Communications Final Exam

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True or False: All process speeches are suitable for demonstration.

False

When a person uses words like "mumbles," "whispers," "blusters," or "drones," instead of "speaks in a weird way," the person is most likely using _________ language.

Concrete

True or False: The main role of feedback is to avoid noise.

False

True or False: The most compelling persuasive messages appeal to ethos and pathos rather than logos.

False

To be perceived as a competent communicator, we must display _________.

Social ease

True or False: The overall intent of a speech is known as the general goal.

True

In a narrative speech, a third-person voice is most likely used when

a speaker describes what has happened to other people.

_________ helps reduce anxiety by replacing anxiety-arousing negative self-talk with anxiety-reducing positive self-talk.

Cognitive restructuring

A(n) _____ occurs when the alleged cause fails to produce the effect.

false cause

True or False: To achieve linguistic sensitivity, only superior dialects must be used.

False

_____ refers to seeing a speech situation as an opportunity to talk with several people about a topic that is important to the speaker and the audience.

A communication orientation

A subconscious approach that draws on previous experience to make sense of what we are encountering is defined as _________.

Automatic processing

The _________ processes of listening are related to responding with verbal and nonverbal feedback.

Behavioral

A(n) _________ relationship is one in which the partners are not sexually attracted to each other or do not act on an attraction they feel.

In the context of intellectually stimulating speeches, _____ involves going into more detail than people's general knowledge of a topic

_____ is how we interpret the use of time.

Chronemics

_____ illuminate a point by showing similarities, whereas _____ highlight differences.

Comparisons; contrasts

The term _____ refers to attributing behavior to a cause that is under someone's control.

Dispositional attribution

_________ is a selfish interest in one's own needs to the exclusion of everything else.

Egocentricity

_____ are textual images that symbolize the sender's mood or facial expressions.

Emoticons

When we experience an emotional response parallel to another person's actual or anticipated display of emotion, it is termed _____.

Empathic responsiveness

True or False: A monotone is achieved by changing pitch, volume, and rate; stressing certain words; and using pauses strategically.

False

_________ is the ability to adjust your communication to fit the other person and the situation.

Flexibility

_________ communication refers to online interactions in which senders have a greater capacity to strategically manage their self-presentation.

Hyperpersonal

_________ language aids in achieving linguistic sensitivity.

Inclusive

How we communicate is a(n) _________ or measure of the emotional temperature of our relationship at the time.

Index

_________ leadership roles are the sets of behaviors that help a group develop and maintain cohesion, commitment, and positive working relationships.

Maintenance

_________ is the addition of sex, race, age, or other group designations to a description.

Marking

_____ refers to using more than one medium to maintain relationships.

Media multiplexity

_________ refers to how much and what kinds of information can be transmitted via a particular channel.

Media richness

A karate instructor looked at his new batch of students and automatically recognized that there were three girls and six boys. In this case, the karate instructor:

Organized the stimuli by pattern.

Communication is _________.

Purposeful

_________ are words or phrases that connect pieces of supporting material to the main point or subpoint they address.

Signposts

_________ refers to nonstandard vocabulary and nonstandard definitions assigned to words by a social group or co-culture.

Slang

Sara's family members include her father, mother, and two brothers. They meet every weekend for dinner. When they meet, they talk about each other and discuss everything that happened during the week. In this case, Sara's family members are involved in _____.

Small-group communications

_________ refer to the rules for combining words to form sentences.

Syntax and grammar

_________ credibility refers to the perception of a speaker's expertise at the end of a speech.

Terminal

A content paraphrase focuses on

The denotative meaning of a message.

_________ are words, phrases, or sentences that show the relationship between main points in the body of a speech.

Transitions

Linguistic sensitivity is achieved

When words that indicate racial distinctions are avoided.

In the context of public speaking, when we have _________, we believe we must impress a hypercritical audience with our knowledge and delivery.

a performance orientation

A speech is said to be _________ when the audience feels you are talking with them.

conversational

Pedro is giving a speech on robotics. He begins his speech by stating that a robot is a machine that can carry out simple and complex actions. In the given scenario, Pedro is most likely defining a robot by its _____.

function

The specific goal of a speech

identifies the desired response a speaker wants from the target audience.

Alex Mises, a band that consists of people who share a common love for jazz music, performs at live shows every month. The band comes together and practices every weekend. In this scenario, Alex Mises is most likely a(n) _____.

interest group

Which of the following is true of target audience members who are uninformed about a speaker's topic? a. They do not possess the basic information they need about the topic. b. They are more likely to be in favor than opposed. c. They are more likely to be opposed than in favor. d. They feel that the topic is not relevant to them.

Which of the following stages of group development is characterized by increased collaboration, cohesion, motivation, and trust to achieve the group goal? a. Forming b. Storming c. Norming d. Adjourning

Which of the following statements defines phonology? a. The implicit additional meaning people associate with a word b. The study of a unique form of language spoken by a specific group of people c. The sounds used to pronounce words d. The study of word origins and root words

Audrey is preparing a speech for a group of students who prefer to learn through the doing dimension. In this scenario, which of the following is the most effective method Audrey can use to appeal to her audience's learning style? a. Using visual aids while presenting b. Including concrete, vivid images, examples, stories, and testimonials c. Including definitions, explanations, and statistics d. Encouraging the audience to perform a relevant activity

Which of the following statements is true of service groups? a. Service groups refrain from praising member accomplishments. b. The size of a service group is limited to five members. c. The members of service groups are encouraged to share highly personal information. d. Service groups are voluntary and task-oriented.

Which of the following strategies will most likely help a listener paraphrase a message effectively?a. Focusing on multiple details at the same time b. Empathizing with the feelings and attitudes of the speaker c. Sending a feedback cue that will be encouraging to the speaker d. Noticing the images and feelings experienced from the message

n the context of public speaking, which of the following is an effective strategy to develop speaking notes? a. Typing the entire text of the speech on multicolored note cards b. Using as many note cards as possible c. Omitting any statistical information and examples d. Writing the notes in lettering large enough to be seen instantly at a distance

_________ meaning comes from understanding a message related to its conversational context.

Pragmatic

In the context of active listening, which of the following techniques will help listeners improve their attending skills?

Resisting mental distractions

To improve the chances of successfully sending nonverbal messages, individuals should

Adapt their nonverbal messages to the situation.

Lucia traveled from the United States to Kwan Islands. When she went to a restaurant, she expected to find a full breakfast on the menu, but she was disappointed because only a few restaurants served a full breakfast. In this scenario, Lucia's disappointment is due to _____.

Assumed similarity

In a speech, Lena efficiently uses rich adjectives and adverbs. She also uses descriptive words and expressions. In this scenario, which of the following will be an effect of Lena's speech? a. Her speech will create a distance between her and her audience. b. Her speech will encourage her audience to look up definitions during the speech. c. Her speech will sustain the interest of her audience. d. Her speech will help her audience to preview the main points.

In the context of active listening, which of the following statements is true of paraphrasing? a. It is an exact repetition of what the speaker has said. b. It causes the listener to focus on only the first part of the speaker's message. c. It becomes necessary when communicating long and complex messages. d. It is the listener's effort to empathize with the speaker's point of view.

n which of the following situations will the usage of slang or jargon improve semantics? a. When the occasion demands familiar language b. When the slang or jargon applies only to one sex or race c. When the meaning of the slang or jargon is already defined d. When the occasion demands language that appeals to the senses

Stacey is married to Collins. Stacey is an outspoken person who shares details about everything that happens during the day with her husband. In return, she expects Collins to reciprocate her openness. However, Collins tends to keep things to himself and does not want to share much with Stacey. In this scenario, which of the following is a direct strategy that Collins can adopt to maintain his privacy? a. Practice strategic ambiguity b. Change the subject as a sign that he does not want to disclose information c. Mask his emotions instead of sharing information d. Establish a personal boundary

Which of the following instances best exemplifies the use of primary research? a. Clara cites a survey conducted by a leading research hospital in her speech. b. Deb paraphrases an excerpt from the biography of Martin Luther King Jr. in her speech. c. Lima uses a quote from the most recent U.S. Census for her speech. d. Jackson reports data from the survey he conducted for his speech

Which of the following statements is true of listening apprehension? a. It helps one in attentively focusing on a message. b. It is negatively correlated with the complexity of a message. c. It is reduced when a message is ambiguous or difficult. d. It may increase when one worries about misinterpreting a message.

True or False: Brainstorming is a process of evaluating new ideas.

False

True or False: Direct eye contact is universally considered appropriate.

False

True or False: When we cross into an unfamiliar cultural environment, we should assume that everything about the unfamiliar culture will be different from our own.

False

The term _____ refers to the inaccurate attempt to make several perceptions about another person agree with each other.

Forced consistency

Laura said to Adam, "I need a few suggestions regarding work." Then, she added, "I need suggestions on how to compute a quarterly report of the new sales team." In this scenario, Laura uses _____.

Specific language

For a word to have meaning, it must

Stand for a particular object, idea, or feeling.

As secondary sources of information, periodical articles are excellent sources of

current or highly specialized information about a topic.

_____ is an educated guess about a cause-and-effect relationship between two or more things.

A hypothesis

In highly _________ cultures, men and women are expected to adhere to traditional gender roles and behaviors.

Masculine

_____ is the use of words that sound like the things they stand for.

Onomatopoeia

_____ refers to a question asked to determine or judge whether something is right, moral, good, or just.

Question of value

Simon is giving a speech on time management. He starts his speech by saying, "Each one of you must have had days when you had to race against time or performed inadequately due to lack of time. This speech should give you ideas on how to manage time." In this scenario, Simon's opening serves the purpose of

a listener relevance link.

In the context of systematic problem solving, _________ are standards or measures used for judging the merits of proposed solutions.

criteria

Assertiveness is typically valued in

cultures where direct communication is preferred.

Abe tells Madison, "I feel hurt when you stop talking to me." In this scenario, Abe is _____.

describing his feelings

In her speech at a science convention, Charlotte talks about diamonds in terms of their size, shape, weight, and color. In the given scenario, Charlotte is most likely using _____ as the method of informing her audience.

description

n the context of the stages of group development, _________ is characterized by increased cohesion, collaboration, trust, and motivation to achieve a group goal.

norming

A _________ question is one that does not require an overt response from an audience.

rhetorical

To adapt to virtual audiences during public speaking, you should not

say anything to one specific audience that you would not want to broadcast to a wider audience.

