COMPOSITION CLEP 16-30

Which of the following does not involve secondary sourcing?

"We found the results to be different from those previously observed" (345).

(1) Winter counts are physical records, mainly drawings on animal hides or muslin, that Plains Indians, primarily the Lakota, used for showing each year of their history. (2) In this method, a year consists of one event recorded as an image in the winter count. (3) People could keep track of other events, such as births and deaths, by knowing the years in which it occurred. (4) In consultation with members of the Lakota people, curators at the Smithsonian Institution created an online exhibit of about a thousand winter counts. (5) Scholars generally agree that collectively, probably, they chose which event would stand for a year. (6) An event chosen to represent a year was not necessarily the most important of that year, just one that was memorable for everyone in the group. (7) One person was the keeper of the winter count. (8) Once the group made its selection, he then recorded this event. (9) Like any calendar, the winter counts named years but did not go into detail about what happened. (10) Here is where the keeper of the winter count came in. (11) He was the group's official historian. (12) He remembered stories passed down to him and could place them in the winter count. (13) He could provide the significance of the events chosen to represent the years in the winter count. (14) Fortunately, several keepers were interviewed and their stories recorded in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. (15) Even without their accompanying oral histories, however, the winter counts show that life for the Lakota was always on the move. The passage as a whole could be clarified by adding which of the following before the first sentence?

A brief paragraph comparing Native American timekeeping methods with calendar-based ones

Cramton, D., & Hinds, P. J. (2005). Subgroup dynamics in internationally distributed teams: ethnocentrism or cross-national learning. Research in Organizational Behavior, 26, 231-263. In the citation shown refers to

A journal article

Which is best to do with sentence 7 (reproduced below)? Environmental chemist Mike Murray claims, "As invasive species like zebra mussels overwhelm the Great Lakes, large stretches of the lakes have become underwater deserts."

Add a citation indicating the source of the quotation from Murray.

Akmajian, Adrian, et al. Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication. 6th ed. Cambridge: MIT P, 2010. Print. In the citation shown, "et al." indicates that the book was

written by several authors

What is the best sentence to start the following paragraph? The Arthurian novel, as seen with Palmerín de Inglaterra and Amadís de Gaula, was very popular at the beginning of the century. It was Cervantes, however, who all but killed the genre with Don Quijote when he poked fun at the knights and magic in these tales. Thus, despite their popularity and the multiplicity of sequels that were published, these novels ceased to exist.

In the sixteenth century, Spanish Arthurian literature became much less popular, as new styles of writing emerged.

(9) Like any calendar, the winter counts named years but did not go into detail about what happened. (10) Here is where the keeper of the winter count came in. (11) He was the group's official historian. (12) He remembered stories passed down to him and could place them in the winter count. (13) He could provide the significance of the events chosen to represent the years in the winter count. (14) Fortunately, several keepers were interviewed and their stories recorded in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In context, which is best to add to the beginning of sentence 13?

In addition,

In context, which of the following is the best revision to the underlined portion of sentence 2 (reproduced below)? Some research shows that audience members are likely to laugh along with the laughter of others in the audience much more frequently than they would laugh at the same performance if viewing it alone.

In fact, some

(1) In the late nineteenth century, librarians began noticing that many of the books in their care were breaking apart and crumbling. (2) Curiously, it was not the oldest books that were deteriorating, but the more recent volumes: those produced since the middle of the nineteenth century with sheets fabricated from a highly acidic wood-pulp mixture. (3) The transition to this lesser-grade stock began during the 1860s, when increasing demand for paper hastened the development of a cheaper process. (4) To improve strength and to prevent ink from being too readily absorbed by the pulp paper, chemicals, including aluminum sulfate (alum), were added to the mix. (5) The result was that documents exposed to humidity produced sulfuric acid, which weakened the molecular structure of the pulp's cellulose. The word "Curiously" in sentence 2 is meant to address which of the following assumptions?

Older objects are likely to disintegrate before objects created more recently.

Which of the following needs to be cited:

Pablo Neruda was the greatest poet of the 20th century.

(1) Winter counts are physical records, mainly drawings on animal hides or muslin, that Plains Indians, primarily the Lakota, used for showing each year of their history. (2) In this method, a year consists of one event recorded as an image in the winter count. (3) People could keep track of other events, such as births and deaths, by knowing the years in which it occurred. (4) In consultation with members of the Lakota people, curators at the Smithsonian Institution created an online exhibit of about a thousand winter counts. (5) Scholars generally agree that collectively, probably, they chose which event would stand for a year. (6) An event chosen to represent a year was not necessarily the most important of that year, just one that was memorable for everyone in the group. (7) One person was the keeper of the winter count. (8) Once the group made its selection, he then recorded this event. (9) Like any calendar, the winter counts named years but did not go into detail about what happened. (10) Here is where the keeper of the winter count came in. (11) He was the group's official historian. (12) He remembered stories passed down to him and could place them in the winter count. (13) He could provide the significance of the events chosen to represent the years in the winter count. (14) Fortunately, several keepers were interviewed and their stories recorded in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. (15) Even without their accompanying oral histories, however, the winter counts show that life for the Lakota was always on the move. Deleting which of the following sentences would most improve the coherence of the passage?

Sentence 4

(1) In observing a live performance such as a play or a stand-up routine, each individual member of the audience is affected by the group's emotional response to the show. (2) Some research shows that audience members are likely to laugh along with the laughter of others in the audience much more frequently than they would laugh at the same performance if viewing it alone. Which of the following, if inserted immediately before sentence 1, would make the best introduction to the passage?

Shared laughter has a powerful influence on an audience's relationship to a performance.

Which one of these sources is probably the least biased?

a book examining the pros and cons of protectionism

While chocolate was highly esteemed in Mesoamerica, where it originated, its adoption in Europe was initially slow. (2) There is a common belief that Europeans needed to "transform" chocolate to make it appetizing. (3) However, while Spaniards did put sugar, which was unknown to indigenous Americans, into chocolate beverages, this additive was not completely innovative. (4) Mesoamericans were already sweetening chocolate with honey, and the step from honey to sugar—increasingly more available than honey because of expanding sugar plantations in the Americas—is a small one. (5) Likewise, although Spaniards adjusted Mesoamerican recipes by using European spices, the spices chosen suggest an attempt to replicate harder-to-find native flowers. (6) There is no indication the Spaniards deliberately tried to change the original flavor of chocolate. The discussion of honey in sentence 4 primarily serves to

refute a particular belief

What is the matter with the style of this paragraph? The number one is difficult. It is hard to define. People have tried. Is it a set? Is it a correspondence? Is it a unit? It is difficult to know. Sometimes less is more. Such a low number is not easy. People have defined it. Others have disproven them. They keep trying for a definition. Perhaps someday we all will agree.

sentence length and variation is highly limited