous

___________meaning is a word's explicit meaning, the one that directly comes to mind when used by a specific speech community. ___________meaning is a word's more implicit, usually emotionally or culturally enriched meaning.

Denotative/connotative

Which of the following is an example of a cultural rule that shapes our nonverbal communication?

Distance when speaking

Shaking your head "no" is an example of what type of gesticulation?

Emblem

________ is the public self-image that every member of a culture wants to claim for her or himself.

Face

__________ is how we structure a message by using nonverbal communication to repeat, complement, contradict, substitute for, and regulate what we say.

Framing

___________ conflict occurs when people acknowledge incompatibility in the individual outcomes they hold for a given plan or action.

Goal

___________ space is most likely to be employed between two roommates engaged in casual conversation.

Personal

You are a diligent student and want your professor to know this, so during each class, as you participate in every discussion, asking a lot of questions, you sit in the front row. You are employing which form of nonverbal communication to complement your message?

Proxemics

Gestures to help the flow of speech, for example, raising your hand in class are _______.

Regulators

We use small talk to connect us to others in an initial encounter. This is an example of the __________ function of language

Relational

Reality is not reflected in what we say; it is created, by what we say is a fundamental tenet of __________ Theory.

Relational Dialects

___________ occurs when you intentionally reveal information about yourself.

Self-disclosure

___________ is the mutual and simultaneous exchange of feedback, typically subtly and nonverbally, that ensures the efficient transaction of meaning making between speaker and listener.

Sender-receiver reciprocity

Languages such as Spanish and German differentiate between male and female nouns. These are examples of languages that engage in the __________ of nouns

gendering

Emblems, adaptors, illustrators, affect displays, and regulators are all forms of __________.

gesticulations

Grapevine communication in the workplace can take the form of ______, where one person tells what he or she knows to many others.

gossip

Organizations are ________; their components interact continuously, not only with one another, but with the larger environment.

open systems

In interactions between people who don't know each other very well, communication is typically based on __________.

orientation

The four stages of relational development predicted by Social Penetration Theory are_________.

orientation, exploratory affective exchange, affective exchange, and stable exchange

You spill a soda on your copy of the campus newspaper, and as you try to read page 2 the images and words from page one bleed through, making it impossible to read anything at all. This is an example of _________ noise

physical

Your doctor is talking to you about adopting a healthier diet, but you are so tired from studying the night before that you simply cannot focus on what she's saying. This is an example of __________ noise.

physiological

The two types of face wants are ___________

positive and negative

Your sister turns to you and says, "Are you as hungry as I am? Why don't you come to lunch with me?" Her question is a good example of the operation of ___________ in language.

positive politeness

Hearing what you want to hear, biased listening, and errors in connotative meaning are all examples of _________ noise.

psychological

You are arguing with friends about political ideas but they will not listen to you or your ideas. This type of noise is ___________ noise.

psychological

Social Exchange Theory and the Investment Model of Commitment share a few ideas, among them the apparent similarity between Social Exchange Theory's CLALT and the Investment Model's _____________.

quality of alternatives

The order of a basic linear process of communication follows the pattern ______.

source > medium > receiver

It's at the _______ stage in group development that teams typically experience and handle conflict.

storming

When a relative at a family gathering asks you a ridiculous question you remain silent, later explaining that you simply refused to dignify the question with a response. You wanted the nonverbal code to ___________ your unspoken message.

substitute for

One reason we may be driven to reduce uncertainty when meeting somebody new is we may ___________; that is, we may perceive that that person will somehow be rewarding for us.

the norm of reciprocity

Sometimes you may not want to learn more about someone you have to deal with, but because you HAVE to deal with that person you work to reduce relational uncertainty. You are motivated by __________ to do so.

the prospect of future interaction

What distance range best defines personal space?

18-4

Which of the following is true of the systems theory?

All members of the system are constrained by their dependence on others

Which one of the following groups would most likely use the most formal group communication?

Army Unit

While all your roommates are laboring over their textbooks in preparation for tomorrow's exam, you conspicuously pull your e-reader from your backpack. You are employing which form of nonverbal communication to complement your message?