John is a passionate sailor. When describing his experiences to someone, he says, "The ocean can be wild and temperamental. You have to treat her with respect, listen to her moods, and she will treat you fairly." In this scenario, John is using _____.

personification

In the context of paralanguage, _____ is the variety, melody, or inflection in one's voice.

Intonation

A technologically mediated communication channel

uses acronyms to stand in for common phrases.

Which of the following is an example of netiquette? a. Being respectful b. Engaging in ethnocentrism c. Typing elaborate messages d. Checking email during a meeting

Which of the following is an indirect strategy to maintain privacy in communication? a. Changing the subject b. Establishing a personal boundary c. Praising positive behavior d. Giving constructive criticism

Which of the following should be done by the participants of a meeting when they think an idea is not fully discussed in the meeting?a. Be willing to voice disagreement b. Avoid topics that are not discussed c. Perform a supportive role by not prolonging the discussion d. Only monitor their overall contributions

Which of the following methods of informing focuses on how something is similar to and different from other things? a. Demonstration b. Comparison and contrast c. Narration d. Exposition and description

The sales team at Rue and West Bros., a logistics company, successfully met its profit targets for the current fiscal year. Therefore, the CEO of the company set a new target for the sales team for the next financial year. In this scenario, the sales team is most likely in the _____ stage of group development.

transforming

Passive or passive-aggressive communication styles are most likely

used by women who have been socialized to embrace feminine gender norms.

The term "_____" refers to the language used to reduce the psychological distance between a speaker and the audience.

verbal immediacy

Which of the following is a characteristic of communication? a. Communication can happen without a purpose. b. Communication ends when a person interprets your message. c. Once an exchange takes place, it is irreversible. d. Messages are interpreted in the same way across all settings.

Which of the following is a similarity between mass, public, and small-group communication? a. They all are forms of intrapersonal communication. b. They all occur only in face-to-face settings. c. They all involve communicating with more than two people. d. They all are devoid of nonverbal contextual clues.

Which of the following statements is true of the differences between interpersonal and intrapersonal communication? a. Interpersonal communication occurs nonverbally, whereas intrapersonal communication does not occur nonverbally. b. Interpersonal communication is delivered through mass media, whereas intrapersonal communication occurs within a group. c. Interpersonal communication occurs between two people, whereas intrapersonal communication takes place only in our minds. d. Interpersonal communication occurs between two people with a high level of intimacy, whereas intrapersonal communication can occur between any two people regardless of intimacy.

True or False: Symmetrical feedback signals agreement about who is in control.

False

True or False: We are more likely to self-monitor when we are familiar with a situation.

False

Marsha and Rachel went shopping for clothes. Marsha bought a new pair of jeans. The following day, Marsha, Rachel, and Markus met for coffee. Upon seeing Marsha in her new jeans, Rachel exclaimed, "Oh! You wore the new ones." Marsha nodded and smiled, but Markus had no idea what they were talking about. In this scenario, Markus did not understand the meaning of "the new ones" because he did not know the _____ of their communication.

Historical context

In the context of the communication context, the _____ includes the environmental conditions surrounding a communication encounter.

Physical context

A _____ is an inaccurate perception of a skill, characteristic, or situation that leads to behaviors that perpetuate that false perception as true.

Self-fulfilling prophecy

_________ is the overall view we have of ourselves, which includes both self-concept and self-esteem.

Self-perception

The term _____ refers to attributing behavior to a cause that is beyond someone's control.

Situational attribution

Unlike intrapersonal communication, mass communication

is delivered to large segments of the population.

The process of collecting data through fieldwork observations is referred to as _____.

ethnography

In the context of systematic problem solving, a _________ refers to a formal written statement describing a problem.

problem definition

In the context of strategies to manage dialectical tensions, _________ is the strategy of changing one's perception about the level of tension.

reframing

Kate tells her son Ben to tidy his room. Ben, who does not like the task, agrees to it but mumbles under his breath and makes a face. Ben's response is an example of _____.

Feedback

Which of the following statements is true of using statistical information in research work? a. Statistics should be used to show comparisons. b. One can use statistics that are up to five years old. c. The greater the number of statistical figures in a report, the greater its accuracy. d. Any statistics that include an author's name are reliable.

In the context of haptics, identify a true statement about touch. a. Touching behavior is the same across cultures. b. The degree of touching behavior that is considered appropriate varies with situations. c. All individuals like to be touched. d. Frequent touching behavior is considered normal across all cultures.

In the context of the fundamental organizational patterns used for a speech, identify a true statement about topical order. a. It arranges the main points in sequence or by steps in a process. b. It conveys the main points through a story or series of stories c. It arranges the main points using logical relationships among them. d. It structures the main points as reasons for accepting a thesis as desirable.

Lisa is in the process of improving her listening skills. She has improved her attending skills. Which of the following should Lisa do to improve her understanding skills? a. She should neglect the pragmatic meaning and focus on the semantic meaning of a message. b. She should memorize and repeat all that she has heard. c. She should paraphrase the speaker's message in her own words. d. She should take notes while listening to a conversation.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the credibility of a speaker? a. Credibility is enhanced if a speaker quotes an international scholar with limited name recognition rather than a well-known local expert. b. Credibility remains unchanged throughout a speaker's speech. c. A highly persuasive speaker has greater terminal credibility than initial credibility. d. A speaker will have low initial credibility if the audience knows about his or her expertise before the speech.

________ are complete sentences that show the relationship between and bridge major parts of a speech.

Section transitions

During class, Adam could not concentrate on the lecture because he was thinking of a movie that he had watched the previous night. In this scenario, Adam is distracted because of _____.

Psychological noise

In the context of communication settings, _____ is delivered to audiences of more than 20 people.

Public communication

When low-context communicators interact with high-context communicators, the former should

Remember that gestures will probably be more important than verbal messages.

_____ is defined as the evaluation we make about our personal worthiness based on our self-concept.

Self-esteem

Which of the following statements is true of bullying? a. Adolescents whose self-concepts are in transition are insusceptible to bullying. b. Bullying often leads to more accurate and definitive self-perceptions. c. The effects of bullying can have long-lasting effects on self-esteem. d. Children who are just forming their self-concepts and self-esteem are immune to bullying messages.

Catherine sometimes shares her feelings with Elaine or talks about a distressing situation. Elaine wants to appear supportive of Catherine and encourage her to talk openly with her. In this scenario, which of the following should Elaine do to be supportive? a. Give Catherine a lengthy recount of a similar situation that Elaine faced b. Tell Catherine what she wants to hear c. Make false statements to support Catherine d. Express acceptance instead of criticizing Catherine

True or False: An indirect verbal style is characterized by language that openly states a speaker's intention in a straightforward and unambiguous way.

False

True or False: Evaluating speeches has an overall negative impact on the speaker.

False

True or False: Generic language uses words that represent everyone in the audience.

False

True or False: Hearing and listening are synonymous with each other.

False

True or False: In the context of arguing from signs, signs bring about, lead to, or create the claim.

False

True or False: Inferences are statements whose accuracy can be verified as true.

False

A _____ focuses on the emotions attached to a message.

Feelings paraphrase

_________ can be best described as the way a group interacts to achieve its goal.

Group dynamics

_________ are references to an original source, made at the point in a speech where information from that source is presented.

Oral footnotes

During her job interview, when Sadie began to discuss her professional achievements, her vocal tone became higher. In the context of paralanguage, this change in her voice is best described as a change in _____.

Pitch

Craig is a brawny fifth grader. On the school bus, he always sits in the seat behind the driver. When any other student occupies that seat, he gets annoyed and bullies the student into sitting in another seat. This scenario exemplifies Craig's _____.

Territorial space

Which of the following is an effective strategy to demonstrate lengthy or complex processes? a. The material required for a complex process should be prepared ahead of time. b. Lengthy expositions should be used to explain a process. c. The use of audiovisual aids should be minimized. d. The demonstration should be done in a way that builds suspense.

Which of the following is the best way to evaluate the expertise of the author of an anonymous article on the Internet? a. By evaluating the qualifications of the organization sponsoring the article b. By finding out whether the author is young or old c. By finding out who read the article first on the Internet d. By comparing the article with another anonymous article on the Internet

Which of the following is one of the four primary goals achieved by an effective speech introduction? a. Devising a clincher b. Stating the thesis c. Developing vivid imagery d. Providing a reference list

Ella was bullied by one of her classmates on her first day of school. After this incident, she did not talk to anyone else at school. At home, when her mother asked her how she liked her classmates, Ella said, "All my friends are very mean!" Which of the following fallacies best illustrates this scenario? a. A hasty generalization b. A false cause c. An ad hominem argument d. An either/or fallacy

Which of the following is the quickest way to define something? a. By classification b. By using narration c. By using synonyms d. By etymology

Instead of only using the word "loyal," when a speaker adds, "I mean, he never criticizes friends behind their backs," he or she is using _________.

Descriptive details

_____ are best described as members of a group who are not officially designated as leaders but who help lead a group to achieve different leadership functions.

Informal emergent leaders

_____ listeners prefer brief and hurried conversations and often use nonverbal and verbal cues to signal that their partner needs to be more concise.

Time-oriented

True or False: A speech given in oral style is more formal than everyday talk.

True

Linguistic sensitivity can most likely be demonstrated by

choosing words that are respectful of others.

In the context of speech introductions, the term "_____" refers to the perception the audience has about the speaker's competence and character.

credibility

Calvin is preparing to give a speech in his personality development class. He wants to know the general attitudes of the members of his intended audience. However, he does not want to ask them directly because he wants his speech to be a surprise. He is also unsure if they will answer honestly. In this scenario, Calvin could obtain this information by _____.

informally observing them

Cassie had been a smoker for 40 years. She did not disclose this information to her family until she was diagnosed with lung cancer. In this scenario, after Cassie's revelation, this information moved into the _____ pane of her Johari window.

open

_________ is a method used to create an accurate, vivid, verbal picture of an object, geographic feature, setting, event, person, or image.

Description

_____ are driven by the values of enjoying life and having fun, whereas cultures that value restraint tend to suppress gratification based on a set of strict social norms.

Highly indulgent cultures

_____ are close personal friends with whom one shares a high degree of interdependence, commitment, disclosure, understanding, affection, and trust.

