Community Final Exam Part 3/4

When counseling a patient about how to avoid contracting malaria during travel, the healthcare provider should include which of the following in the teaching plan? Select all that apply a. A "You will start to take your preventative medications before you depart." b. B "Be sure to apply an insect repellant to help protect you from mosquito bites." c. C "It's important that you wear protective clothing during your trip." d. D "Sleeping under an insecticide-treated bednet will help prevent infection." e. E "This malaria immunization can help decrease the chance you will become infected."

A "You will start to take your preventative medications before you depart." B "Be sure to apply an insect repellant to help protect you from mosquito bites." C "It's important that you wear protective clothing during your trip." D "Sleeping under an insecticide-treated bednet will help prevent infection."

A patient is diagnosed with an infection caused by the hepatitis A virus. Which statement, if made by the patient, would indicate the patient needs further teaching about the infection? Select all that apply a. A. "It's important for me to remember to wash my hands after I use the bathroom." b. B. "I might get liver cancer someday because I have this infection." c. C. "Before I take any over-the-counter medicines I should call the clinic." d. D. "I will wash raw fruits and vegetables thoroughly before I eat them." e. E. "I should wear a mask during contact with infected children to break the chain of infection.

B. "I might get liver cancer someday because I have this infection." E. "I should wear a mask during contact with infected children to break the chain of infection.

A nurse will be offering vaccines at a pharmacy in the fall. She is writing a list to order supplies. She plans to offer the influenza vaccine. Which of the following statements made by the nurse are correct about the influenza vaccine? (Select ALL that apply.) a. "Intramuscular injections are given straight down, at a ninety-degree angle" b. "The Influenza vaccine will be given as intramuscular injection" c. "The influenza vaccine will prevent all flu viruses and nobody will ever get sick again" d. "if someone is allergic to eggs, they should notify the nurse before getting the vaccine" e. "if a patient is pregnant, I'll just give her the nasal spray flu vaccine (FluMist)"

a. "Intramuscular injections are given straight down, at a ninety-degree angle" b. "The Influenza vaccine will be given as intramuscular injection" d. "if someone is allergic to eggs, they should notify the nurse before getting the vaccine"

The stool culture of a child with profuse diarrhea reveals salmonella bacilli. After teaching the mother about the course of Salmonella enteritis, which of the following statements by the mother indicate effective teaching? Select all that apply. a. "Some people become carriers and stay infectious for a long time" b. " After the acute stage passes the organism is usually not present in the stool." c. " Although the organism may be alive indefinitely, in time it will be of no danger to anyone." d. " If my child continues to have the organism in the stool, an antitoxin can help destroy the organism." e. "Children are at the highest risk for a salmonella infection."

a. "Some people become carriers and stay infectious for a long time" e. "Children are at the highest risk for a salmonella infection."

The nurse presents a seminar on HIV testing to a group of seniors and their caregivers in an assisted living facility. Which responses fit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) recommendations for HIV testing? (Select all that apply.) a. ''I am 78 years old and I was treated and cured of syphilis many years ago.'' b. ''In 1986, I received a transfusion of platelets.'' c. ''Seven years ago, I was released from a penitentiary.'' d. ''I had sex with a man with a disreputable past from New York back in the late 1960s, but I have been happily married since 1971.'' e. ''At 68, I am going to get married for the fourth time.''

a. ''I am 78 years old and I was treated and cured of syphilis many years ago.'' c. ''Seven years ago, I was released from a penitentiary.'' e. ''At 68, I am going to get married for the fourth time.''

When the nurse reviews the patient's medical record she recognizes of the patient's symptoms are caused by HPV? Select all that apply. a. Abnormal papanicolaou (Pap) smear b. Painful vaginal lesions c. Vaginal discharge d. Genital warts e. Rash on her hands and feet

a. Abnormal papanicolaou (Pap) smear d. Genital warts

The public health nurse is most likely to use what types of surveillance systems? Select all that apply. a. Active b. Passive c. Sentinel d. Syndronic

a. Active b. Passive

The Clean Air Act of 1970 was amended in 1990 to meet unaddressed or insufficiently addressed problems that included which of the following? Select All That Apply a. Addressing acid rain b. Addressing excessive noise and heat or cold extremes c. Addressing ground-level ozone d. Addressing stratospheric ozone depletion e. Tracking 75,000 industrial chemicals

a. Addressing acid rain c. Addressing ground-level ozone d. Addressing stratospheric ozone depletion

