Communications Final Exam

Individuals in a satisfying romantic relationship maintain what ratio of positive to negative behaviors, according to Gottman?

5:1

Having the attitude or belief that emphasizes organization and precision best describes what listening style?

Action-oriented

What is the correct order of the listening responses from most active to most passive?

Advising, empathizing, backchanneling, stonewalling

When Jorge proposed to Janie, she put her hand on her heart to signal how much she loved him. Which type of gesture was she enacting?

Affect display

What is not a major area in which touch plays a critical role in conveying meaning?

Argumentation

Verbal and nonverbal behaviors that people use to express their faithfulness and commitment to others constitutes which type of relationship maintenance behavior?

Assurances

Using facial expressions and verbal statements such as "I understand" to let the speaker know you are paying attention is an example of what type of listening responses?

Backchanneling

When a manicurists touches Suzi's hands while giving her a manicure, which type of touch is Suzi receiving?

Caregiving

____________ ____ is the tendency not to listen to anything with which you disagree.

Confirmation bias

Friendships between co-workers can be challenging for what reason?

Conflict between social and task dimensions of the relationship

What is not one of the rewards associated with being in a social relationship?

Egocentric

Which type of listening involves trying to understand a situation from the speaker's perspective?

Empathetic listening

All marriages are based on love when they begin.

False

Equivocation is language that articulates your true intentions without being strategically ambiguous.

False

Glazing over is the same thing as pseudolistening.

False

In social relationships, difference is always more attractive than similarity.

False

Researchers suggest that attractiveness is judged much differently across cultures. (in other words, beauty is in the eye of the beholder.)

False

Romantic relationships typically are characterized by lower interdependence than friendships.

False

The realistic expectation of what is wanted and deserved in a relationship is known as the comparison level for alternatives.

False

The rebuttal tendency is an effective listening strategy because it requires the listener to pay close attention to the speaker's message to formulate a rebuttal.

False

To be a good empathetic listener, it is important to offer advice, even if you are not asked.

False

To maintain relationships, it is important not to share social networks, because that tends to create jealousy.

False

Verbal communication is usually perceived as more believable than nonverbal communication.

False

Written messages are not a type of verbal communication.

False

Nonword sounds such as "umm" or "uh" are called ______ words.

Filler

Understanding probability is crucial for being a good critical listener. Evaluate the following messages and identify which one is true.

For a message to be possible, it must have only the slightest chance of being true

The study of haptics concerns:

How we use touch

Good communications take responsibility for their own thoughts and feelings by using:

I-statements

What most accurately reflects how culture affects listening behavior?

In individualistic cultures, people tend to think of time as something that can be saved or spent("time is money") and listeners tend to be impatient when speakers do not get to the point.

Assigning meaning to what we hear illustrates what element of the HURIER model of effective listening?

Interpreting

What is not a part of the definition of listening?

It occurs automatically

Turning your posture away from the person you're speaking to, as a signal that you want to end the conversation, is called ____ ___________.

Left positioning

What is not a characteristic of nonverbal communication?

Nonverbal communication is the secondary means of communicating emotion

According to the text, all of the following influence the messages that artifacts convey except:

Number of objects

Which one of these needs is not discussed in you book as being met by Communication?

Nutritional

The study of smell is called _________.

Olfactics

What characteristic is most salient to interpersonal attraction?

Personal appearance, proximity, complementarity, similarity

What vocal behavior is an index of how high or low a voice sounds?

Pitch

In class, Charyn cannot keep her mind off her problems at work. Instead of skipping class, she attends and pretends to listen to the professor's lecture. Charyn is experiencing which barrier to effective listening?

Pseudolistening

This form of sexual harassment happens when a supervisor offers an employee rewards in exchange for sexual favors.

Quid pro quo

To be a good empathetic listener when someone is grieving, it is not advisable to do what?

Remind the grieving person the she or he must stay strong

What illustrates the idea that language shapes our views of reality by influencing the ways that various cultures see the world?

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

_________ _________ occurs when someone listens only to the part of the message that she or he wants to hear and ignores the rest.

Selective attention

Three behaviors that systematically change when people attempt to deceive are:

Smiling, eye blinking, pupil dilation

Attraction to someone's personality is known as:

Social attraction

The two characteristics that contribute most to facial attractiveness are:

Symmetry and proportionality

_________ is the convergence of two people's nonverbal behaviors.

Synchrony

According to equity theory, what describes a good relationship?

The ratio of costs to rewards is equal for both people.

What phrase correctly defines oculesics?

The study of eye behavior

What is not a characteristic of friendships?

They last a lifetime

_____ is the first of the five senses to develop in humans.

Touch

According to a study by Huston and colleagues, the more affection spouses communicated to each other during their first 2 years of marriage, the more likely they were to still be married 13 years later.