Intimates

_____ refers to how space and distance communicate.

Proxemics

_________ is an implied comparison between two unlike things, expressed without using "like" or "as."

Similie

_________ is a method of rapidly viewing a work to determine what is covered and how.

Skimming

In the context of the phases of public speaking apprehension, the _____ phase is the anxiety we experience before giving a speech.

anticipation

A(n) _____ is a word that has the opposite meaning of the word.

antonym

Which of the following statements is true of an effective work group team goal? a. It is a clearly stated objective desired by enough members to motivate the group to work toward achieving it. b. It is easily achievable because a work group does not require explicit member roles and rules. c. It is not specific and keeps changing depending on motivation levels. d. It is not shared as it does not serve a common purpose.

Which of the following statements is true of concrete language? a. It appeals to the senses. b. It uses words that impair semantic meaning. c. It is vague and unclear. d. It masks the speaker's true intentions.

Which of the following statements is true of personality-related group conflict? a. They are rooted in a power struggle between group members. b. They occur when group members who agree about something believe they disagree due to poor communication. c. They occur only when the conflicting issue is central to a group's goal. d. They do not occur in virtual groups.

Which of the following statements is true of slang? a. It can make a speech sound unprofessional. b. It is a word that has a universally accepted definition. c. It shares similar meanings across co-cultures or social groups. d. It can be used in oral but not in written speeches.

_____ is helping others feel better about themselves, their behavior, or their situation by creating a safe space to express their thoughts and feelings.

Comforting

_____ is a visual means of exploring connections between a subject and related ideas.

Concept mapping

_____ refers to emphasizing one person's relationship with another when doing so is not necessary to make the point.

Irrelevant association

Ronnie had a violin recital at his school. He played beautifully, but the acoustics in the room were so bad that only the people in the first few rows could hear him. This scenario is an example of failed communication because Ronnie did not take into account the _____ of communication.

Physical context

Unlike listening, hearing is a(n)

Physiological process.

_________ is restating words, phrases, or sentences for emphasis.

Repetition

While still learning to drive, Jane accidentally drove into another car. Although she survived the accident, Jane began to consider herself a poor driver. As a result, she stopped driving and has not driven since. In this scenario, it can be said that Jane's experience has affected her _____.

Self-perception

Smith keeps complaining that Amy, his roommate, is disorganized and leaves her belongings strewn across the room. One day, Amy finds a milk bottle on the floor and yells at Smith. In this scenario, Amy is most likely using a(n) _____ communication style.

aggressive

When a speech outline has been organized according to the principle of subordination, _____.

each major subpoint relates to or supports its major point

Streaming videos are an effective way of communicating the results of a problem-solving process when

everyone interested in the results cannot meet at the same time or in the same location.

In a debate, Laura states that corruption in the United States has decreased. She substantiates this claim by comparing the number of instances of bribery in the present year to that of the previous year. In this case, Laura is arguing from

example

In the context of the persuasive speech patterns, the _________ pattern is used to confirm propositions of fact by presenting the best-supported reasons in a meaningful order.

statement of reasons

_________ is satisfying the needs or accepting the opinions of one's partner while neglecting one's own needs or opinions.

Accommodating

________ is the study of the intended audience for a speech.

Audience analysis

_____ is a persuasive strategy of highlighting your competence, credibility, and good character to convince others to support your position.

Ethos

_________ is the process of critically analyzing a message to determine its truthfulness, utility, and trustworthiness.

Evaluating

_____ are defined as moments of silence strategically used to enhance meaning.

Pauses

People who experience situational communication apprehension

Have a short-lived feeling of anxiety during specific encounters.

James has to present a speech to the interns of his organization. He includes a lot of jokes to make his speech interesting. He is doubtful about how his audience will react to one of the jokes that he thinks is offensive. In this scenario, which of the following strategies should he adopt?

He should omit the joke from his speech.

_____ refers to online interaction in which senders have a greater capacity to strategically manage their self-presentation.

Hyperpersonal communication

Thomas is a senior sales manager at Rue and West Bros., a furniture company. The company received a series of complaints regarding the last few batches of delivery. The CEO of Rue and West Bros. sent an email to Thomas asking him to take care of the complaints immediately. In this scenario, which of the following replies would be considered an idiom

I'll sort the complaints at the drop of a hat.

Dawson and Emily go to the same high school. Emily is very attractive and outgoing. On seeing her, Dawson assumes that she is also smart and popular. In this scenario, Dawson's assumption is an example of _____.

Implicit personality theory

Miriam stays in a dormitory with students from various ethnic groups. One of the students asks Miriam if she knows the way to the school canteen. Miriam looks confused because she identifies the canteen with the word "cafeteria." In this scenario, which of the following barriers to intercultural communication is Miriam facing?

Incompatible communication codes

_________ are based on the belief that traits and abilities are internal to the person and are universally applicable to all situations.

Independent self-perceptions

_________ refers to learning about a culture or co-culture by living or working with people whose cultural assumptions are different from yours.

Participant observation

_____ listening is the habitual and unconscious process of receiving messages.

Passive

_____ is a persuasive strategy of appealing to emotions to convince others to support your position.

Pathos

In the context of understanding a message, _____ occurs when we use everything we know about the sender and his or her circumstances to understand their feelings.

Perspective taking

In any language, _____ are arbitrarily chosen symbols used to represent thoughts and feelings.

Words

An advantage of leaders speaking with each participant prior to a meeting is that the leader will be able to

anticipate conflicts that might emerge during the meeting.

In the context of persuasive speaking, _____ means articulating a position with the support of logos, ethos, and pathos.

argument

Maria is a well-known celebrity. At an award ceremony, she was interviewed by journalists and reporters. Even though she had no time to prepare, she responded to their questions with witty statements. In this scenario, Maria's interview is an example of a(n) _____.

impromptu speech

Jim, a market researcher, has been asked to find additional information to analyze the issue of decreasing customer sales in a store. In this scenario, Jim can gather the relevant data by

interviewing experts.

Tom and Geert were in school together. Although they chose different career paths, they continue to meet each other every month. In this scenario, Tom and Geert are

involved in maintaining their relationship.

Michael Adams has been invited as a guest speaker in a seminar. Before his speech, the host of the seminar introduces him as "Mr. Adams, whose brother is famous TV anchor Steve Finch, is the seminar's guest speaker." In this case, the introduction given by the host of the seminar is an example of a(n) _____.

irrelevant association

The term "_____" refers to the unique technical terminology of a trade or profession that is not generally understood by outsiders.

jargon

In the context of common informative speech types, lengthy expository speeches are known as _____.

lectures

Shelly and Lincoln have been married for two years. Shelly loves surprises, and she wants to throw a surprise party celebrating Lincoln's recent promotion at work. However, Lincoln is more schedule oriented, and Shelly is worried he will not welcome the surprise. In this scenario, the relational dialectics are exemplified in the form of the tug between _____.

novelty and predictability

In the Johari window, the _________ pane represents the information about an individual that both the individual and his or her partner know.

open

The term "_________" refers to the communication strategies used to keep a relationship operating smoothly and satisfactorily.

relational maintenance

Mimi and Rupert had been dating since college. One day, they had a big argument and broke up. However, they decided to remain friends and stay in touch. This scenario best exemplifies

relationship transformation.

Cognitive restructuring helps us reduce anxiety by

replacing anxiety-arousing negative self-talk with anxiety-reducing positive self-talk.

A _____ is an expression or example that grabs the audience's attention by shocking them in some way.a. startling statement

story

Alia, a professor of zoology, wants to use concept mapping for her speech at a seminar. In which of the following situations will that be effective? a. When there are several topics related to the subject of her speech b. When her speech contains only one central idea c. When there are no specific goal statements d. When her topic is too easy for the audience's level of understanding

As a conveyor of emotions, which of the following is true of nonverbal messages? a. They are the primary conveyor of emotions. b. They are secondary to verbal messages. c. They are always consistent with verbal messages. d. They convey less than 50 percent of our emotional messages.

Elsa frequently attends conferences and public meetings. She wants to be constructive while critiquing speakers. In this scenario, which of the following should Elsa do? a. Remark on what the speakers did well before offering suggestions for improvement b. Assert the superiority of her expertise c. Use "you" language while speaking to the speakers d. Provide generalized criticism rather than pointing specific parts that need improvement

Identify a true statement about communication. a. How messages are formed and interpreted depends on the cultural background of the participants. b. Communication is reversible and intermittent and does not necessarily require a purpose. c. The cultural influences of different groups of people have no effect on communication between participants. d. There is only one cultural standard that tells people exactly how to communicate in any given situation.

In the context of developing a relationship, which of the following occurs through disclosure and feedback? a. Uncertainty between individuals is reduced. b. Intimate and personal distance between individuals increases. c. Differences between individuals become unbearable. d. Ethnocentrism between individuals increases.

In the context of persuasive speaking, which of the following statements is true of evoking positive emotions in the audience? a. Audience members tend to listen to and think about proposals that make them happy. b. Audiences cannot be persuaded by positive emotions. c. Appealing to negative emotions tends to be more effective than appealing to positive emotions. d. Positive emotions are not accompanied by negative appeals.

In the context of process speeches that are not suited to demonstrations, which of the following is the most effective method to help the audience see the steps in the process? a. Using audiovisual aids b. Using narration c. Using comparison and contrast d. Using expository lectures

In the context of specific language, which of the following statements is true of using complex words in a speech? a. Complex words should be substituted for simple words only if they suit the specific context. b. Complex words are usually more precise and specific than simple words. c. Complex words in a specific language are difficult to choose when a speaker has a large vocabulary. d. Complex words usually do not appear pompous, affected, or stilted.

In the context of the relationship between language and meaning, which of the following is a guideline to improve pragmatics? a. Provide the right amount of information. b. Rationalize that you are protecting your listeners by telling partial truths. c. Avoid disclosing information when your message violates a guideline. d. Avoid repeatedly linking your messages to the purpose of the conversation.

Which of the following is a guideline for developing acquaintance relationships? a. Ask questions, listen carefully, and follow up on what has been said. b. Develop a self-centered focus rather than an other-centered focus. c. Share personal information about family and life. d. Strongly stress your points whenever there is a difference of opinion.

Which of the following is a guideline to be followed when using collaboration to resolve an interpersonal conflict? a. Find common ground. b. Avoid mental rehearsals of the impending conversation. c. Use a defensive response by emotionally disengaging. d. Avoid paraphrasing.

