CommV15 Exam Two

Defensive listening

It's difficult to talk to Kathleen about her plans after graduation as she essentially has none. So when the topic comes up she becomes testy and views comments or suggestions as personal criticism. Kathleen is exhibiting which style of listening?

analytical

Jason tends to withhold judgment until he hears everything a person has said, and he considers all sides of an issue before responding. Jason is a(n) ____________ listener.

Information overload Personal Concerns Rapid Thought Noise

List the barriers to listening

It's always occurring It's primarily relational It's ambiguous It occurs even in mediated messages It is influenced by culture and gender

List the characteristics of nonverbal communication

Culture Gender Social and conventions and roles Mediated communication Emotional contagion

List the influences on emotional expression

Silent Listening Questioning Paraphrasing Empathizing Supporting Analyzing Evaluating Advising

List the types of listening responses.

Information overload

We often choose-understandably and sometimes wisely-to listen mindlessly rather than mindfully due to which barrier to listening?

Interpretations and thoughts

What causes feelings?

Perception checking

What communication technique is recommended in response to ambiguous nonverbal communication?

Listening

What is the most common behavior at work?

Kinesics

When Professor Martinez looked out at the class during her lecture, she noticed David slouched in his seat and assumed he was bored. David's nonverbal behavior is an example of which category? Oculesics Haptics Proxemics Kinesics

attending

Whereas hearing is a physiological process, ____________, the second step in the process, is a psychological one.

Whereas individualists are quite frank about expressing negative emotions toward outsiders, collectivists are more likely to hide emotions such as disliking.

Which assertion is true about culture and emotion? > Whereas individualists are quite frank about expressing negative emotions toward outsiders, collectivists are more likely to hide emotions such as disliking. > Members of highly individualistic cultures feel uncomfortable revealing their feelings to people with whom they are close. > Poland is known internationally as a "culture of cheerfulness." > Asian Americans and Hong Kong Chinese value "high arousal positive affect."

A description of your feelings

Which component of an assertive message is missing from the following? "Because you failed to pick me up this morning, I was late for class and wound up getting called out for it by the professor."

Thumbs up

Which emblem is not universal? A side-to-side head shake Nodding the head up and down Thumbs up Shrugging

Despite some differences, men's and women's nonverbal communication patterns have a good deal in common.

Which of the following assertions is true about gender and nonverbal communication? > Male-female nonverbal differences are more pronounced in conversations between gay and lesbian participants. > Women are less accurate than men in interpreting nonverbal behavior. > Compared to women, men touch others more. > Despite some differences, men's and women's nonverbal communication patterns have a good deal in common.

Silence

Which of the following is a form of primarily nonverbal communication? Sign language Text message Silence Email

Convergence

Which of the following is a strategy of linguistic affiliation and accommodation?

Humanity

Which of the following is an example of language that is neither sexist nor racist? Working mother Humanity Black surgeon Sportsman

"I" language

Which type of language acknowledges that people don't make us like or dislike them?

Unusual names (unusual spellings or pronunciations)

Which types of names are more likely to have negative affects on one's identity and success?

Evaluative

Your friend describes your parents as "traditional," while you describe them as "old-fashioned." Both terms are examples of which type of language?

Listening

a complex process of selecting, attending to, creating meaning from and responding to verbal and nonverbal messages.

Empathizing

a response style listeners can use when they want to show they identify with the speaker. this involves perspective taking, emotional contagion, and genuine concern.

questioning

a type of response in which a listener seeks additional information.

Ambiguous language

consists of words and phrases that have more than one commonly accepted definition.

facilitative emotions

emotions that contribute to effective functioning.

debilitative emotions

emotions that hinder to prevent effective performance.

Verbal expression

expressing emotions using words

Paraphrasing

feedback that restates, in YOUR own words, the message you thought the speaker sent.

Relative language

gains meaning by comparison

Abstraction

generalizing about similarities between several objects, people, ideas, or events.

Euphemisms

innocuous terms substituted for blunt ones.