A young female client comes in for an assessment and the nurse suspects the patient is experiencing genital herpes. What did the nurse assess in this client? Select all that apply. a. Back pain b. Vaginal discharge c. Low blood pressure d. Fever e. Headache

a. Back pain b. Vaginal discharge d. Fever e. Headache

A nurse in community health in California has been working with a 6-year-old child that was rescued from a mudslide. The nurse will observe the child for which of the following stress effects? Select all that apply. a. Bed-wetting episodes b. Desire to return to school c. Fantasies of denial d. Increased playfulness with peers e. Thumb sucking

a. Bed-wetting episodes c. Fantasies of denial e. Thumb sucking

Which of the following statements best explains the need for geologists, meteorologists, and chemists on the multidisciplinary team in environmental health? a. Earth sciences explain how pollutants travel in air, water, and soil. b. Earth sciences help us understand the strength of the association between exposures and health effects in human populations. c. Earth scientists study the negative effects of chemical exposure. d. Earth scientists work with the community to coordinate services to meet the community's needs.

a. Earth sciences explain how pollutants travel in air, water, and soil.

An 8-year-old client has tested positive for West Nile virus infection. The nurse suspects the client has the severe form of the disease when she recognizes which signs and symptoms? Select all that apply. a. Fever b. Rash c. change in mental status d. Lymphadenopathy e. muscle weakness

a. Fever c. change in mental status e. muscle weakness

A child who has pertussis infection is admitted to the pediatric unit. Which of these infection control measures will the healthcare provider use when caring for the patient? Select all that apply. a. Gown b. Hand hygiene c. Mask d. HEPA filter e. N95 respirator mask f. Gloves

a. Gown b. Hand hygiene c. Mask f. Gloves

The hospital infection control practitioner reports new cases of tuberculosis to the public health department. Of what type of surveillance system is this an example? a. Passive b. Active c. Sentinel d. Special

a. Passive

What are possible complications of untreated Chlamydia infection in women? Select all that apply. a. Pelvic inflammatory disease b. Cervical cancer c. Fallopian tube abscess d. Ectopic pregnancy e. Infertility f. Amenorrhea g. Inflammation of the liver capsule

a. Pelvic inflammatory disease c. Fallopian tube abscess d. Ectopic pregnancy e. Infertility g. Inflammation of the liver capsule

A client has been admitted to the hospital with suspected TB. What drugs should the nurse plan to teach the client about before discharge? Select all that apply. a. Rifampin b. Isoniazid (INH) c. Pyrazinamide d. Ethambutol e. Amoxicillin

a. Rifampin b. Isoniazid (INH) c. Pyrazinamide

A client diagnosed with human papillomavirus (HPV) states to the nurse, "I'm not concerned; I know the lesions disappear after a while." The nurse should counsel the client on which of the following? Select all that apply. a. The link between HPV and cervical cancer b. The fact that HPV is a reportable disease c. The need to surgically remove tumors, if present d. The serious complications for men e. The lack of a cure

a. The link between HPV and cervical cancer c. The need to surgically remove tumors, if present e. The lack of a cure

Men with gonorrhea exhibit the following symptoms: select all that apply a. Yellow green discharge b. Dysuria c. Lower abdominal pain d. Swollen testicles e. Amenorrhea

a. Yellow green discharge b. Dysuria d. Swollen testicles

When a community health nurse evaluates the completeness and accuracy of information made available to community residents regarding the impact of rezoning land parcels for industrial use, the nurse is: a. advocating for ethical choices. b. communicating risk. c. controlling environmental damage. d. volunteering for service on state boards.

a. advocating for ethical choices.

An American takes a long-awaited vacation in sunny Mexico, spending days on the beach eating fresh raspberries from a nearby vendor and drinking bottled water. The tourist may be altering: a. agent-host-environment interaction. b. circadian rhythms. c. herd immunity. d. resistance.

a. agent-host-environment interaction.