Which of the following is true of a language community? a. It refers to all people who understand a particular language. b. It refers to a mixture of people in a community who speak different languages. c. It only includes people in a large community who all pronounce the words of a language the same way. d. It only includes people in a large community who all use the same rules of grammar and syntax of a language.

Which of the following statements best defines people-oriented listeners? a. They focus on the feelings their conversational partners may have about what they are saying. b. They focus on the ultimate point the speaker is trying to make. c. They focus on and evaluate the facts and evidence presented by the speaker. d. They prefer brief and hurried conversations and often use nonverbal and verbal cues to signal that their partner needs to be more concise.

Which of the following statements is true of a preparation outline? a. It is the first draft of organizing the main points and supporting material into a speech outline. b. It is a draft of a speech with the introduction, body, and conclusion written in complete sentences. c. It is an outline of the introduction of a speech. d. It is an outline of a speech drafted in the form of questions

Which of the following statements is true of constructive criticism? a. It is based on empathy and a desire to make a person understand the impact of his or her behavior. b. It is offered without permission because it is constructive. c. It involves praising a person with no effort to make the person change his or her behavior. d. It is usually prefaced with a statement describing where a person went wrong.

Which of the following statements is true of males who embrace masculine gender norms? a. They tend to use an aggressive communication style. b. They tend to use a passive-aggressive communication style. c. They tend to use a passive communication style. d. They tend to use an assertive communication style.

Which of the following statements is true of the size of a work group team? a. The ideal size for most work group teams is five to seven members. b. The best size for a work group is 20 to 50 members. c. As the size of a work group increases, the discussion time decreases. d. The size of a group with complex goals is inversely related to the breadth of knowledge of its members.

Which of the following statements is true of using profanity and vulgar expressions in a speech? a. They signal a lack of maturity and intelligence in the speaker. b. They are acceptable in public speeches as people have become desensitized to them. c. They should be used sparingly, not excessively. d. They are appropriate if there are no children in the audience.

Which of the following strategies should one adopt to maintain a relationship? a. One must communicate with his or her partner honestly and frequently about both deep and everyday topics. b. One must intervene in his or her partner's personal affairs. c. One must avoid his or her partner when troubled by the partner's behavior. d. One must ensure that his or her needs and desires are completely met before attending to the needs of the partner.

William, a deputy manager at a bank, has been called to a meeting to discuss the recent loss faced by the organization. In this scenario, which of the following should he do before the meeting? a. Read the material distributed prior to the meeting b. Create an alternative agenda for the meeting c. Assume the role of the sole leader for the meeting d. Assume the role of the gatekeeper for the meeting

_____ means using words that convey your meaning precisely.

Speaking clearly

_________ language refers to using precise words that clarify meaning by narrowing what is understood from a general category to a particular item or group within that category.

Specific

A(n) _____ is the utterance of a verbal message and what it implies about how the listener should respond.

Speech act

Which of the following is true of ethnocentrism? a. It leads to an attitude of acceptance and open-mindedness. b. It is a perceptual shortcut in which people assume that everyone in a cultural group is the same. c. It leads to attitudes of superiority and messages that are condescending in content and tone. d. It is not experienced by people who belong to co-cultures.

Which of the following is true of inclusive language? a. It includes the usage of jargon and slang to convey complex ideas. b. It uses feminine pronouns instead of masculine pronouns. c. It uses words that do not apply only to one sex, race, or group. d. It includes the extensive usage of abbreviations and acronyms.

Which of the following should be avoided by leaders during a meeting? a. Monitoring the duration of the meeting b. Monitoring member c. Criticizing individuals during the meeting d. Modifying the agenda of the meeting

Which of the following statements best defines the term "dialect"? a. It is the positive, neutral, or negative feelings we associate with certain words. b. It is the dictionary definition of a word. c. It is a unique form of a more general language spoken by a specific cultural group. d. It is a nonstandard definition assigned to words by a social group or co-culture.

Which of the following statements is most likely true of the goals of healthy groups? a. They are usually developed to increase profits. b. They can be fulfilled easily and with minimal effort. c. They are accomplished through ethical and legal behavior. d. They benefit the group leaders rather than society.

Which of the following statements is true of a direct verbal style? a. It is usually followed across cultures. b. It is the least preferred style of straightforward communication. c. It openly states a speaker's intention. d. It contributes to sociolinguistic misunderstanding

Which of the following statements is true of an impromptu speech? a. It is used in political speeches and keynote addresses. b. An outline of key words and phrases is used as a point of reference. c. Speakers must gather and organize ideas quickly in the moments before they speak. d. It requires a lengthy preparation process before the speech.

Which of the following statements is true of intimate relationships? a. Intimate relationships do not involve physical attraction between partners. b. People usually have more intimate friends than acquaintances. c. Intimate relationships are the most important predictor of life satisfaction and emotional well-being. d. Intimacy norms between people are the same across various cultures and co-cultures.

Which of the following statements is true of narratives? a. They are rarely appropriate for a speech. b. They are only acceptable if they are about one's personal experiences. c. They can be used to gain and keep the audience's attention. d. They can be good substitutes for statistical data.

A(n) _____ is a "mental library" of scripts each of us draws from to create messages based on what worked for us or others in the past.

Canned plan

Unlike semantic meaning, pragmatic meaning

Changes across speakers and situations.

Lin speaks Mandarin when she converses with her parents and English during class discussions. She also speaks a mix of English and Mandarin while conversing with her friends. This scenario most likely exemplifies _____.

Code-switching

_____ is the combination of background, knowledge, attitudes, experiences, and philosophies a speaker shares with his or her audience.

Common ground

_____ theory describes the decision-making process one goes through as one chooses whether to disclose confidential information about oneself (self-disclosure) or about others (other-disclosure).

Communication privacy management

_________ occurs when each partner in a relationship gives up part of what they desire to satisfy part of what their partner wants.

Compromising

_____ is the implicit additional meaning we associate with a word.

Connotation

Wade leaves his home in California to visit his pen pal who lives in Asia. Though his friend's family speaks English, Wade notices that his hosts speak very politely but slightly ambiguously. Wade is used to people saying exactly what they mean and getting to the point quickly. Which of the following cultural distinctions is seen in the given scenario?

Context

_________ concerns permeate all communication.

Cultural

The term "_____" refers to the system of shared values, beliefs, attitudes, and norms that guides what is considered appropriate among an identifiable group of people.

Culture

Elizabeth moves from Boston to London and experiences difficulty in adapting to the new culture. She fails to relate to the customs and values of the people in London. In the given scenario, it can be said that Elizabeth is experiencing _____.

Culture shock

According to the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), which of the following is true of the central route? a. People are more likely to change their minds when their decisions are based on central processing. b. The central route integrates the rhetorical strategies of ethos and pathos. c. The central route relies on a quick evaluation of the speaker's competence. d. People choose the central route to process information that they perceive as important.

Candice wants to persuade her audience to reduce air pollution by using public transportation and carpooling. She wants to arrange her main points as explanations to support her speech. In this case, which of the following organizational patterns is most likely to help Candice? a. Time order b. Linear sequential order c. Topical order d. Logical reasons order

Connie is a high school geography teacher. In one of her classes, she split the class into two teams—a team of five students and another team of 17 students—and asked them to prepare a PowerPoint presentation on the evolution of the earth. In this scenario, which of the following is likely to be true of the team comprising five students? a. It is likely to be inefficient as it lacks enough human resources. b. It is likely to be less focused on making the presentation. c. It is likely to have longer discussion times than the team comprising 17 students. d. It is likely to make decisions more quickly than the team comprising 17 students.

Identify the true statement about other-centered messages. a. They typically come in the form of closed-ended questions that require those feeling emotional distress to give a "yes" or "no" response. b. They typically require those providing emotional support to share similar personal experiences with those feeling emotional distress. c. They are the least highly valued type of comforting message among most cultural and co-cultural groups. d. They encourage those feeling emotional distress to talk about what happened and how they feel about it.

In the context of negative emotions, which of the following is true of invoking anger? a. When people in an audience are angered, they are motivated to "redeem" themselves. b. People experience anger when they violate a moral, ethical, or religious code. c. Unlike other negative emotions, anger causes people to withdraw and become isolated. d. Speakers must avoid evoking anger that causes listeners to lose their reasoning.

Lisa is part of a group that is composed of people who, like her, are passionate about swimming. In this scenario, which of the following is most likely to be true of the communication that takes place among the members of the group? a. They talk about highly personal information. b. They help each other recover from an addiction. c. They discuss job-related problems. d. They encourage each other to share success stories.

Lucas is delivering a speech on the recent developments in robotics. In this scenario, which of the following strategies should be followed by Lucas to maintain effective body language? a. He should adopt mannerisms such as jiggling the change in his pocket. b. He should dress very casually as it will make him look friendly. c. He should avoid using motivated movements in his speech. d. He should avoid wearing jewelry or anything that will distract his audience.

Which of the following is a difference between friendship and acquaintanceship? a. Friendships happen instantly, whereas acquaintanceships take time. b. Friendships are not classified by context, whereas acquaintanceships are classified by context. c. Friends are people with whom communication occurs online, whereas acquaintances are people whom we meet personally. d. Friends share private information, whereas acquaintances discuss surface issues.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of virtual group meetings? a. They are limited to smaller numbers of three to five people in the group. b. They do not allow members to communicate across different time zones. c. They are highly informal. d. They are more susceptible to communication problems than face-to-face groups.

Which of the following is true of vocalized pauses? a. People with good timbre use a lot of vocalized pauses. b. Excessive vocalized pauses can give others the impression that we are confident. c. The higher the vocalized pauses, the higher the intonation. d. Too many vocalized pauses can distract listeners.

Which of the following should one remember while evaluating secondary sources of information? a. Older information is generally more accurate than newer information. b. Even if the sources of information cannot be trusted, one can use the information if it is relevant. c. Irrelevant information can be used if it is likely to keep the audience engaged. d. The latest version of an online article is preferred to the older version.

Which of the following statements is true of accountability in healthy groups? a. The penalty for violation of group norms is the same for all norms, irrespective of their importance. b. Upon violation of group norms, newcomers to the group are punished more severely than the veterans of the group. c. The severity of the penalty is determined by the number of times group norms have been violated. d. Members with a higher status in the group can escape from the penalty for violation of group norms.