Artifacts

Why do most scholars categorize oculesics as a separate nonverbal code rather than simply categorize it as a form of facial expression?

Because they believe that the eyes, on their own, have significant power to communicate.

Which of the following sentences best demonstrates the metaphor of Argument as War?

He shot down all of my arguments

Your girlfriend frequently complains that even though you have a great time when alone, you really need to go out more with friends. This is an example of the tension that sometimes occurs in a relationship best described as the ______ dialectic.

Inclusion-Seclusion

Many nonverbal codes have universal meaning; among those that do not is ____________.

Kissing

_______ models of communication suggest that messages travel in a more or less straight line from a source, through a medium, to a receiver

Linear

The ___________ asserts that the language a speaker uses influences the way he or she thinks.

Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis

Your boyfriend frequently complains that although he loves your frankness, maybe sometime you might want to keep your thoughts about his mother to yourself. This is an example of the tension that sometimes occurs in a relationship best described as the ______ dialectic.

Openness-Closedness

A way to offer that feedback beyond those noncommittal responses is to ________.

ask clarifying questions

Your girlfriend has been on vacation for three weeks and never bothered to contact you—not even a postcard. So upon her return you explain how frustrated you are with her and then avoid taking her phone calls for two weeks. You are employing which form of nonverbal communication to complement your message?

Silence

__________ theory claims that people evaluate their relationships in a more-or-less rational manner to ensure that they maximize their relational rewards and minimize their relational costs.

Social Exchange

The assumption that relational progress is often systematic and predictable is central to __________ theory.

Social Penetration

___________ is the difference between most people's rate of speech and the rate at which they can cognitively process language

Spare-brain time

__________ is a commonly recognized way that nonverbal communication frames verbal communication?

Substitution

___________ is the occurrence and ordering of words and sounds to convey an intended meaning

Syntax

What is ultimately the function of language?

To make meaning

Which model represents the most contemporary view of the communication process?

Transactional

Offering appropriate feedback is an example of being a _________ listener.

Transactive

Communication is about mutual meaning making. It is also transactional and ___________.

a process

The type of model described in #8 can be described as ________ model of communication because it views the success of the communication effort as primarily within the sender's control

a source dominated

Language signifying concepts, qualities, or ideas is __________.

abstract language

Affective Conflict occurs when people acknowledge ______________.

an incompatibility of emotions and feelings

Globalization typically prevents ________.

an organization closing itself off to outside ideas and technology

First impressions are typically based on ___________.

appearance

Both verbal and nonverbal communication is composed of _______ symbols to which we give meaning, and we, in turn, behave according to those meanings.

arbitrary

An effective way to provide feedback when you are listening is to offer ___________, noncommittal responses such as "Hmm," "Yeah," "I see," and "Interesting."

backchannel cues

We typically use euphemisms because we wish to obey which rule of pragmatic competence?

be polite

When listeners prejudge a speaker or a topic as either old-news, boring, overly complex, or unimportant, __________ is likely to occur.

biased listening

You and your partner are quite comfortable with one another but occasionally seek to liven things up, even going as far as to pick up on a moment's notice and take a road trip to a place you've never been. You are dealing with the ___________dialectic.

certainty-uncertainty

You want to buy Teflon-coated pans for your new kitchen, convinced of their convenience, but your partner insists that the coating is bad for your health, having recently read a study in a respected science magazine. To your surprise, this disagreement grows into a full-on argument. You are experiencing ___________ conflict.

cognitive

Essential to the idea of the transactional view of communication is that ___________.

communication changes the communicators

The difference in the English language between the words home and house is actually a difference in ___________.

connotative meaning

Culture is the world made meaningful. It is socially __________ through communication.

constructed and maintained

__________ listening happens when we need to make a decision based on the information offered us, that is, when we want to evaluate or analyze what's being said.

critical

The amount of time we give to our loved ones reflects not only the value we place on relational bonds, but the ___________ values as well.

