Compounding Midterm

Quinoline Yellow (E104) and D&C Yellow #10 can be used interchangeably since they are actually the same chemical and share a Color Index number. True False

False

State boards of pharmacy may implement their own pharmacy laws, but it is required that each state enforce mandatory compliance of USP-NF standards. TrueFalse

False

USP-NF Chapter <1191> details visual signs of instability that can be monitored by the compounder while General Chapter <1079> addresses the repackaging of oral solid drug products. True False

False

For compounding components without expiration dates assigned by the manufacturer or supplier, the compounder shall label the container with the date of the receipt and assign a conservative expiration date, not to exceed 5 years after receipt. True False

False (3 years)

Which of the following is NOT used as a neutralizer in carbomer gels Triethanolamine Sodium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Propylene glycol All of the above can be used as a neutralizer

d

Which of the following pharmacologic therapies are options for the management of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy? Vitamin B¬6 Oral contraceptives Antihistamines A and C only All of the above

d

Levigation involves reducing a solid's particle size by triturating or spatulating it with a small amount of insoluble liquid or melted ointment base. True False

t

Many compounds utilize the mechanism of actions of various drugs to produce synergies among the ingredients. True False

t

The ideal molecular weight of a drug for transdermal drug delivery is believed to be 400 or less. True False

t

When powders are going to be incorporated into a suspension, a wetting agent is used to ensure the uniform dispersion of particles. True False

t

Which of the following statements about neuropathic and nociceptive pain is true? Neuropathic pain is triggered by a receptor system in the spinal cord and CNS that produces lancinating and burning pain. Neuropathic pain is typically effectively controlled through the use of opioids. Neuropathic pain includes the more common types of pain that affect the skeletomuscular system, bone, and viscera. Neuropathic and nociceptive pain are basically the same.

A

Which of the following statements about USP Chapters is/are false? A. All standards in USP general chapters under 1000 including Chapters <795>, <797>, and now <800> are viewed as federal guidelines. B. Although some states do not refer to Chapter <797>, this chapter as well as Chapter <800> are legally enforceable under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, regardless of state regulations. C. Statements such as "shall" and "must" indicate requirements while "should" indicates recommended practices. D. a and b E. All of the above

A. All standards in USP general chapters under 1000 including Chapters <795>, <797>, and now <800> are viewed as federal guidelines.

Oxidative drug degradation can be minimized by all of the following approaches except: A. Preparation and storage at high temperatures B. Protection from light C. Removing oxygen from the headspace of the final container D. Use of chelating agents to eliminate metal catalysis

A. Preparation and storage at high temperatures

There are many methods used to adjust the isotonicity of compounded solution. Which of the follow is the most widely used method? A. Sodium Chloride Equivalent Method B. Cryoscopic Method C. Isotonic Solution V Values D. Salt Scaling Method

A. Sodium Chloride Equivalent Method

Which of the following statements is false? When wound tissue has a sufficient blood supply and can support regeneration, phenytoin can stimulate the rapid regrowth of normal tissue. Treatment with thrombin on wounded tissues can produce a striking reduction in odor, purulence, and secretions. Morphine topical cream is effective in relieving pain in areas where there is broken skin. Monsel's solution is effective for controlling bleeding when dabbed on to oozing wounds.

B

Conducting stability tests at elevated temperatures, humidity, and/or light allows efficient data collection in a reasonable amount of time. Typical degradation reactions are too ___________ at room temperature. A. Inaccurate B. Slow C. Imprecise D. Difficult E. Complex

B. Slow

Patients adhering to gluten-free diets must avoid all of the following except: A. Rye B. Corn C. Barley D. Wheat

B. Corn

Which of the following is true regarding instability and incompatibility? A. Instability and incompatibility are similar and interchangeable B. Incompatibility refers to visually evident change and physicochemical phenomena C. Instability includes concentration-dependent precipitation and acid-base reactions D. Incompatibility results in distinctly different chemical entities

B. Incompatibility refers to visually evident change and physicochemical phenomena

Which of the following statements regarding quality assurance and quality control is false? A. A white and black background lighted with non-glaring light is the standard environment used for visual inspection of product/preparation containers. B. Separate SOPs are required for the inspection process of different containers such as ampules, large-volume glass bottles, and amber vials. C. Double checking of the compounding process should be completed by someone besides the compounder. D. None of the above, all are true

B. Separate SOPs are required for the inspection process of different containers such as ampules, large-volume glass bottles, and amber vials.