Which of the following statements is true of interpersonal conflict? a. People involved in the conflict believe that there are many ways of resolving their issues. b. Achieving a satisfactory outcome for each person involved in the conflict is independent of the actions of the other. c. Either of the two people involved in an interpersonal conflict can be unaware of the disagreement. d. Both people involved in the conflict believe that they have something to lose if the other person gets his or her way.

Which of the following statements is true of issue-related group conflicts? a. They can turn into intra-individual conflicts if managed ineffectively. b. They usually occur because of poor communication among group members. c. They are rooted in a power struggle between group members. d. They occur when group members' goals, ideas, or opinions about a topic are incompatible.

_____ refers to the voiced part of a spoken message that goes beyond the actual words.

True or False: During informative speeches, listeners automatically recognize how and in what ways the information will benefit them.

False

True or False: Each language is different from other languages in its fundamentals and purposes.

False

True or False: Information that may have a physical, economic, or psychological impact on audience members should be avoided in a speech.

False

True or False: Interpersonal communication usually occurs through mass media.

False

True or False: It is not necessary to cite a source when using close paraphrases.

False

True or False: Speaking notes do not include cues about delivery.

False

True or False: The Chicago Manual of Style is the standard formal bibliographic style format for all speeches.

False

True or False: When a speaker wants to speak clearly, he or she should use as much jargon and slang as possible.

False

In the context of the types of touch, _____ is scripted rather than spontaneous.

Ritualized touch

What should a speaker do if the target audience members are strongly opposed to the speaker's speech goal?

The speaker should only expect that the opinion of the target audience members will move a little bit in his or her direction.

True or False: Altruistic people focus on the needs and contributions of both parties involved in a conversation.

True

True or False: An introduction is generally about 10 percent of the entire speech

True

True or False: Expository speeches allow a speaker to provide multiple perspectives on a specific issue.

True

True or False: In the process of interpretation, the brain assigns meaning to information.

True

True or False: Indirect body orientation is when two people sit or stand side by side.

True

True or False: Listening style is one's favored and usually unconscious approach to listening.

True

True or False: Public speaking apprehension is the level of fear we experience when anticipating or actually speaking to an audience.

True

True or False: Rhetorical figures of speech help listeners visualize or internalize what a speaker is saying.

True

True or False: Speeches can be memorable when specific goals and main points are emphasized.

True

True or False: The space where a speech is given affects the speech.

True

Through the process of attention and selection, _____.

We reduce the number of stimuli our brains must process

The body of a speech must be prepared

after assembling information about a topic.

A(n) _____ is an organized outline of the information and decision items to be covered during a meeting.

agenda

A(n) _____ communication style is attacking another person's self-concept and/or expressing personal hostility in order to inflict psychological pain.

aggressive

A(n) _________ bibliography is a preliminary record of the relevant sources a person finds as he or she conducts research.

annotated

Sarah is creating a preparation outline for her speech, and she wants to maintain a parallel structure in her main points. In this case, her main points will be parallel in structure if they

begin with an active verb.

In the context of public speaking, a speech critique checklist

can be used during the rehearsal period of a speech.

According to the three-part model to explain logos-based arguments developed by Stephen Toulmin, the _____ is the conclusion a speaker wants his or her audience to agree with.

claim

According to the three-part model to explain logos-based arguments developed by Stephen Toulmin, the_________ is the conclusion a speaker wants an audience to agree with.

claim

A _____ is a short statement that provides a sense of closure by driving home the importance of your speech in a memorable way.

clincher

In the context of managing interpersonal conflicts, _____ occurs when people work through a problem together to discover a mutually acceptable solution.

collaborating

Joffin is interested in physical fitness and politics. When identifying speech topics for an elocution competition, he creates a speech topic that involves both his interests. In this scenario, Joffin is practicing productive thinking by

combining his ideas in different ways.

In the context of persuasive speech patterns, the _____ pattern attempts to convince others that something has more value than something else.

comparative advantages

A(n) _____ is a written document that provides a detailed review of the problem-solving process used to arrive at the recommendation to solve a particular problem.

comprehensive report

In the context of the phases of public speaking apprehension, the _____ phase is the surge of anxiety we feel as we begin delivering a speech.

confrontation

As a response to his son's request to be driven to his friend's place, William replies, "I know you want to go to your friend's house today. I assume you need to relax before your exam, but I do not feel comfortable driving you there on the day before your exam. Maybe we could all hang out together after your exam is over." In the context of effective assertive messages, William's assertive message is lacking _____.

consequence

Erica and Brady met each other at a mutual friend's birthday party. They talked about their interests and hobbies and tried to get to know each other. In this scenario, Erica and Brady are

developing a relationship.

Ella, in her speech on natural disasters, says, "Remember how we empathized with the victims when an earthquake was reported on the TV last year? I still remember thinking how I would have saved my life if I was among the victims." In this scenario, Ella is

drawing from common experiences.

In the context of the written formats used to communicate the results of the deliberations of a problem-solving group, a(n) _____ is a one-page synopsis of a comprehensive report.

executive summary

Jason has to deliver a speech on global warming to approximately 50 people. He has conducted detailed research on global warming and the factors affecting it, and he plans to use speaking notes to recollect key ideas and citations. Given this information, it can be inferred that Jason's speech will most likely be a(n) _____.

extemporaneous speech

Steve, the CEO of a software company, wants to find out whether his employees work as a cohesive team. Steve can most likely conclude that his employees work as a healthy cohesive team if the employees

feel safe expressing their feelings even when they disagree with others.

In the context of comforting, _____ involves presenting relevant suggestions for resolving a problem or situation.

giving advice

A(n) _________ is a collection of about three to 20 people who feel a sense of belonging and attempt to influence each other to accomplish a common purpose.

group

Kevin is a marketing executive in a company. During team meetings, he questions statements made by other team members and helps them see their opinions from a new perspective. In this scenario, Kevin is best described as an _____.

information and opinion analyzer

Sandra is interested in public speaking. To make her speeches creative, she needs to think productively. Sandra can become better at productive thinking by

making her thoughts visible by sketching drawings, diagrams, and graphs.

During a meeting, Paul, the Principal of Penton High School, noticed that a few staff members dominated the conversation. Paul interfered to ensure that all the staff members were given an opportunity to contribute to the discussion. In this scenario, Paul was

monitoring member interactions.

A(n) _________ refers to a voice in which the pitch, volume, and rate remain constant, with no word, idea, or sentence differing significantly in sound from any other.

monotone

Eric is giving a speech on the harmful effects of aerated beverages. His audience is familiar with popular aerated beverages, but they do not know why these beverages can be harmful. In this scenario, Eric's audience is

neutral

In the context of the oral formats used to communicate the results of the deliberations of a problem-solving group, a(n) _____ is a structured problem-solving discussion held by the group in front of an audience.

panel discussion

A(n) _____ communication style includes submitting to another's desires and expectations while concealing one's own.

passive

Jose is a history student. In one of his research papers, he quotes a well-known anthropologist's opinion on the human race to validate his research but does not mention the source of the quote. In this scenario, Jose is involved in the act of _____.

plagiarism

During the problem analysis stage of systematic problem solving, the information gathered about a problem should

provide information about the nature of the problem.

While giving a speech, Beatrice used pauses strategically, spoke loud enough for everyone to hear, and used a perfect tone. However, she spoke too fast for her audience to be able to understand a few of her more complex ideas. In this scenario, Beatrice should moderate her _____ of speech to improve intelligibility.

rate

In the context of comforting, _____ involves offering ideas, observations, information, or explanations that might help a relational partner understand an incident in a different light.

reframing the situation

In the context of the persuasive speech patterns, the _________ pattern arranges the main points according to opposing arguments and then both challenges them and bolsters your own.

refutative

A(n) _____ relationship is a relationship in which the partners acknowledge their sexual attraction to one another.

romantic

A _____ is composed of people who come together to provide encouragement, honest feedback, and a safe environment for expressing deeply personal feelings about a problem common to the members of the group.

support group

Lin manages a team of business consultants in his company. During a meeting, Jack, a senior business consultant, puts forth a new idea to tackle the insufficient infrastructure at the workplace. Lin applauds Jack's efforts to come up with a solution. In this scenario, Lin performs the role of a(n) _____.

supporter

The term "_____" refers to a direct examination of people to gather information about their ideas and opinions.

survey

If a speaker words his or her attention-getter so that it generates uncertainty and excites the audience, the speaker is using _____ to get the audience's attention.

suspense

The term "_____" refers to the multiplying force of a group of individuals working together that results in a combined effort greater than any of the parts.

synergy

In the context of clinchers, _________ in a speech describes the behavior that you want your listeners to follow after they have heard your arguments.

the appeal to action

In the context of systematic problem solving, a group has efficiently identified and defined a problem if

the consequences of the problem will not recur in the future.

In the context of informing by narration, a good narrative is characterized by

the effective use of dialogue.

An audience perceives an informative speech to be intellectually stimulating when

the information presented adds fresh insights to a familiar topic.

The term "_____" refers to a one- or two-sentence summary that incorporates your general and specific goals and previews the main points of your speech.

thesis statement

In the context of the types of groups, a work group is composed of

three or more people formed to complete a task.

Elise is giving a speech on rockets. In her speech, she explains the stages involved in launching a rocket in a sequence. In this scenario, Elise is using an organizational pattern called

time order.

Cohesiveness is more likely to develop in groups

whose members are attracted to the group's purpose.

Which of the following generations has never known a world without Internet access and social media? a. Baby Boomers b. Generation Z c. Generation Y d. Generation Xers

Which of the following is true of low power-distance cultures? a. People do not argue with their bosses. b. Inequalities in power and status are muted. c. People in these cultures have highly collectivist attitudes. d. Lower-ranking people are in awe of people in higher positions.

Which of the following is true of people who belong to co-cultures?a. They always completely change their linguistic patterns to conform to the dominant culture. b. They hold values and beliefs different from those of the dominant culture. c. They do not embrace the dominant culture. d. People within a co-culture differ in the values, beliefs, and attitudes they hold.

Which of the following statements is true of self-perception? a. It has a limited influence on how we communicate with others. b. It focuses on forming impressions of ourselves based on others' opinions. c. It helps us to see others favorably when we have negative opinions of ourselves. d. It influences how we have conversations about others to ourselves.