culture's

The _________ leadership style typically encourages full and equal participation among individuals in the group.

democratic

The reason that the onion has become a common metaphor for how relationships develop is that relationships, like a halved onion, have ______ (how personal is the shared information) and _____ (the number of topics that can safely be discussed).

depth/breadth

The fact that we use communication to engage, manage, and disengage from relationships suggests that relationships _________.

develop

Nonverbal communication is typically __________ than verbal communication.

more honest

You're walking down the street in your state's capital city. You hear people with accents that seem quite at home there, but you also hear folks talking with a decidedly different accent. You instantly know they're visitors to your state. This is an example of culture's power to _______.

differentiate

Pat and Mike both have different ideas on what they want to do for a date, but Mike said since he is driving, they are doing what he Mike's conflict resolution style seems to be ___________.

dominating

Those who claim to be "good listeners" but don't bother to practice good listening habits typically think that listening is __________.

easy, natural, and effortless

Your friend shows you a funny comic she drew for the school paper. You examine it, get the joke, and smile at her. You have, in other words, successfully _________ her message

encoded

"I don't procrastinate; I'm just better at doing work under pressure!" is an example of the use of ___________.

euphemism

You and your fellow crewmates are new to sailing, so trusting her knowledge and experience, you quite willingly follow the orders of the boat's skipper, a 20-year sailing veteran. In other words, she is exercising ________ power over you.

expert

Your project partner insists on twirling her hair and swaying back and forth while she's talking, making it difficult for you to focus on what she has to say about her portion of the work. This ______ noise interferes with __________ component of the HURIER model.

external distraction/the hearing

A particularly counterproductive style is that of ________, know-it-alls who automatically write off topics or people as irrelevant or uninteresting. Social convention, however, requires that they at least look like they are listening.

fakers

Your instructor calls you by name before class and asks you to see her when the session is over. She says she need to talk to you about..., well, you really don't remember what she said because you heard nothing after "Please see me..." "Please see me...." were _________, hot-button words that carry so much emotion that they cloud reason and impact listening behavior

green-flag words

The battle of egos in your study group has become so bad that nothing is getting done and you are forced to report to your professor that your group will not meet the requirements of the assignment and must be dissolved. Your group has suffered

group breakdown

When some voices in a group were suppressed because of pressure from others, resulting in a lack of thoughtful examination of the assigned task, the group failed, in part, because it suffered ________.

groupthink

The nonverbal act of looking downwards and avoiding eye contact may well be a sign of _________.

guilt

Which of the following is a common misconception about hearing?

hearing and listening is the same thing.

The levels of power within an organization represent its ________.

hierarchal structure

Army recruiters go into a high school and assemble groups of students to talk about the options available to young recruits fresh out of school. These are examples of ______ groups.

information-presentation

Fakers, dependent listeners, and _______ are examples of counterproductive listening styles.

interrupters

___________ power is based primarily on a leader's status

legitimate

Russell Wilson is a great NFL quarterback. His teammates listen to him, right or wrong. He gives them a look that says, "This'll work. Follow me." He possesses_____ power.

referent

Your friend just broke up with her significant other and is feeling very upset. She calls you and starts to talk about what went wrong. You do your best to comfort her and listen to what she has to say. You're practicing _________ listening.

relational

______ are active organizations of past reactions or of past experiences

schemas

Perception requires all the following processes: organization, interpretation, and ___________.

selection

Your professor is giving a lecture but uses technical jargon throughout the entire lecture confusing the class so no one knows what is going on. This is an example of ______ noise.

semantic

A ___________ is something that signals the presence of something specific; that is, it is more or less an objective substitute for that thing

sign

A stop sign is a stop sign—rather than a stop symbol—because it is a more-or-less ________ substitution for something else, in this case, an official order to stop your car.

sign/symbol

Andrew talks to his friends using abbreviated words and does not always use correct grammar, but when their professor joins their conversation they all speak with more attention to proper grammar. This switch is an example of language having ____________ meaning.

situational

One thing that relationships give us is _________, the knowledge that there are people who share our values and interests.

social integration