Which of the following statements about tinctures is true? A. The low alcohol content in tinctures is necessary to maintain the integrity of the preparation B. The alcohol content protects the solution from microbial growth C. Tinctures should not be mixed with liquids that have a similar solvent makeup D. Tinctures are sweetened alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions

B. The alcohol content protects the solution from microbial growth

One assumption of the Arrhenius equation is that the instability reaction is a (n) _______ activated mechanism. A. Diffusion B. Thermal C. Freezing D. Microbial E. Agitation

B. Thermal

A prescriber calls your compounding pharmacy to place an order for Paregoric for a patient. The prescriber wants it in an unsweetened alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solution of nonvolatile substances. Which type of oral liquid will you prepare? A. Extract B. Tincture C. Spirit D. Aromatic Water

B. Tincture

Which of the following statements is false? A. Compounding pharmacies that are currently subject to individual state boards of pharmacy and Good Compounding Practices (GCPs) may not be compliant with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs). B. USP <795> emphasizes sterility while USP <797> emphasizes chemical and physical stability. C. A significant differentiation between the USP definition of "manufacturing" and "compounding" is that compounding involves the practitioner/patient/pharmacist/compounder relationship. D. USP General Chapters numbered less than 1000 are enforceable, whereas Chapters above 1000 are informational.

B. USP <795> emphasizes sterility while USP <797> emphasizes chemical and physical stability.

How can the pH of a buffer system be calculated? A. Using the Henderson-Hasselhoff Equation B. pH = pKa + log (Salt/Acid) C. pKw = pH - pka + log (Base/Salt) D. pKa = pH + log (Base/Acid)

B. pH = pKa + log (Salt/Acid)

An antibiotic solution has a shelf life of 48 hours in the refrigerator (10ºC). What is its estimated shelf life at room temperature (25ºC)? Use a Q10 value of 3. A. 4 hours B. 5.3 hours C. 9.2 hours D. 14.4 hours E. 16 hours

C. 9.2 hours

Which of the following statements regarding taste is false? A. Sweet tastes are usually caused by organic chemicals such as sugars, glycols, alcohols, amino acids, and sulfonic acids. B. Sour tastes are usually caused by acids and these taste buds are located along the lateral sides of the tongue. C. Bitter tastes are almost entirely caused by inorganic compounds and these taste buds are located on the tip of the tongue. D. Salty tastes are caused by ionized salts and these taste buds are located on the tip of the tongue.

C. Bitter tastes are almost entirely caused by inorganic compounds and these taste buds are located on the tip of the tongue.

Preparing suppositories that exert systemic effects is an example of which category of nonsterile compounding outlined by USP chapter <795>? A. Simple B. Moderate C. Complex D. Not enough information

C. Complex

Compounding is distinguished from manufacturing because only compounding requires the _____________________________. A. Preparation of a drug by extraction from substances of natural origin. B. Packaging and labeling of a drug product. C. Existence of a prescriber/patient/pharmacist/compounder relationship. D. Promotion and marketing of products.

C. Existence of a prescriber/patient/pharmacist/compounder relationship.

An oxidative process that can cause the instability of a drug or a drug product is catalyzed by I. Light II. Particle shape III. Presence of free radicals IV. Presence of trace metals A. I and II B. I, II, III C. I, III, IV D. I and III

C. I, III, IV

Saccharin should be used with caution in patients with which of the following allergies? A. Aspirin B. Peanut C. Sulfa D. Penicillin

C. Sulfa

Which of the following statements regarding quality assurance and quality control is false? A. When the term "sterile" appears on a parenteral preparation label, it means that the lot it came from passed USP Chapter <71> requirements. B. Fluid Thioglycollate Medium is a culture media that provides aerobic and anaerobic environments within the same medium. C. Trypticase Soy Broth has a slightly lower pH than Fluid Thioglycollate Medium which is better for the growth of fungal contaminants. D. The diluting fluid may be used to dissolve a sterile solid and to rinse the filtration assembly prior to membrane filtration for a sterility test.