True

Having good friends helps keep us healthy because friends help us manage stress and look out for our welfare.

True

Libel refers to defamatory statements made in print or some other fixed medium, such as a photograph or a motion picture, whereas slander is a defamatory statement that is simply made aloud.

True

Monogamy means being romantically or sexually involved with only one person at a time.

True

Obsessive relational intrusion (ORI) most often occurs in relationships in which the two partners are equally invested in each other.

True

People seek to maintain relationships that are more beneficial than costly.

True

Research indicates that a person's name can carry implicit meaning about his or her goodness or desirability.

True

Research indicates that facial expressions of our most basic emotions are interpreted similarly around the world.

True

Researchers found that women score themselves higher on people-oriented listening and men score themselves higher on content-oriented listening.

True

The circumscribing stage is characterized by a decrease in the quality and the quantity of communication in a romantic relationship.

True

The use of time conveys meaning about value and power.

True

We communicate more through nonverbal behavior than we do through our words.

True

Uncertainty reduction theory posits what?

Uncertainty in unpleasant and through communication we seek to reduce uncertainty.

According to the predicted outcome value theory, what is true?

When we do not like what we learn about someone during an initial conversation, we are likely to predict negative outcomes for future interaction and, therefore, will not be motivated to get to know the person better. When we like someone during initial interaction, we predict positive outcomes and will want to get to know the person better.

Words can have more than one meaning. This illustrates that language is:

ambiguous

Sophie really wants a new bike, so she first asks her mom for a new car, thinking that will increase the likelihood that her mom will buy her a new bike. This strategy is known as:

anchor-and-contrast

What is not one of the three elements in Ogden and Richard's Semantic Triangle?

article

The behaviors that signal our lack of interest in another person are _________ _________.

avoidance behaviors

According to _____________ _______ __________ Theory, in a romantic relationship, partners jointly own information about their problems.

communication privacy management

We can be attracted to others who are different from ourselves if their differences are perceived as _____________, or beneficial to ourselves.

complementary

The dictionary definition of a word is its __________ meaning, whereas the implication of that word is its ___________ meaning.

denotative, connotative

What term is defined as a vague, mild expression that symbolizes something more blunt or harsh?

euphemism

Most potential relationships tend to end at which stage of Knapp's Relational Stage Model?

experimenting

The first stage of effective listening, according to the HURIER model, is _______.

hearing

According to Gottman's research, which type of couple is characterized by engaging in frequent conflict episodes that include personal attacks and criticism?

hostile

The idea that our actions influence other people's lives as much as they influence our own is known as:

interdependence

The idea that we can only conceive of something if we have a word for it is known as __________ ___________.

linguistic determinism

Regarding the relationship between hearing and listening, _________ is a passive process, whereas _______ is an active process.

listening; hearing

The theory that says that each of us is born with a desire to seek, form, and maintain social relationships is ____-__-______ ______.

need-to-belong theory

A word whose sound imitates its meaning is an example of ____________.

onomatopoeia

The dialectical tension that captures the desire for disclosure and honesty as well as the desire for privacy is known as:

openness-closedness

Which rule relates to the corrects pronunciation of a word?

phonological

Relationships between superiors and subordinates can be complicated because they include a _____ difference that co-worker relationships generally do not.

power

Novelty is in dialectical tension with ______________.

predictability

Johann and his partner, Cris, go out to dinner and see a movie every Friday night. This routine is beginning to bore Johann but provides stability that Cris values. Which dialectical tension are Johann and Cris experiencing?

predictability-novelty

Repetitive behaviors that have special meaning for a family are known as:

rituals

Cognitive models of what a marriage is and should be are called martial ________.

schemata

________ rules allow an individual to connect the word "laptop" with "computer."

semantic

According to Fitzpatrick's research, in which type of couple do spouses take culturally conventional approach to marriage but are relatively autonomous?

separates

According to Fitzpatrick's research, which type of couple is most likely to avoid conflict?

separates

The statement "Nine out of ten dentists agree that chewing Brand X gum after a sugary snack helps fight tooth decay" is an example of what persuasion techniques?

social validation

A romantic relationship is __________ when the partners are "going through the motions" of a relationship that is no longer satisfying.

stagnating

Because language is ________, each word represents a particular object or idea, but it does not constitute the object or idea itself.

symbolic

Which type of rule governs the ordering of words within phrases?

syntactic

According to Gottman, couples who talk openly about disagreements and stay calm throughout conflict episodes are called __________ couples.

validating

The _________ ______ occurs when shocking and dramatic events distort and individual's perception of reality.

vividness effect

The idea that romantic relationships occur between individuals who choose to be together is best described by what characteristic?

voluntariness

Because friendships are _________, we choose our friends and they choose us.

voluntary

Terms or phrases that are intended to mislead listeners by implying something that they don't actually say are known as ______ _____.

weasel words