Nurses in community health conducting health education classes for populations vulnerable to HIV/AIDS should explain the natural history of the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Of particular importance is the fact that the disease may go undetected during the primary infection phase because: a. antibody tests are typically negative. b. the immune system increases antibody production. c. the incubation period is prolonged. d. symptoms include myalgias, sore throat, and rash.

a. antibody tests are typically negative.

Universal Precautions is a policy for all health care settings, where potential contact with blood or other body fluids exists, and requires that health care workers always perform hand hygiene and wear gloves, masks, protective clothing, and other indicated personal protective barriers. The underlying strategy for this policy requires that: a. blood and body fluids of all clients be handled as if infected. b. health care workers effectively use hand hygiene. c. health care settings are reservoirs of infection. d. effective infection control surveillance programs are in place.

a. blood and body fluids of all clients be handled as if infected.

Which of the following tools are used in analytic epidemiology? Select all that apply. a. cohort study b. case-control study c. cross-sectional study d. clinical trials e. community trials

a. cohort study b. case-control study c. cross-sectional study

A multisystem approach to community disease control would include such interventions as: (select all that apply) a. community action programs. b. control of vectors. c. improved surveillance systems. d. legislation. e. provision of chemotherapy.

a. community action programs. b. control of vectors. c. improved surveillance systems. d. legislation. e. provision of chemotherapy.

4) emerging or reemerging infectious disease can be related to microbial adaptation and changes made by the infectious agent. However, most of the emergence factors are related to environmental changes and: a. consequences of human activities/behaviors. b. increase in the number of vectors. c. industrialization and urbanization. d. unpredictable variances in the climate.

a. consequences of human activities/behaviors.

A breast cancer screening program screened 8000 women and discovered 35 women previously diagnosed with breast cancer and 20 women with no history of breast cancer diagnosed as a result of the screening. The prevalence proportion would reflect: a. current and past breast cancer events in this population of women. b. newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer in this population of women. c. past breast cancer events in this population of women. d. the population of women that had no evidence of breast cancer.

a. current and past breast cancer events in this population of women.

Society bears the burden of infectious disease. That burden includes the effects of morbidity and mortality as well as the staggering: a. economic burden. b. fear burden. c. incidence burden. d. vulnerability burden.

a. economic burden.

A strategy that may improve compliance with tuberculosis (TB) treatment is the: a. expansion of directly observed therapy. b. increased tuberculosis testing protocols. c. increased confirmatory testing protocols. d. treatment compliance education.

a. expansion of directly observed therapy.

Protecting the nation's food supply from contamination by all the virulent microbes is complex, costly, and time consuming. However, much foodborne illness, regardless of causal organisms, can be prevented through simple changes in: a. food preparation, handling, and storage. b. importation regulations. c. pesticide usage. d. animal breeding practices.

a. food preparation, handling, and storage.

Patricia lives in a small town that is famous for raccoons and skunks, and she has a cat name Sassy that loves to run around outside on the property. Sassy was bitten by a raccoon while wondering around outside four weeks ago and bit Patricia while they were playing. What are some later signs and symptoms of the rabies virus? (Select all that apply). a. hallucinations b. fatigue c. blurred vision d. hypersalivation e. hydrophobia f. diarrhea

a. hallucinations d. hypersalivation e. hydrophobia

Clinical medicine and epidemiology differ from each other in the major aspect of: a. practice focus. b. health monitoring. c. determinants of health and disease. d. evaluation of interventions.

a. practice focus.

When applying the nursing process to environmental health, the community health nurse would examine criteria that include the immediate and long-term responses of the client to the planned interventions. Another important factor to consider in the evaluation process would be: a. recidivism of the problem for the client. b. consideration of community policy and laws. c. relationship between the disease and the environmental factors. d. coordination of actions to meet the client's needs.

a. recidivism of the problem for the client.

