Community and environmental Health chapter 4
What are some examples of direct transmission diseases?
AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhea, rabies, and the common cold
What are the three types of indirect transmission?
Airborne, vehicleborne, or vectorborne
What are diseases for which humans are the only known reservoir for?
Anthroponosis (measles)
What is an example of a noncommunicable acute health disease? A. Common Cold B. Appendicitis C. AIDS D. Measles
B. Appendicitis
The nine types of Cardiovascular disease
CHD, stroke, high blood pressure, arrhythmias, diseases of the arteries, congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease, rheumatic fever/rhumatic heart disease, and congenital heart defects
What is indirect transmission?
Communicable disease transmission involving an intermediate step
________ diseases are those disseases for which biological agents of their products are the cause and that are transmissible from one individual to another.
Communicable diseases. (infectious)
What is the number one killer of americans?
Coronary Heart disease (CHD) Killed 596,339 people in 2011
What is the leading cause of cancer dealthes in both sexes?
Lung cancer
What is the second leading cause of death in the US?
Malignant neoplasms
_____ _____ occur when cells lose control over their growth and division.
Malignant neoplasms
What are the two most reported cites of cancer?
Prostate gland (men) and breast (women) also can occur in lung, colon, rectum, pancreas, uterus, ovaries, mouth, bladder, and skin
What is cerebrovascular disease?
Stroke - a chronic disease characterized by damage to blood vessels of the brain resulting in disruption of circulation to the brain forth leading cause of death in the US
What does Pathogenicity mean?
The capability of a communicable disease agent to cause disease in a susceptible host
Disinfection is...
The killing of communicable disease agents outside the host, on countertops, for example
What is matastasis?
The spread of cancer cells to distant parts of the body by the circulatory or lymphatic system
What is eradication?
The uprooting or total elemination of a disease from the human population.
_____is a living organism, usually an arthropod (mosquito, tick, louse, or flea) that can transmit a communicable agent to suseptible host
Vector
____ is an inanimate material or obect that can serve as a source of infection
Vehicles
What is the multicausation disease model
a visual representation of the host together with various internal and external factors that promote and protect against disease
_____ is the element that must be present for the disease to occur
agent
What are some examples of chemical agents?
drugs, pesticides, industrial chemicals, food additives, air pollutants, and cigarette smoke
What are some examples of physical agents that can cause unjury or disease?
forms of energy such as heat, ultraviolet light, radiation, noise vibrations, and speeding or falling objects
_____is a person or other living organism that affords subsistence or lodgement to a communicable agent under natural conditions
host
What is quarantine?
limitation of freedom of movement of those who have been exposed to a disease and may be incubating it
_____ is a diseases that cannot be transmitted from one person to another
noncommunicable
What are three ways to judge the importance of a particular disease to a community?
number of people who die from a disease the number of years of potential life lost attributable to a particular cause the economic costs associated with a particular disease or health condition
What does etiologies mean?
the cause of disease
What is direct transmission
the immediate transfer of an infectious agent by direct contact between infected and susceptible individuals Example: kissing, sexual intercourse
What is isolation?
the seperation of infected persons from those who are susceptible
What are some examples of biological agents?
viruses, rickettsia, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, metazoa (multicellular organisms)
What is the term that refers to diseases for which the reservoir resides in animal populations?
zoonoses (plague, rabies, lyme disease)
