Community Final - 33 questions given
An 80-year-old client is being treated for chronic urinary tract infections. She has received multiple antibiotics in the past 6 months. The physician orders a urine culture. The results of the urine culture are as follows: Staphylococcus aureus >100,000 colonies and demonstrated resistance to sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Bactrim), penicillin, methicillin, and erythromycin. The client is diagnosed with methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on the basis of the findings of her urine test. Based on the client's history, a cause of the MRSA might be microbial: A) Adaptation B) Rejection C) Stagnation D) Assimilation
A
An immigrant from Guatemala, age 47, is admitted to the coronary care unit with congestive heart failure. This is the fourth admission for this client, and the physician believes that the client's inability to adhere to his diet and medication regimen is the reason for his frequent admissions. The physician refers the client to the local community health nurse, on discharge from the hospital. Which would be most appropriate for the nurse to include in this client's plan of care? A) Developing culturally relevant and gender-sensitive interventions B) Assessing the client's financial needs and obtaining financial assistance as needed C) Insisting that the client adhere to his diet D) Teaching the family to adapt their cultural dietary plans to the client's diagnosis
A
Nursing students in an enclosed classroom begin to become ill with a gastrointestinal illness. The public health department identifies this occurrence as an emerging epidemic and isolates the population that is ill. According to microbial adaptation, those who survive the illness will then do which of the following? A) Develop improved defenses against reinfection B) Become hosts to the organism, which is symbiotic in nature C) Become carriers of the infection, ultimately leading to an epidemic D) Recover with adaptive organism reintroduction into the environment
A
The community health nurse knows that early attempts to understand illness and disease focused on the study of the experiences of individual people. Using this knowledge, how would the nurse define epidemiology to a group of nursing students? A) Study of the distribution and determinants of states of health and illness in human populations B) An outbreak that occurs when there is an increased incidence of a disease beyond that which is normally found in the population C) Epidemiologic model that strongly emphasizes the concept of multiple causation while de-emphasizing the role of agents in explaining illness D) Model based on the belief that health status is determined by the interaction of the characteristics of the host, agent, and environment
A
The nurse enters a client's home to provide care to a wound and teach the client's wife how to care for the wound. The nurse is comfortable with the client's culture and the fact that it is matriarchal in nature. As teaching begins, the husband interrupts and states that the woman does not change bandages according to his culture. He asks if the nurse is familiar with his culture and then says that all members of his neighborhood follow its principles. The nurse should suspect that the client is a member of: A) A subculture B) A cult C) An occupation D) An orthodox religious group
A
The nurse identifies the specific indicators and focal areas needed to establish immunization and well-child clinics in a low-income neighborhood. What actions are needed to meet the health outcomes of the project? A) Develop a plan to meet the costs and promote the benefits of the project. B) Assume that the neighborhood will welcome the institution of a well-child and immunization clinic. C) Identify the need in the community for the clinic on the basis of subjective data. D) Consider the identified neighborhood's need for healthcare compared with that of other low-income neighborhoods by interviewing the members of the neighborhood.