People with interdependent self-perceptions:

Demonstrate the appropriate abilities and personality characteristics for a situation

The process of creating messages is called _____.

Encoding

Harry often sees his friend James practicing basketball. Impressed by his shots, Harry asks him if he would like to play for the school team with him. However, James is less certain of his own talent. He tells Harry that he doesn't think of himself as a great player and that his lack of experience will probably weigh the team down. In this scenario, James's Perception of Self and perception about himself can be attributed to _____.

Incongruence

The term _____ refers to a gap between self-perception and reality.

Incongruence

_____ are based on the belief that traits and abilities are specific to a particular context or relationship.

Interdependent self-perceptions

_____ is characterized by informal interaction between two people who have an identifiable relationship with each other.

Interpersonal communication

_________ is delivered by individuals and entities through mass media to large segments of the population.

Mass communication

A(n) _________ is a message that reflects your understanding of the meaning of another person's behavior.

Perception check

In the context of perception, if the stimuli we attend to are complex, the brain _____.

Simplifies them into some commonly recognized form

True or False: We choose to pay attention to information that is relevant to us.

True

_____ is the internal conversation we have with ourselves in our thoughts.

Self-talk

True or False: The main points and major subpoints of a speech outline should be written as incomplete sentences.

False

Which of the following is true of gestures? a. They can convey different meanings across different cultures. b. They occur only along with verbal communication. c. They cannot be used to communicate. d. They occur primarily in telephone and email communication.

True or False: Nonverbal communication is similar across cultures.

False

_____ communication is defined as interchangeable surface-level chit-chat.

Impersonal

In the context of public speaking, which of the following statements is true of effective facial expressions? a. They can help animate a speech. b. They do not influence an audience's perception of a speaker. c. They stop the speaker from conveying nonverbal immediacy. d. They help conceal presentational aids

True or False: Physical appearance does not communicate any nonverbal messages.

False

A(n) _____ refers to what we would like to be.

Ideal self-concept

In _________, speakers use words to convey most of the meaning; verbal messages are direct, specific, and detailed.

Low-context cultures

In the context of the methods of informing, effective demonstrations require

developing a hierarchy of steps.

_____ are sets of behaviors that provide logistical support and record the group's accomplishments and decisions.

Procedural leadership roles

_____ means using language that adapts to the needs, interests, knowledge, and attitudes of the audience and avoiding language that might offend anyone.

Speaking appropriately

A(n) _____ is an attention-getting act designed to highlight and arouse interest in your topic.

action

A(n) _________ speech is an informative presentation that provides carefully researched, in-depth knowledge about a complex topic.

expository

A(n) _____ speech is one that is researched and planned, but the exact wording is not scripted and will vary somewhat from presentation to presentation.

extemporaneous

In the context of active listening, _________ is the process of willfully perceiving and focusing on a message.

Attending

_____ is the confidence an audience places in the truthfulness of what a speaker says.

Credibility

Which of the following is a characteristic of an assertive communication style? a. It is adopted by people who feel defensive. b. It is highly valued in countries that follow collectivist cultures. c. It leaves one's partner hurt, confused, and startled. d. It demonstrates respect and value for one's partner.

Which of the following must be done to improve one's chances of successfully interpreting nonverbal messages? a. One should interpret nonverbal messages uniformly regardless of the receiver's culture. b. One should keep in mind that nonverbal cues mean the same everywhere. c. One should ignore the use of symbols in emails and text messages. d. One should consider each nonverbal message in the given context.

A(n) _____ is a unique form of a more general language spoken by a specific culture or co-culture.

Dialect

Maurice is a high school science teacher. Whenever he begins his class, he says to his students, "Close your books. Keep personal stuff inside your bag. Sit upright. Face the board." In this scenario, Maurice is involved in

Helping his students physically prepare to listen.

The term "_____" refers to any stimulus that interferes with the process of achieving shared meaning.

Noise

According to Samovar, Porter, and McDaniel, the cultural context includes the _________ of a specific culture.

Orientations

_____ are the desires to be appreciated, liked, and valued.

Positive face needs

_____ refers to putting one's needs or desires on hold to attend to the needs of one's partner or the relationship.

Sacrifice

In the context of dialectics in interpersonal relationships, _____ is the desire to do things independent of one's partner.

autonomy

A(n) _____ is a tension between conflicting forces.

dialectic

Lloyd Bitzer (1968), the scholar who introduced the concept of the rhetorical situation, coined the term "_____" as the reason a speech needs to be given.

exigence

In the context of the types of logical arguments, arguing from _________ supports a claim by citing information that indicates the claim.

sign

Leah is anxious about giving her first violin recital in front of a large audience. A day before the recital, she meditates and relaxes her muscles. While in a relaxed state, she imagines playing alone in her room. With the same calmness, she imagines performing in front of her roommate and then in a public park in front of a few strangers. On the day of her recital, she transfers all the calmness she attained during practice to her actual recital. In this scenario, Leah is involved in

systematic desensitization.

During a speech at his college in the United States, Jeremiah maintains eye contact with the speaker for most of the speech. In this scenario, which of the following is true? a. Jeremiah is bored. b. Jeremiah is distracted. c. Jeremiah is paying attention to the speaker. d. Jeremiah is nervous about the topic being discussed by the speaker.

Which of the following is true of people who belong to high uncertainty-avoidance cultures? a. They create systems of formal rules to provide more security and reduce risk. b. They are likely to initiate relationships with people who seem unusual. c. They feel confident and self-assured when confronted with unpredictable situations. d. They enjoy disclosing personal information to other people as a way of getting to know them.

Which of the following is true of the co-cultures in the United States based on socioeconomic status (SES)? a. Parents from middle-class groups tend to emphasize intellectual curiosity. b. People from low-SES backgrounds perform more disengagement cues than people from high-SES backgrounds. c. Parents from high-SES groups emphasize acceptance of what others think. d. People from high-class groups tend to hesitate about expressing their desires to authority figures.

Which of the following statements is true of intrapersonal communication? a. It plays a role in shaping our self-perceptions. b. It is usually verbalized as monologues. c. It rarely occurs subconsciously. d. It occurs when you engage in a conversation with a friend.

While playing, Marcie exclaimed, "Ouch!" as she slipped in the mud and fell. Marvin immediately asked, "Are you alright?" When she said, "No!" Marvin carefully said, "All right. This is a new situation. Why don't we go find a hose and try to clean you off?" In this scenario, Marvin's message is an example of _____.

A constructed message

Which of the following is true of scripts? a. They are only developed in childhood. b. The more scripts you have for each canned plan, the more likely you are to be an effective communicator. c. They develop through personal experiences and not by observing others. d. They can be used only in interpersonal communication.

Which of the following is true of a person's ethnicity? a. Ethnicity is based on a person's biological characteristics. b. Ethnicity is usually acquired from a dominant culture. c. People differ in the extent to which they identify with their ethnicity. d. People from the same race belong to the same ethnic groups.

_____ refers to altering linguistic and nonverbal patterns to conform to the dominant or co-culture.

Code-switching

_____ is the fear associated with communicating with others.

Communication apprehension

Ashlee loves taking care of her children and being the marketing head of an advertising agency. She and her husband volunteer in service organizations and equally participate in the care of their children and their home. It can be inferred that Ashlee and her husband are likely to be from a _____.

Feminine culture

Raul is an ambitious businessperson who values self-reliance and material success. However, he expects his wife to stay at home, attend to household chores, and raise their children. Based on this information, Raul can be said to be from a _____.

Highly masculine culture

Which of the following is true of media richness? a. Written communication is the richest media channel. b. The less information offered via a given channel, the leaner it is. c. The richness of a channel depends on the number of people involved in a conversation via that channel. d. The leaner the channel, the lower the chances are for misunderstanding.

Which of the following is a general principle that guides ethical communication? a. We should make choices with ethical implications only when we communicate complex messages. b. We can use dark side messages when we want to be ethical and appropriate. c. In most cases, we should not intentionally try to deceive others. d. In most cases, we should not have an other-centered focus during communication.

Which of the following is true of people in highly collectivist cultures? a. They are assertive and confront conflicts directly. b. They consider competition both desirable and useful. c. They value the interests of the group and group harmony. d. They place primary value on freedom, innovation, and self-expression.

Which of the following statements is true of making attributions? a. Dispositional attribution improves understanding between individuals. b. Situational attribution increases animosity between individuals. c. Making attributions decreases uncertainty between individuals. d. Attributions are solely based on a person's physical appearance.

Which of the following statements is true of our self-concept? a. Any reaction or response we receive has a positive effect on our self-concept. b. Our negative self-concept turns positive with one successful experience. c. Feedback changes the manner in which we think about ourselves. d. Reactions of acquaintances tend to have a deeper effect on our self-concept than reactions of family members.

True or False: A person's culture has very little influence on his or her self-perception.

False

True or False: Accuracy of perception is usually higher in automatic processing than in conscious processing.

False

True or False: People who experience trait-like communication apprehension feel anxious about speaking only with a certain person or group of people.

False

_____ typically involves three to 20 people who come together to communicate with one another.

Small-group communications

In the dominant American culture, sex consists of

Physical traits that are biologically determined.

he term _________ refers to the phenomena of sharing different aspects of our self-concept based on the situation and people involved.

Social construction of self

In the context of the communication context, the _____ is the nature of the relationship that already exists between participants.

Social context

People in polychronic cultures

Value relationships more than schedules.

_____ refers to the psychological discomfort when engaging in a new cultural situation.

Culture shock

Which of the following statements is true of self-esteem? a. Negative self-esteem cannot be overcome even through hard work and practice. b. Once self-concept is developed, self-esteem cannot be damaged. c. Individuals with low self-esteem tend to form relationships with people who reinforce positive self-perception. d. Families are central to the development of positive self-esteem in an individual.

Before interviewing one of the candidates for a position in his company, Ben was informed that the candidate had performed exceptionally well in her aptitude test for the job. During the interview, Ben saw the candidate in a very positive light. Although the candidate made a few mistakes, Ben passed them off. In this scenario, Ben's perception of the candidate was based on his _____.

Expectations

Niku was waiting on the sidewalk to cross a busy road. When she heard a siren indicating that pedestrians could cross the road, she started walking on the pedestrian crossing. In this scenario, Niku's action was based on _____.