Which of the following are characteristics of RMSF? Select all that apply a. the causative agent multiplies in the endothelial cells of small blood vessels. b. calf muscle tenderness c. treated with sulfonamides d. rash caused by thrombocytosis e. mortality reduced from 25% to 5-7% with treatment

a. the causative agent multiplies in the endothelial cells of small blood vessels. b. calf muscle tenderness d. rash caused by thrombocytosis e. mortality reduced from 25% to 5-7% with treatment

Teaching for patients with a sexually transmitted disease (STD) would include: (select all that apply) a. treatment of sexual partner is important b. douching may help provide relief of itching c. cotton undergarments are preferred over synthetic materials d. sexual abstinence is indicated during the communicable phase of the disease e. condoms should be used during as well as after treatment during sexual activity

a. treatment of sexual partner is important c. cotton undergarments are preferred over synthetic materials d. sexual abstinence is indicated during the communicable phase of the disease e. condoms should be used during as well as after treatment during sexual activity

Twenty people attended a church picnic the previous weekend. By Monday, four individuals exhibited symptoms of food poisoning. On Tuesday, the nurse in community health records the addition of two new cases. The incidence rate would be: a. two new cases divided by 16 at risk. b. two new cases divided by 20. c. six cases divided by 20. d. four cases divided by 16.

a. two new cases divided by 16 at risk.

The neuro changes observed in HIV are a result of (select all that apply): a. viral invasion of the central nervous system (CNS). b. An underlying psychiatric disorder. c. The client's previous drug use. d. A viral invasion of the renal system. e. The side effects of the pharmacological treatment.

a. viral invasion of the central nervous system (CNS). e. The side effects of the pharmacological treatment.

A nurse is providing teaching Joe about H1N1 at a local church for their health education fair. Which statement(s) if made by Joe would require further teaching? Select all that apply. a. "I should wash my hands often and cover my mouth when I cough." b. "I can't spread H1N1 by sneezing" c. "Some of the symptoms I may have include a fever, sore throat, runny nose, body aches, and fatigue" d. "If I test positive for H1N1, I can get a vaccine and antibiotics to treat it" e. " If I have H1N1 it is ok to go to the basketball game to cheer on my son"

b. "I can't spread H1N1 by sneezing" d. "If I test positive for H1N1, I can get a vaccine and antibiotics to treat it" e. " If I have H1N1 it is ok to go to the basketball game to cheer on my son"

Nurses in community health often use epidemiology because in the community it is often difficult to control the environment. Which of the following statements demonstrates an epidemiologic strategy for monitoring disease trends? a. A nurse in community health conducts an education class for clients newly diagnosed with diabetes. b. A nurse in community health investigates a breakout of whooping cough in a local middle school. c. A nurse in community health organizes a health fair at the community health center. d. A nurse in community health participates on a county school board that addresses student health issues.

b. A nurse in community health investigates a breakout of whooping cough in a local middle school.

Nurses should review which of the following reports to determine what pollutants have been found in the drinking water of a community? a. Point source report b. Consumer confidence report c. Material Safety Data Sheet d. Environmental standards report

b. Consumer confidence report

Which of the following statements accurately describe the stress reaction phases a community may experience during a disaster response? Select all that apply. a. Disillusionment and reconstruction is most associated with response efforts. b. During the Heroic phase, there is overwhelming need for people to do whatever they can to help others survive the disaster. c. In the Honeymoon phase, survivors may be rejoicing in that their lives and the lives of loved ones have been spared. d. Disillusionment is the longest phase in the stress reaction process. e. The Disillusionment phase occurs after time elapses and people begin to notice that additional help and reinforcement may not be immediately forthcoming.

b. During the Heroic phase, there is overwhelming need for people to do whatever they can to help others survive the disaster. c. In the Honeymoon phase, survivors may be rejoicing in that their lives and the lives of loved ones have been spared. e. The Disillusionment phase occurs after time elapses and people begin to notice that additional help and reinforcement may not be immediately forthcoming.