Phonological rules

these language rules govern how sounds are combined to form words.

rational emotive approach

A way to minimize debilitative feelings. This method is based on the idea that the key to changing feeling is to change unproductive cognitive interpretations.

understanding

Attaching meaning to a message

55%

College students spend ____________ percent of their communication time listening.

Evaluative language

Describes something by use of the speaker's feelings. AKA: emotive language

Being sensitive to the feelings of others

Emotional intelligence involves which of the following abilities?

60%

Executives spend ____________ percent of their communication time listening.

"I" language

Madison is unhappy with what she feels is her roommate's insufficient commitment to household chores like vacuuming and kitchen clean-up. Her roommate, Karen, doesn't perceive a problem, however. What type of language should Madison use when broaching this topic with her?

Intensity Duration Rumination

Name the characteristics of of debilitating emotions

1) Selecting/Hearing (this is physiological) 2) Attending (psychological) 3) Understanding 4) Remembering 5) Responding

Name the five different steps/components to the listening process IN ORDER

Task-oriented Relational Analytical Critical

Name the four different styles of listening.

Mindless listening and Mindful listening

Name the two different ways to process information.

Mindful listening

One of two types of listening: involves giving careful and thoughtful attention and responses to the message we receive.

Mindless listening

One of two types of listening: involves reacting to messages automatically and routinely without much mental investment.

self-talk

Reappraising an event takes place through a form of intrapersonal communication called ____________.

Agreement Offers to help Praise Reassurance Diversion

Supporting is a type of listening response. There are a few different types of supportive responses. List them.

catastrophic expectations

The fallacy of _______________ can set in motion a self-fulfilling prophecy.

fallacy of catastrophic expectations

irrational thinking: Murphy's Law blended with self-fulfilling prophecy

fallacy of perfection

irrational thinking: belief that a worthwhile communicator should be able to handle every situation with complete confidence and skill

fallacy of approval

irrational thinking: belief that it is vital to win the approval

fallacy of causation

irrational thinking: belief that one can do nothing that inconveniences others because it causes undesirable feelings.

fallacy of overgeneralization

irrational thinking: occurs when a person bases a belief on a limited amount of evidence.

fallacy of helplessness

irrational thinking: suggests that forces beyond your control determine satisfaction in life.

fallacy of should

irrational thinking: the inability to distinguish between what is and what should be.

nonverbal communication

messages expressed by nonlinguistic means

linguistic relativity

notion that a language both reflects and shapes the worldview of those who use it.

rumination

recurrent thoughts not demanded by the immediate environment.

Divergence

speaking in a way that emphasizes one's differences

Advising

suggesting how to act; this is the most common reaction when approaching someone else's problem.

remembering

the ability to recall information once you've understood it.

Emotional Intelligence

the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and to be sensitive to other's feelings.

Hearing

the process in which sound waves strike the eardrum and cause vibrations that are transmitted to the brain.

Convergence

the process of adapting one's speech style to match that of other's with whom one wants to identify. (speaking a certain way so that one will identify with others)

sematic rules

these language rules govern the meaning of language as opposed to its structure. > They help us to understand the meaning of individual words. > Cannot always be taken literally in everyday language.

syntactic rules

these language rules govern the way symbols can be arranged to change meaning.

pragmatic rules

these language rules tell us what uses and interpretations of a message are appropriate in a given context. > Context/rules apply differently

"I" statements

these statements clearly identify the speaker as the source of a message. Using these statements is a way of accepting responsibility for a message.

"We" language

these statements imply that the issue is the concern and responsibility of both the speaker and receiver of a message.

"It" statements

these statements replace the personal pronounce I and me with the less immediate construction it's.

Supporting

these type of responses reveal the listener's solidarity with the speaker's situation.

sincere questions

these types of questions are aimed at understanding others.

counterfeit questions

these types of questions are disguised attempts to send a message, not receive one.

Listening fidelity

this is the degree of congruence between what a listener understands and what the sender was attempting to communicate.

Evaluating

this type of response appraises the sender's thoughts or behaviors in some way.

Analyzing

using this action, the listener offers an interpretation of a speaker's message.