Heuristics

In the context of gestures, _____ are unconscious nonverbal responses to physical needs.

Adaptors

Communication is effective when it

Achieves its goals

Which of the following is a vocal characteristic of paralanguage? a. Haptics b. Pitch c. Posture d. Gesture

Communication being indexical most likely means that

It is based on the level of trust, control, and intimacy in a relationship.

True or False: Supportive responses create an environment that encourages the other person to talk about and make sense of a distressing situation.

True

True or False: Sympathy translates our intellectual understanding of what the speaker has experienced into feelings of concern, compassion, and sorrow for that person.

True

. In the context of conflict management styles, which of the following statements is true of the similarities between avoiding and competing? a. Both are characterized as uncooperative approaches. b. Neither of them deals with interpersonal conflicts. c. Both are adopted when a relationship is important to a person. d. Both are characterized as win-win approaches.

_____ is a direct comparison of dissimilar things using the words "like" or "as."

A simile

Derek had a fever and called his boss to inform him of the fever. His boss asked him to take the day off. This scenario reflects _____.

A speech act

In a movie screening, the audience shrieked out of fear during a scene. This is an example of _____.

A spontaneous expression

True or False: Synchronicity is the extent to which a channel allows for immediate feedback.

True

True or False: Trying to decide for oneself about what food to eat is an example of intrapersonal communication.

True

_____ are people we know by name, but with whom our interactions are largely impersonal.

Acquaintances

In the context of listening styles, _____ focus on the ultimate point the speaker is trying to make.

Action-oriented listeners

Which of the following techniques helps in making informative speeches memorable? a. Focusing on facts and figures b. Avoiding repetition of information c. Adding humor d. Avoiding presentational aids

Adding humor

True or False: What is considered competent communication in one culture may not be considered competent communication in another culture.

True

According to the three-part model to explain logos-based arguments developed by Stephen Toulmin, which of the following is true of support? a. Itis usually not implied by a speaker. b. It includes observations relating to what is stated in the claim. c. It is always implied and rarely verbalized. d. It forms the conclusion of a speaker's argument.

Camila is preparing a speech on road safety rules for a high school in her neighborhood. She wants to present information that has proximity to her audience. In this scenario, which of the following strategies should be adopted by Camila? a. She should present facts and statistics on the number of accidents that occur all over the world. b. She should discuss a recent accident that took place near the school. c. She should explain how road safety rules have evolved. d. She should discuss the origin of road safety rules.

Fabian is delivering a speech on modern architecture. In this scenario, which of the following is an effective strategy to increase his derived credibility? a. He can quote an unknown international scholar instead of a well-known local expert. b. He can dress formally and appropriately when delivering the speech. c. He can avoid looking at any notes and focus on one point during the speech. d. He can explain his or her expertise after giving the speech.

In the context of active listening, which of the following is a strategy for evaluating messages effectively? a. Constructing mnemonics b. Probing for information c. Combining facts and inferences d. Ignoring statistics presented by the speaker

In the context of managing dialectical tensions, which of the following is true of the strategy of temporal selection? a. It is the strategy in which the desires of both people in a relationship are partially met. b. It is the strategy in which one desire is chosen and the other is ignored for the time being. c. It permanently resolves a relational dialectic. d. It requires one to change one's perception about the level of tension.

Which of the following statements is true of negative emotions? a. Evoking negative emotions reduces audience involvement b. People generally attempt to eliminate negative emotions as soon as possible. c. Invoking negative emotions during communication negatively impacts a speaker's argument. d. The use of negative emotions in communication is mostly built around ethos.

Which of the following statements is true of prejudices? a. They are always negative perceptions about a person. b. They can lead to discrimination of people. c. They are a result of outcome bias. d. They are actions in which people are treated differently based on certain biases.

Which of the following statements is true of social penetration theory? a. It suggests that all self-disclosure is equally revealing. b. It describes the different kinds of self-disclosure we use in our relationships. c. It emphasizes that relationships are not something we make but rather something we have. d. It explains how various types of feedback affect our relationships.

_________ is an uncritical, non-evaluative process of generating possible solutions by being creative, suspending judgement, and combining or adapting ideas.

Brainstorming

According to interpersonal communication scholars Spitzberg and Cupach, _________ refer to messages that are ethical and appropriate.

Bright side messages

Leah is a well-known yoga trainer. During the initial sessions of training, she touches her students to improve their posture and help them align their body correctly. In the context of the types of touch, this scenario exemplifies _____.

Task-related touch

Which of the following statements is true of content-oriented listeners? a. They fail to evaluate the facts offered as evidence. b. They prefer brief and hurried conversations. c. They are sensitive to their conversational partner's emotional needs. d. They are likely to ask questions to get more information.

Which of the following statements is true of evaluating group presentations? a. The evaluation of the presentations depends primarily on the presentations rather than the content. b. The quality of the presentations depends on the overall group performance rather than individual performance. c. The presentations are not affected by the poor performance of an individual group member. d. The evaluation of the presentations should consist of both an individual and a group component.

Which of the following statements is true of expository speeches? a. They usually do not require speakers to draw material from an extensive research base. b. They rely heavily on the demonstration method of informing c. Their goal is to demonstrate how something is done, is made, or works. d. They include speeches that explain a political, economic, social, religious, or ethical issue

Which of the following strategies should be followed while developing the conclusion of a speech? a. It should be more than 10 percent of the speech. b. It should avoid summarizing the main ideas. c. It should describe the most complex ideas of the speech. d. It should leave the audience with a vivid impression

_________ is a method that shows how something is done, displays the stages of a process, or depicts how something works.

Demonstration

Madison uses the dictionary to find the meaning of the word "restitution." In this case, she is looking for the _____ of the word.

Denotative definition

True or False: Intercultural communication cannot occur within one's own country.

False

True or False: Members of a polychronic culture are less likely to be late for appointments than members of a monochronic culture.

False

True or False: Primary research is easier than secondary research.

False

True or False: Section transitions preview the main points of a speech without summarizing them.

False

True or False: Fallacies refer to errors in reasoning.

True

_________ information refers to the information that is new to audience members and piques interest.

Intellectually stimulating

_____ is the technical name for what and how body motions communicate.

Kinesics

True or False: In high-context cultures, much of the speaker's message is conveyed indirectly and can be accurately interpreted only by referring to unwritten cultural rules and subtle nonverbal behaviors.

True

George is an octogenarian. Every time he visits his granddaughter, he finds that she uses strange and new words like "YOLO" and "tweeting." Likewise, his granddaughter misinterprets some of his vocabulary and both of them end up explaining their vocabulary to each other. Which of the following characteristics of language is most likely indicated in this scenario?

Language is constantly changing

_________ refers to the complex affective, cognitive, and behavioral processes of attending to, understanding and interpreting, and responding to verbal and/or nonverbal messages.

Listening

_____ is the practice of ignoring the values, needs, interests, and subject-specific knowledge of some audience members, leaving them to feel excluded.

Marginalizing

_____ is a method of informing that recounts an autobiographical or biographical event, myth, or story.

Narration

_________ describes a specific positive behavior of another person and the effect of that behavior on others.

Praise

_________ thinking occurs when people contemplate something from a variety of perspectives.

Productive

Ethical communicators

Refrain from gossiping, bullying, and spreading rumors

_____ refer to the competing psychological tensions that exist in any relationship.

Relational dialectics

In the context of dominant cultures and co-cultures, the term "_____" refers to a belief system with a set of rituals and ethical standards based on a common perception of what is sacred or holy.

Religion

In the context of the steps involved in active listening, _________ is the step of providing feedback.

Responding

_____ is the process of attempting to maintain a positive self-image in a relational situation.

Saving face

_____ is the confidential information people deliberately choose to share about themselves.

Self-disclosure

_____ refers to the fact that meaning varies according to the norms of a particular culture or co-culture.

Sociolinguistic meaning

_____ is assuming all members of a group have similar knowledge, behaviors, or beliefs simply because they belong to that group.

Stereotyping

Omar asks Alex if he has time to join him for a private conversation. Alex tells Omar that he has only 5 minutes to spare as he has to leave for work. When Omar is talking to him, Alex constantly keeps checking his watch and makes gestures to signal Omar to be more concise. Given this information, Alex is a(n) _____.

Time-oriented listener

True or False: A language's lexicon refers to a collection of words and expressions.

True

True or False: A preparation outline provides a draft of the main points in the form of incomplete sentences.

True

True or False: A word can be defined by classifying it and differentiating it from similar words or ideas.

True

True or False: Before giving a speech, it will help to analyze one's audience and tailor one's proposition based on their initial attitude toward the topic.

True

True or False: Delivery is how a message is communicated orally and visually using voice and body.

True

True or False: Different speech communities within a language community may use different words to represent the same phenomenon.

True

A(n) _____ is a complete unit of talk bounded by a speaker's silence.

Utterance

In the context of perception, we are likely to miss stimuli that:

Violate our expectations.

________ helps us reduce anxiety by developing a mental picture of ourselves giving a masterful speech.

Visualization

_____ are unnecessary words interjected into sentences to fill moments of silence.

Vocalized pauses

_________ are extraneous sounds or words that interrupt fluent speech.

Vocalized pauses

In the context of paralanguage, _____ is the loudness or softness of vocal tone.

Volume

In the context of secondary research sources, _____ sources present information that often includes a balanced discussion of controversial ideas.

accurate

In the context of reasoning fallacies, a(n) _____ attacks or praises the person making the argument rather than addressing the argument itself.

ad hominem fallacy

Stan was delivering a speech on road safety rules. While concluding, he said, "Please don't drink and drive. I'm sure everyone will go home safe after this speech!" Stan's conclusion is an example of a(n)

appeal to action.

In an argument relating to fixing prices for goods, Nathan, the sales manager of Expa Manufacturing Inc., argues that the company will charge 25% more than its current price because Leon Manufacturing, Expa Manufacturing's sister company, charges more for its goods. This scenario exemplifies _____.

arguing from analogy

The _____ stage refers to the relationship stage during which partners create physical distance by making excuses not to do things together.

avoiding

In the context of managing public speaking apprehension, the process of systematic desensitization starts with

consciously tensing and relaxing muscle groups.

The specific goal statement of a speech should

contain one central idea.

In the context of public speaking, the best speaking notes

contain the fewest words possible.