A nurse is teaching a group of parents about causes of bouts of diarrhea. Which should she include as causes for this? Select all that apply a. Playing outside in the sun for too long. b. Eating unclean food while traveling. c. Stress d. Eating too much at snack time. e. Schedule changes

b. Eating unclean food while traveling. c. Stress e. Schedule changes

What are the core competencies of the nurse participating in surveillance and investigation activities? Select all that apply. a. Basic patient assessment skills b. Effective communication skills c. Ability to collaborate with community partners d. Advanced practice nurse with secondary science degree e. Leadership and systems thinking

b. Effective communication skills c. Ability to collaborate with community partners e. Leadership and systems thinking

Following the attacks of 9/11, a nurse practitioner in a family clinic used opportunities at the clinic staff meetings to speak about her own feelings of loss and guilt. This strategy indicates that the nurse was aware of what phenomenon related to disasters? a. Anxiety b. Effects of stress on individuals c. Sense of urgency d. Scapegoating and blaming

b. Effects of stress on individuals

A nurse is teaching a group of parents about Salmonella. Which of the following should be included in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) a. Incubation period is nonspecific. b. It is a bactericidal infection. c. Diarrhea is uncommon. d. Transmission can be from house pets. e. Antibiotics are used for treatment.

b. It is a bactericidal infection. d. Transmission can be from house pets.

What interventions should the nurse plan to implement when admitting a client diagnosed with measles? Select all that apply. a. Admit to a semi-private room with a client diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). b. Place a surgical mask on the client when transferring to x-ray. c. Initiate airborne precautions. d. Wear surgical mask when entering the client's room. e. Assign a nurse who has received the measles vaccine to take care of this client.

b. Place a surgical mask on the client when transferring to x-ray. c. Initiate airborne precautions. e. Assign a nurse who has received the measles vaccine to take care of this client.

What are the purposes of disease surveillance in public health? Select all that apply. a. Tries to identify terrorist attacks before they occur b. Provides a means for nurses to monitor disease trends c. Generates knowledge about disease or outbreak patterns d. Allows the nurse to advocate for policy changes e. Reduces morbidity and mortality and improves health through disease trend monitoring

b. Provides a means for nurses to monitor disease trends c. Generates knowledge about disease or outbreak patterns e. Reduces morbidity and mortality and improves health through disease trend monitoring

What is the purpose of using an algorithm in the surveillance process? a. Tells the nurse who to call in the event of an outbreak b. Provides the nurse with a step by step plan to identify events needing investigation c. Provides the nurse with a system for telephone triage in an outbreak d. It is a visual reminder of the epidemiologic triangle

b. Provides the nurse with a step by step plan to identify events needing investigation

A client arrives at the health care clinic and tells the nurse the he was just bitten by a tick and would like to be tested for Lyme disease. The client tells the nurse that he removed the tick and flushed down the toilet. What actions are most appropriate? Select all that apply a. Tell the client that testing is not necessary unless muscle pain develops b. Tell the client to avoid any woody, grassy, areas that may contain ticks. c. Instruct the client to immediately start to take antibiotics that are prescribed d. Inform the client to plan to have a blood test 4-6 weeks after a bite to detect presence of the disease. e. Tell the client that if this happens again, to never remove the tick but vigorously scrub the area with an antiseptic.

b. Tell the client to avoid any woody, grassy, areas that may contain ticks. c. Instruct the client to immediately start to take antibiotics that are prescribed d. Inform the client to plan to have a blood test 4-6 weeks after a bite to detect presence of the disease.

Six students order meals at a local restaurant. Which of the following students are at highest risk for illness? (Select all that apply.) a. The first student asks for a salad with chicken strips and dressing on the side. b. The second student asks for a hamburger, very rare. c. The third student orders a tuna salad sandwich with extra mayonnaise. d. The fourth student orders a breakfast meal with two very soft-poached eggs and toast. e. The fifth student orders a plate of well cooked vegetables.

b. The second student asks for a hamburger, very rare. d. The fourth student orders a breakfast meal with two very soft-poached eggs and toast.

The nurse in community health is aware that HIV-infected children should attend school, because the benefit of attendance far outweighs the risk of transmitting or acquiring infections. School attendance should be reconsidered when there is evidence of: a. availability of homebound instruction. b. cases of measles. c. lack of handicapped access. d. prejudice of teachers and/or students.

b. cases of measles.

To reach the desired goal of maximizing the full immunization rates for preventable communicable disease and increasing herd immunity levels, it is crucial for the nurse to: a. assume that the primary care physician has provided all appropriate immunizations. b. check an individual's immunization status at each and every visit. c. support parents who are reluctant to immunize their children. d. understand the difficulties in obtaining and maintaining immunization schedules.

b. check an individual's immunization status at each and every visit.