A
The public health nurse works in New England during the winter months. An ice storm cripples the city, and electrical outages affect the power grid. Trees and frozen power lines are down throughout the city, and the timeline for restoration of power is 7 to 10 days. The management team should classify this occurrence as: A) A natural disaster B) Terrorism C) An accidental disaster D) An emergency
A
You are completing your 2016-2017 Influenza A (Seasonal Flu) surveillance report for the year. Which rate measures the number of people in a given population who have influenza at a given point in time? A) Prevalence B) Adjusted C) Specific D) Incidence
A
You are in a Global Community completing an immunization audit of th e region. The you recently learned that more than 100 infants and children in the community have received vaccinations at the health clinic in the past month. These data are an example of which health indicator? A) Health service coverage B) Morbidity and mortality C) Health system resources D) Risk factors
A
A student nurse asks if an infectious disease is the same thing as a communicable disease. The nurse explains that an infectious disease is not necessarily a communicable disease. Which must a communicable disease have that an infectious disease does not have to have? (Select all that apply.) A) Means of transmission B) Portal of entry to a susceptible host C) Portal of exit from the infected person D) Organism that harbors the infectious agent E) Pathogenic microorganism
A, B, C
The management team is in the process of identification of hazards associated with the ice storm that is expected to disable electrical service to the city. To identify areas most vulnerable to damage and plan for an effective response, which data or methods of data collection may be used? (Select all that apply.) A) Historical data on previous events B) Geographic information C) Satellite imagery D) Planning board declarations E) Census data
A, B, C
Five weeks after a category 4 hurricane, a town in southern Louisiana continues to battle for survival. The flood waters have now receded. The nurse is part of the disaster recovery team. Epidemiologic analysis of this town includes factors that influence the health status of this community. Which data may be included in the epidemiologic analysis report? (Select all that apply.) A) Population shift B) Collapse of access to healthcare C) Limited access to places of worship D) Continuing death E) Contamination of water supplies
A, B, D, E
The nurse is in charge of implementing a personal protective equipment (PPE) program at the hospital, in response to a chemical terrorist attack. Which components should be included in this program? (Select all that apply.) A) Training of employees in PPE use B) Identification of hazards present C) Identification of commodities to be distributed via POD emergency supply centers D) Clinical assessment and triage drills E) Selection, maintenance, and use of PPE
A, B, E
In our discussions of infectious disease epidemiology, just the presence of an infectious agent is not sufficient to produce an infectious disease. Which host factors determine whether a person is at risk for an infection or an infectious disease? (Select all that apply.) A) Sex B) Occupation C) Physical and emotional health D) Immune status E) Age
A, C, D, E
Personal responsibility for health involves active participation in one's own health through education and lifestyle changes. Which exemplify personal responsibility? (Select all that apply.) A) Monitoring the positive and negative effects of prescription and over-the-counter medications B) Eating the types of foods one most enjoys C) Reviewing one's own medical records D) Avoiding tobacco and recreational drug use E) Showing up for scheduled tests and procedures
A, C, D, E
You are working at a major Level 1 Trauma Center in Greater NYC. You are caring for a client who has symptoms of high fever and unexplained bleeding. After receiving blood test results, the client's primary care provider diagnoses the client with Ebola hemorrhagic fever. What interventions should the nurse anticipate implementing for this client? (Select all that apply.) A) Isolation of the client B) Administration of an antiviral C) Administration of an antitoxin D) Strict infection control E) Rinsing of the client's eyes
A, D
A 16-year-old client visits the community health clinic with concerns that she may have a sexually transmitted infection (STI). She asks whether STIs are treatable. Some STIs that are easily treated and curable include: (Select all that apply.) A) Syphilis B) Human papillomavirus C) Herpes simplex D) Chlamydia E) Gonorrhea
A, D, E
A client arrives on the unit, diagnosed with norovirus infection from eating shellfish. The client has been vomiting repeatedly and is now severely dehydrated. Which interventions are likely to be performed for this client? (Select all that apply.) A) Immediate disinfecting all potentially contaminated objects and surfaces B) Administering a vaccination C) Isolating the client until 12 hours after the client has been symptom free D) Encouraging the client and the client's family to practice good handwashing E) Starting an intravenous line for fluid and electrolyte replacement
A, D, E
A nurse is coordinating an initiative in the community to make sure that the healthcare needs of local refugees and asylees are recognized and addressed. Which federal agency should this nurse contact, as it is directly involved with the health and healthcare of refugees and asylees in the United States? A) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention B) United States Department of Health and Human Services C) National Institutes of Health D) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
B