C. Trypticase Soy Broth has a slightly lower pH than Fluid Thioglycollate Medium which is better for the growth of fungal contaminants.

According to USP-NF chapter <795>, which of the following is the preferred chemical grade for all ingredients used when compounding? A. CP (chemically pure) B. Technical (commercial grade) C. USP or NF D. Primary standard

C. USP or NF

Which of the following statement(s) is/are false regarding degradation pathways? A. Hydrolysis occurs when hydroxyl groups directly bonded to phenyl groups are exposed to UV light. B. Epimerization occurs rapidly when the dissolved drug is exposed to a pH of intermediate range. C. Oxidation occurs when esters and amide bonds are exposed to water. D. A and C E. All of the above

D. A and C

Per USP <795>: A. Compounders shall first attempt to use components manufactured in an FDA-registered facility. B. The compounder shall check and recheck each procedure at each stage of the process and have each critical step double checked by a trained second person (when possible). C. It is the responsibility of the compounder to ensure that a training program has been implemented and that it is ongoing. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

To assure the accuracy of a volume dispensed with a syringe... A. Fully submerge the tip of the syringe in the fluid B. Depress the plunger to expel any air bubbles C. Completely fill the hub and needle D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which is an example of pharmaceutical compounding? A. Converting an oral dosage form into a topical dosage form B. Reconstituting a lyophilized powder to form a simple solution C. Preparing a parenteral nutrition solution D. All of the above E. Only A and C

D. All of the above

Which of the following statements about USP Chapter <800> is/are true? A. The new USP Chapter <800> will replace Chapters <795> and <797> to prevent duplication of standards for hazardous drugs. B. Previously a recommendation in Chapter <797>, USP Chapter <800> will require that antineoplastic hazardous drugs requiring manipulation and hazardous drug actives be stored in a negative-pressure room with external ventilation and at least 12 air changes per hour. C. USP Chapter <800> will require the use of ISO Class 5 air quality within an ISO Class 7 physically separate negative-pressure space with external ventilation for hazardous drug preparation. D. B and C E. All of the above

D. B and C

All of the following are advantages of using color additives except: A. Identification of brands B. Increased drug acceptability to patients C. Prevention of counterfeit products D. Decreased perception of quality

D. Decreased perception of quality

Which of the following should be part of a Formulation Record? I. Ingredients and their quantities II. Results from quality control procedures III. Storage requirements A. I only B. III only C. I and II D. I and III E. I, II, and III

D. I and III

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding prescriptions and medication orders? A. Prescriptions are used for institutional care B. Medication orders are used for outpatient care C. Prescriptions may only be used for multiple medications D. Medication orders contain orders for procedures, lab tests as well as instructions

D. Medication orders contain orders for procedures, lab tests as well as instructions

With regards to taste preference by age, which of the following is FALSE? A. Elderly patients have a decreased sense of smell and taste so we may use more flavor for this population B. Adult patients are more tolerant of bitter and tart flavors C. Pediatric patients are more sensitive to taste, usually preferring sweet flavors D. Newborns are the least sensitive to taste so we may use more flavor for this population

D. Newborns are the least sensitive to taste so we may use more flavor for this population

Which of the following statements regarding the categories of non-sterile compounding is true? A. Simple is making a preparation that requires special calculations or procedures to determine quantities of components per preparation or per individualized dosage units. B. Moderate is making a preparation that requires special training, environment, facilities, equipment, and procedures to ensure appropriate therapeutic outcomes. C. Complex is making a preparation that has an assigned BUD from a peer-reviewed journal article. D. None of the above

D. None of the above

Which of the following Quality Assurance documents contains information about what actually happens when a formulation is compounded? A. Formulation Record B. Ingredient Record C. SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) D. None of the above