Four months after the disaster of 9/11 at the Pentagon, a local EMS worker complained of extreme exhaustion. The veteran EMS worker also stated that the pace of work at the squad was too slow. The occupational health nurse that is assessing the EMS worker recognizes the symptoms of: a. anger. b. delayed stress reaction. c. inability to concentrate. d. insomnia.

b. delayed stress reaction.

The monitoring and public reporting of air quality in a local community to alert individuals with asthma or other respiratory conditions would illustrate: a. compliance and enforcement. b. environmental epidemiology. c. secondary prevention. d. toxicology.

b. environmental epidemiology.

A client presents at the local clinic with acute symptoms of fever, nausea, lack of appetite, malaise, and abdominal discomfort. During the course of the assessment, the nurse determines that the client is a health care aide working at a day care center. These facts are important because: a. acute hepatitis B is self-limiting. b. hepatitis A outbreaks are common in facilities where staff change diapers. c. hepatitis C is the "silent stalker." d. persons with chronic liver disease are at greater risk for hepatitis A.

b. hepatitis A outbreaks are common in facilities where staff change diapers.

A business executive develops symptoms of the flu 1 day after returning by air from a cross-Atlantic business trip that ran for 2 consecutive stressful 10-hour days. This individual's development of flu symptoms illustrates the relationship between: a. host and agent. b. host, agent, and environment. c. risk and causality. d. morbidity and disease.

b. host, agent, and environment.

The recovery phase of a disaster can take a very long time. Nurses need to be aware that despite effective disaster preparedness and response efforts: a. environmental hazards are minimal. b. individuals must ultimately recover on their own. c. the government provides economic support. d. religious organizations must bear the burden of the community.

b. individuals must ultimately recover on their own.

For the nurse to fully understand the threat associated with the release of biological agents and participate in an appropriate response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has stated that the biological agents most likely to be employed are those that both have a potential for high mortality and can be easily disseminated to produce: a. immediately severe symptoms. b. major panic and social disruption. c. multisyndrome effect. d. person-to-person transmission.

b. major panic and social disruption.

Nurses often participate on field assessment teams (surveillance) during a disaster response. These assessments are crucial to best help: a. encourage good intentions of those giving aid. b. match available resources to the population's emergency needs. c. separate casualties and allocate treatment. d. provide compassion and dignity.

b. match available resources to the population's emergency needs.

One of the basic concepts in epidemiology is the concept of risk. Risk refers to the: a. prevalence of an event occurring. b. probability that an event will occur within a specified time period. c. population most likely to develop a disease. d. rate of development of new cases.

b. probability that an event will occur within a specified time period.

Many behaviors place individuals of all ages, genders, ethnicities, or any other factors at greater risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The nurse should include primary prevention interventions in all client encounters through the discussion of: a. partner notification. b. safer sex. c. standard precautions. d. STD testing.

b. safer sex.

A nurse is concerned about the accuracy of the PPD test in identifying cases of TB exposure for follow-up chest x-ray. The nurse's concern is addressing the validity measure of: a. reliability. b. sensitivity. c. specificity. d. variation.

b. sensitivity.

Analytic epidemiology differs from descriptive epidemiology because it searches for: a. "when" of disease patterns. b. "where" of disease patterns. c. "why" of disease patterns. d. "who" of disease patterns.

c. "why" of disease patterns.

An elementary classroom of 28 students has had 13 children who have developed chicken pox over the last 3 weeks. What is the pattern of occurrence? a. Common source outbreak b. Point source outbreak c. Continuous source d. Mixed outbreak

c. Continuous source

Which of the following systems of surveillance is used to monitor trends in commonly occurring diseases? a. Active b. Passive c. Sentinel d. Syndronic

c. Sentinel

Immunity to disease through vaccination is known as: a. natural immunity. b. resistance. c. acquired immunity. d. herd immunity.

c. acquired immunity.

The deliberate release of viruses, bacteria or other germs with the intent of causing illness or death is: a. event outbreak. b. chemical terrorism. c. biological terrorism. d. surveillance.

c. biological terrorism.