The term "_________" refers to the perception people want others to have of their worth.

face

An important feature of a process speech is that

it involves steps that become the main points of the speech.

In the context of the fundamental organizational patterns used for a speech, _____ structures the main points according to explanations for accepting a thesis as desirable or true.

logical reasons order

Newspaper and magazine articles are examples of _____.

mass communication

A group of five engineers was tasked to design a gas pipeline that would connect every house in the town of Belwick. In this scenario, the group of five engineers is a(n) _____.

work group

Vanessa is part of a research team that is deliberating ways of solving a problem in her organization. To communicate the results of her team's work on solving the problem, Vanessa prepares a one-page report that includes major information about the issue, her group's plan to solve the issue, and her group's rationale for doing what it plans to do. The document prepared by Vanessa is called a _____.

written brief

Sheila, a social worker, is going to deliver a speech at a seminar. She wants at least half her audience to be involved in charitable work after listening to her speech. This is most likely a _____ of Sheila's speech.

specific goal

In the context of the four stages of declining relationships, the _____ stage refers to the stage when partners just go through the motions of interacting without enthusiasm or emotion.

stagnating

Amber, in one of her sessions on public speaking, says, "Today, everybody knows me as a great orator and a speech trainer. But, did you know that I was not able to speak until the age of ten?" In this scenario, Amber's expression is most likely an example of a _____.

startling statement

In the context of reasoning fallacies, a(n) _____ occurs when a speaker weakens the opposing position by misrepresenting it in some way and then attacks that weaker position.

straw man fallacy

True or False: Spontaneous touch is automatic and subconscious.

True

The difference between a topic and a subject is

a topic is a narrow aspect of a subject, whereas a subject is a broad area of knowledge.

Leon, in his speech on energy sources, uses graphic aids to demonstrate how a wind turbine works. In this scenario, Leon is most likely giving a(n) _____.

process speech

When giving a public speech, a sense of confidence is communicated when the speaker

_____ refers to how and how much we look at others when communicating.

Oculesics

When a word does not have a precise synonym, clarity can be achieved by

adding details or examples.

In the context of the types of propositions, a statement that is designed to convince an audience that something did or did not occur is a proposition of _____.

fact

An effective assertive message

suggests one's intentions and future expectations.

In the context of providing personal feedback in relationships, which of the following statements is true of praising a person? a. It involves offering insincere compliments to a person. b. It reinforces positive behavior in a person. c. It is offered primarily to please a person. d. It has the same characteristics as flattery.

In the context of speaking notes, which of the following statements is true of incorporating delivery cues? a. Cues to use voice and body are noted in a separate card. b. Words that need to be stressed are underlined. c. Slash marks are used to indicate unimportant points. d. Cues are added to multicolored cards.

Riya and Max go to the same college and are in a relationship. Max is very particular that the relationship should be based on mutual trust. In this scenario, which of the following actions is most likely to damage their relationship? a. If Riya discloses her personal information to Max b. If Riya discloses Max's personal information to others without his permission c. If Riya withholds Max's personal information d. If Riya discloses Max's personal information to others with his permission

Sophie is presenting her thesis to an academic audience. In this case, in which of the following situations will her initial credibility be high? a. When she uses humor at the beginning of her speech and other appropriate instances b. When she is formally introduced, along with her qualifications, before the speech commences c. When she begins her speech by showing a video to her audience d. When she speaks at a moderately fast rate

Which of the following guidelines should be followed while completing the final review of the outline of your speech? a. The outline should be an exact copy of the speech manuscript. b. Main points and major subpoints should be written as complete sentences. c. Each major point in the outline should incorporate multiple ideas. d. The outline must contain only those subpoints that you intend to speak about.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the performing stage of group development? a. Members revisit the earlier stages of group development like forming and storming. b. Conversations during this stage are focused on sharing task-related information and problem solving. c. A group experiences groupthink during this stage. d. Disagreements between members are unresolved and unacknowledged during this stage.

Which of the following is a guideline for maintaining friendships? a. Agree with whatever a friend says. b. Listen and respond to what a friend says. c. Discuss surface issues rather than personal issues. d. Change your ideas to match those of a friend.

Which of the following is a reliable way of gathering information about an unfamiliar audience? a. Relying on audience information from previous speeches b. Asking the contact person for information c. Relying on stereotypes d. Sizing up the audience during the presentation

Which of the following is a way to deliver an intellectually stimulating speech when an audience is already familiar with a speaker's topic? a. Focusing only on the controversial aspects of the topic b. Addressing the breadth and depth of the topic c. Persuading the audience rather than informing d. Limiting the speech to vivid verbal descriptions

Which of the following is an effective way to use speaking notes during public speeches? a. Concealing them from the audience throughout a speech b. Holding them in one hand and referring to them when needed. c. Keeping them in pockets and taking them out when needed d. Looking at them rather than the audience during a speech

Which of the following statements is true of a clincher that is developed using vivid imagery? a. It focuses on arousing an audience to act after a speech. b. It leaves listeners with pictures imprinted in their minds. c. It is a strategy used to create mystery about a topic. d. It focuses on getting an overt response from listeners.

Which of the following statements is true of a speech community? a. It comprises fewer than 10,000 speakers. b. It is a small group that speaks a common dialect. c. It comprises people within a single neighborhood. d. It is a "melting pot" for language.

Which of the following statements is true of antithesis? a. It provides a preview of the main points in a speech. b. It is effective when it is used in the concluding remarks. c. It hinders the clarity of a message. d. It is the use of words that sound like the things they stand for.

_________ is an uncritical, nonevaluative process of generating associated ideas.

Brainstorming

In the context of procedural leadership roles, which of the following statements is true of expediters? a. They arrange appropriate spaces for group meetings. b. They make sure all members of a group have an opportunity to participate in discussions. c. They keep track of a group's objectives and help move the group through an agenda. d. They take careful notes of group decisions.

In the context of public speaking, which of the following statements is true of evaluating speeches? a. It rarely deals with what went wrong during a speech. b. It is done by the speaker and the entire audience together after a speech. c. It is done by answering questions that relate to the basics of content, structure, and delivery. d. It negatively affects a speaker's successive speaking experiences.

In the context of speech introductions, which of the following best defines a story? a. It is a request for information that doesn't require an overt response from the audience. b. It is a piece of wordplay designed to be funny and make people laugh. c. It is an account of something that has happened or could happen. d. It is a comment made by and attributed to someone other than the speaker.

In the context of task leadership roles, which of the following statements is true of information givers? a. They probe others for ideas and opinions during group meetings. b. They keep track of a group's objective and help move through the agenda. c. They are people who are well informed on the content of a task that needs to be completed. d. They keep a record of the minutes of a group meeting.

Pedro is giving a public speech about marine life. He has prepared many presentational aids like slideshows, models, and handouts. In this scenario, which of the following strategies will help Pedro effectively handle his presentational aids? a. Passing his models and handouts through his audience during his speech b. Facing the screen while explaining slides c. Displaying the aids so that everyone in the audience can see them d. Keeping all the presentational aids visible throughout his speech

Simon is preparing to deliver a speech. He wants his speech to be conversational. In this scenario, which of the following strategies should be adopted by Simon? a. He should maintain an upright stance while speaking. b. He should make his audience realize through his style of speaking that he has thoroughly memorized his speech. c. He should engage with the audience so they feel he is talking with them and not performing in front of them. d. He should read whatever is written in his speaking notes.

The members of the data analytics team of Draymer Industries are based in different countries. They usually meet online to communicate about their work process. In this case, which of the following is most likely to be true of the team members? a. They are immune to pseudo-conflicts. b. They can communicate more effectively than a face-to-face group. c. They are likely to find it difficult to catch the subtle meaning of group members' messages. d. They are unlikely to face issue-related group conflicts.

Walter is the manager of the production and operations department at Woode Industries. He must define the production and operations goals for the forthcoming financial year. In this scenario, which of the following guidelines will help him in framing effective goals for his team? a. The goals must be easy to achieve. b. The goals must be generic to allow change if needed. c. The goals must serve a common purpose. d. The goals must be different for each work group member.

Which of the following is a characteristic of nonverbal feedback cues? a. They finish a speaker's sentence. b. They help a listener in paraphrasing a message. c. They communicate listeners' attention to and comprehension of a message. d. They are provided only after a speaker has finished conveying his or her message.

Which of the following is a guideline one should follow for determining the main points for a speech when they are not obvious?a. Identify broad ideas that can be explained toward the end of the speech b. Use highly complicated ideas for the points and eliminate simple ideas c. List the ideas one believes relate to one's specific goal d. Describe ideas that one believes one's audience already understands

Which of the following is true of Steve Duck's Relationship Filtering Model? a. It explains how people attempt to save face in relationships. b. It explains the process that relationships go through in the ending stages. c. It explains the process that relationships go through in the beginning stages. d. It explains the steps involved in grave-dressing.

Which of the following is true of a creative informative speech? a. It involves the use of a vivid verbal description of an object or event. b. It involves rethinking a problem or issue from a single perspective. c. It involves doing good research, taking time, and practicing productive thinking. d. It involves focusing on presenting information through humor and other emotional anecdotes.

In the context of remembering, one of the most common mnemonic techniques is

Forming a word with the first letters of a list of items that has to be remembered

_________ can be best defined as prescribed behaviors designed to help a group meet its goals and conduct its conversations.

Ground rules

_________ refers to a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment that results from in-group pressure to conform.

Groupthink

A(n) _____ is a person's own individual unique pronunciations, grammar, and syntax.

Idiolect

_____ means imaginatively placing yourself in another person's cultural world and attempting to experience what he or she is experiencing.

Intercultural empathy

Nonverbal communication is _________ because meaning is perceived through postures, gestures, facial expressions, vocal pitch and rate, and appearance.

Multi-channeled

In the context of listening response strategies, verbal feedback should be given

Only after the speaker has finished his or her speech.

During a speech, Victor observes that the audience nods in response to his statement. He asks his audience, "You all are nodding. Does that mean you all agree with what I said or are you thinking about what I said?" Victor is engaging in _____.

Perception checking

_________ refers to the stage of group development when the skills, knowledge, and abilities of all members are combined to overcome obstacles and meet goals successfully.

Performing

_____, ranging from 18 inches to 4 feet, is the space in which casual conversations occur.

Personal distance

_________ is how people look to others and is one of the first things others notice and judge.

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