In our discussions on heath we have found that the understanding of the concept of heath varies by agency, country and culture. Which example best illustrates the World Health Organization's definition of health? A) 98-year-old man with dementia who resides in an assisted living facility B) 72-year-old woman with well-managed diabetes who walks 2 miles every day and takes classes at the local community college C) 20-year-old man with no significant history of disease who smokes, works a stressful job, and is sedentary D) 50-year-old woman with no health complaints who is alcoholic, lives alone with little social contact, and is obese
B
Thinking back to our discussion on the Epidemiological Triangle - The nurse works with a female client who recently developed an infection of Staphylococcus aureus while in the hospital. In this case, S. aureus is which component in the chain of infection? A) Environmental reservoir B) Agent C) Portal D) Host
B
You are working in the NYC Department of Health as a Public Health Nurse. You are assigned to the Surveillance Team. Which is the primary method used to measure the existence of states of health or illness in a population during a given time period? A) Relative risk ratio B) Rate C) Sensitivity D) Ratio
B
We realize that the world is currently in a Eco-Environmental state. Which environmental factors are likely to affect the life cycle of disease pathogens and their vectors and thus disease outbreaks? (Select all that apply.) A) Amount of daylight B) Temperature C) Humidity D) Geology E) Precipitation
B, C, E
You are completing a community assessment. The population within the community is determined to be across the Health Wellness continuum. Which exemplify determinants of health? (Select all that apply.) A) Having an infant mortality rate of 95 deaths per 1,000 live births B) Smoking two packs of cigarettes per day C) Having a death rate of 500 per 100,000 population D) Living in a community with clean, fluoridated water E) Living in neighborhood with a high crime rate
B, D, E
A woman arrives at the clinic for a routine appointment. She has been HIV positive for 3 years and states she is doing well. She currently is involved in a relationship with a man who is HIV positive. She states that she is not consistent with safe sex practices due to her significant other's preferences and feels uncomfortable asking him to wear a condom. Which is the nurse's best response to promote the client's health? A) "Let's have you both tested for STIs." B) "You won't become pregnant as long as you are taking your drug cocktail." C) "You will not be protected against other strains of HIV or sexually transmitted infections (STIs)." D) "You will both be safe because you both already have HIV."
C
In researching an outbreak of malaria in the developing nation where the nurse currently works, the nurse decides to not focus on the role of mosquitoes in transmitting the disease but on how the physical environment of the community, biological aspects of the community, and social customs interact to affect the prevalence of this disease. Which epidemiological model is the nurse using? A) Web of causation B) Natural history C) Wheel of causation D) Epidemiologic triad
C
The clinic clients respond negatively to the need for a yearly flu shot. They ask why the medical communities don't just create one shot that will last for several years. Which explanation should the nurse give? A) There is more than one strain of the flu virus and you must be protected from all of them. B) The shots last only for 3 to 6 months and must be renewed on a yearly basis. C) Genetic changes make the flu virus resistant to the flu shot from year to year. D) Genetic changes in the bacteria that cause the flu require a rotating course of antibiotics.
C
Three years after exposure to a virulent form of the flu, a population faces the same flu strain. The public health department recognizes that there are members of the population who have not been exposed to the flu strain. Which is most likely to happen? A) The flu will reach epidemic proportions and both populations will become ill B) The unexposed population will contract the illness C) The unexposed population is not likely to contract the illness D) The unexposed population will contract the illness and reinfect others
C
You are working in a Rural Community in Kansas. Part of your role is coordinating a plan to bring vaccinations in a cost-effective way to a rural community that currently lacks access to them. This is an example of which public health intervention? A) Screening B) Surveillance C) Case management D) Outreach
C
Which core functions of the government address the health of its citizens? (Select all that apply.) A) Building state-of-the-art hospitals B) Providing healthcare directly to its citizens C) Ensuring delivery of healthcare services and achievement of desired outcomes D) Developing healthcare policy that provides access to services E) Assessing healthcare problems
C, D, E
In the United States, the system of healthcare has historically given and continues to give stronger support to which types of care? A) Individual care with a focus on prevention B) Community care with a focus on prevention C) Community care with a focus on cure D) Individual care with a focus on cure
D
You are a school nurse where students communicate to each other. A group of teens develop their own method of texting in a language that they feel is all their own. The change is subtle, but the meanings and the feelings associated with the text are known only to a select few. This behavior is an example of: A) Cultural competence B) Cultural safety C) Ethnocentrism D) Culture
D
Tent communities are constructed in a rural community by the American Red Cross after a disaster. Because of overcrowding, surrounding states create accommodations for the displaced and homeless. The survivors are accommodated in the cities of four Southern states. Which factors may increase the possibility of disease emergence in the cities? (Select all that apply.) A) Decreased socialization B) Decreased viral load C) Increased violence D) Poor sanitation E) Poor hygiene
D, E