The community health nurse asks a client, "Have you ever been exposed to any radiation or chemical liquids, dust, mists, or fumes?" The nurse is conducting an: a. environmental advocacy activity. b. environmental compliance activity. c. environmental health assessment. d. environmental risk communication.

c. environmental health assessment.

A young female client visits a local clinic, seeking treatment for a urinary tract infection (UTI). During the assessment, the nurse conducts an extensive sexual history/activity screening to determine the risk for a sexually transmitted disease and potential complication of: a. genital warts. b. herpes simplex virus 1. c. pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). d. primary syphilis.

c. pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

The Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 increased the protection of infants and children from pesticide exposure from multiple sources by establishing a new health-based standard of reasonable certainty of "no harm" that: a. considers the cumulative impacts of all pesticides that may share a common mechanism of action. b. establishes a 15-year renewal process for all pesticides. c. prohibits taking into account economic considerations when children are at risk. d. uses an additional tenfold margin of safety when there are adequate data indicating developmental risks.

c. prohibits taking into account economic considerations when children are at risk.

An example of secondary prevention for infectious disease prevention is: a. malaria chemoprophylaxis. b. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) chemoprophylaxis for people with AIDS. c. quarantine. d. restaurant inspections.

c. quarantine.

The primary prevention of hepatitis C virus (HCV) includes: a. counseling and follow-up of infected clients. b. routine testing for health care workers. c. screening of blood products. d. testing of high-risk individuals.

c. screening of blood products.

A nurse in community health who teaches a client with asthma to recognize and avoid exposure to asthma triggers and assists the family in implementing specific protection strategies such as removing carpets and avoiding pets is intervening at the level of: a. assessment. b. primary prevention. c. secondary prevention. d. tertiary prevention.

c. secondary prevention.

According to the Minnesota Model of Public Health interventions, what is the first step of surveillance for the public health nurse? a. Organize the data. b. Analyze the data. c. Interpret and disseminate the data. d. Determine if surveillance is appropriate.

d. Determine if surveillance is appropriate.

In the event of a disaster, shelters are generally the responsibility of which of the following entities? a. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) b. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) c. Public Health Service (PHS) d. Red Cross chapter

d. Red Cross chapter

The federal act that grants authority to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) which controls the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste and ultimately called for the phaseout of land disposal of hazardous waste under a later amendment was the: a. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA). b. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). c. Pollution Prevention Act (PPA). d. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).

d. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).

When applying the nursing process to environmental health, the community health nurse would: a. conduct a focused assessment on the presenting problem. b. coordinate interventions with the physician only. c. examine criteria that include only the client's immediate response. d. include outcome measures that mitigate and eliminate the environmental factors.

d. include outcome measures that mitigate and eliminate the environmental factors.

A disease outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome has occurred and has spread over several countries outside the United States. This level of occurrence is said to be: a. hyperendemic. b. sporadic. c. epidemic. d. pandemic.

d. pandemic.

A nurse educator who teaches at the local community college takes the time to read and understand her community's disaster plans and participates in community mock disasters as a leader of the triage team. The best description of the nurse's activities would be: a. ARC disaster training. b. community preparedness. c. personal preparedness. d. professional preparedness.

d. professional preparedness.

During the last stage of AIDS, many opportunistic infections proliferate in persons with weakened immune systems. HIV-infected individuals who live near one another in long-term care facilities, drug treatment facilities, and prisons should be carefully screened before admission because they are at greater risk for acquiring: a. fungal disease. b. invasive cervical cancer. c. oral candidiasis. d. pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).

d. pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).

A population-level tertiary prevention intervention typically performed by nurses and aimed at controlling communicable diseases is: a. HIV test counseling. b. needle-exchange program. c. partner notification. d. standard precautions teaching.

d. standard precautions teaching.

The major factor that has increased Florida's vulnerability to natural disasters in recent decades has been: a. El Niño. b. geography. c. trade winds. d. urbanization.

d. urbanization.

To maintain effective disaster preparedness, nurses working in the community can play a critical role in providing an updated record of: a. immunizations. b. active tuberculosis (TB) cases. c. WIC enrollees. d. vulnerable populations.

d. vulnerable populations.