D. None of the above (Compounding Record)

Which of the following statements about PCAB and ACHC is false? A. Even though PCAB is now a service of ACHC, ACHC will maintain a separate and distinct PCAB accreditation program. B. ACHC accredits long-term care, community retail, and home infusion therapy pharmacies, as well as hospices, sleep centers, and behavioral health organizations. C. ACHC accreditation can serve in place of a regulatory inspection for Medicare conditions of participation, which is important so organizations can bill services for Medicare and Medicaid patients. D. None of the above, all are true

D. None of the above, all are true

Which of the following statements regarding stability-indicating methods is false? A. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) tests can be used to determine the potency of a compound, but not all HPLC tests are stability-indicating. B. Stability-indicating tests conducted properly will differentiate the active ingredient(s) from the degradation products or excipients that may skew results. C. When stability-indicating methods are used in determining potency, the results can be used to determine a beyond-use date for the compound. D. None of the above, all are true

D. None of the above, all are true

What type of instability is being prevented when considering the following recommendations for prevention?: • Adding sodium bisulfite or ascorbic acid to an aqueous formulation • Adding alpha-tocopherol to a nonaqueous formulation • Adding EDTA to a solution that contains a trace metal ion • Sealing an ampule in nitrogen A. Dehydration B. Hydrolysis C. Photolysis D. Oxidation E. Polymerization

D. Oxidation

Which of the following is false regarding USP written standards? A. USP creates the official public monographs for prescription and over-the-counter medications in the United States. B. Governmental agencies, such as the FDA, use USP monographs to test for compliance to the standard. C. USP also creates monographs for food ingredients in processed foods (including colorings, flavorings, nutrients, preservatives, and processing aids). D. Private standards are developed in an open and collaborative process, seeking informed input from independent experts with a wide variety of backgrounds.

D. Private standards are developed in an open and collaborative process, seeking informed input from independent experts with a wide variety of backgrounds.

Which of the following classifications of water should be used when preparing oral aqueous solutions? A. Portable water B. Water for injection C. Bacteriostatic water for injection D. Purified water

D. Purified water

The documentation that provides step-by-step written instructions about how to conduct specific activities in a compounding pharmacy is the _______________________________. A. Formulation record B. Ingredient record C. Compounding record D. SOP (Standard Operating Procedure)

D. SOP (Standard Operating Procedure)

Which of the following statements is false? A. Xanthan gum is a high molecular weight polysaccharide and is soluble in both hot and cold water. B. Cellulose derivatives form colloidal solutions and are less susceptible to fungal activity than gums and mucilages. C. Acacia can be used as a suspending agent for insoluble substances that are in water. D. Sugar alcohols are usually 50% as sweet as sucrose and are not safe for use in diabetic patients.

D. Sugar alcohols are usually 50% as sweet as sucrose and are not safe for use in diabetic patients.

Compounders may not use drug products on the "Not to Compound" list in any dosage forms due to safety issues. True False

False

Flavors are simple mixtures made up of less than 5 chemicals. True False

False

Hydrolytic stability of drugs can be minimized by using which of the following methods? A. Optimization of amino acid sequence B. Optimization of solution pH C. Optimization of ionic strength effects D. A and B E. All of the above

E. All of the above

What factor(s) will affect the beyond use date of a compounded nonsterile preparation? A. Whether it is a non-aqueous formulation. B. Whether it is an aqueous formulation. C. The route of administration. D. B and C E. All of the above

E. All of the above

A beyond-use date: A. Is the responsibility of the manufacturer B. Is the same as the manufacturer's expiration date C. Cannot be assigned without stability literature D. Is generally in the order of years E. Cannot be later than the expiration date of any ingredient used in the preparation

E. Cannot be later than the expiration date of any ingredient used in the preparation

In the absence of stability literature, what is the maximum BUD that can be assigned for an oral aqueous preparation that is compounded with USP/NF chemicals expiring in 1 month based on current USP <795> guidelines? A. 7 days, refrigerated B. 14 days, room temperature C. 30 days, room temperature D. 30 days, refrigerated E. None of the above

E. None of the above

I don't remember

Sorry 😕

Overall, surveys of prescriber's opinions regarding compounding topical pain medications concluded that: Physicians are skeptical of the safety of topical compounds. Physicians feel that topical compounds are at least as effective as FDA-approved, mass-produced topical pain medications. Compounded topical agents are not as safe or effective as narcotic medications. Most patients are not satisfied with their compounded pain medications and only achieve minimal rates of pain relief.

b

A reason for compounding high-dose oral busulfan capsules for the treatment of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) marrow-ablative conditioning is to reduce the pill burden for patients. True False

True

Endotoxin limits are necessary because bacterial endotoxin is expected to be present in all articles at some level. True False

True

Gelatin-containing troches can be substituted with other bases, such as PEG, chocolate, or pectin, to accommodate patients with certain dietary needs. True False

True

Hydrolysis can be prevented by replacing water with propylene glycol or supplying the chemical in a dry powder form to be reconstituted before administration. True False

True

Once a USP monograph is published and becomes official, its requirements must be followed to market that product within the United States or other country that recognizes the USP-NF as its official compendia. True False

True

Overshadowing involves using a flavor such as mint to mask an unpleasant chemical taste. True False

True

PCAB was founded by eight leading pharmacy organizations including APhA, IACP, NABP, NCPA, and USP to create a voluntary accreditation program to improve quality in the compounding industry. True False

True

The Minimum Accurately Weighable Quantity (MAWQ) of a balance can be calculated if the sensitivity requirement of the balance is known. True False

True

The ability to extend a BUD needs to be based on a thorough understanding of the formulation and evaluation of data obtained from properly designed and validated stability-indicating assays. True False

True

The scope of USP Chapter <800> is wider than USP Chapter <797> and encompasses processes beginning with receipt of drugs through administration and disposal of drugs. True False

True

Transdermal (TD) drug delivery involves the passage of therapeutic quantities of drug substances through the skin and into the general circulation for systemic effects. True False

True

Volumetric vessels marked TD (to deliver) will deliver the total volume measured when emptied. True False

True

Home treatment options for diaper rash include all of the following except: Over-the-counter steroid creams Increased frequency of diaper changes Over-the-counter barrier creams or ointments Avoiding cleansing wipes that contain alcohol or fragrance

a

In the English (Wet Gum) Method of compounding emulsions, what is the proper order to add the components? 1 part emulsifier triturated with 2 parts water, then 4 parts oil added slowly, in portions. 1 part emulsifier triturated with 4 parts oil, then 2 parts water added all at once. 2 parts water and 4 parts oil mixed together, then 1 part emulsifier is triturated in. The order of adding components does not matter.

a

Which of the following are ideal characteristics of penetration enhancers? I. Should not promote the diffusion of endogenous compounds in the skin II. Should enhance the penetration in a bidirectional pathway III. Have a synergistic therapeutic effect with active ingredients I only III only I and II only II and III only I, II, and III

a

__________ occurs when the dispersed droplets merge and rise to the top or fall to the bottom of the emulsion. Creaming Coalescence Phase inversion Rancidity All of the above

a

Which of the following practical considerations is not recommended? Using the back of the hand to determine when to pour a heated semisolid when the use of a thermometer is not possible. Constantly and vigorously stir the preparation while heating to ensure thorough mixing of the final preparation. Use a water bath to heat the sides of a beaker if large amounts of product solidifies on the sides None of the above, all are recommended

b

Which of the following should be taken into account when selecting an ointment base? (Select all that apply) Patient sensitivities to certain ingredients Spreadability Condition to be treated Occlusiveness

a, b, c, d

Which technique can be used to incorporate solids into an ointment (Select all that apply) Trituration Levigating the powder before incorporation Pulverization by intervention Dissolving the powder in a solvent

a, b, c, d

Which of the following are potential advantages of using a dermatological preparation over an oral medication? (Select all that apply) Avoidance of metabolism through the first pass effect Can be useful route with a patient experiencing severe nausea and vomiting Better absorption for drugs with larger molecular weights Avoidance of GI pH and enzymatic activity

a, b, d

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true about the Rectal Rocket suppository? (Select all that apply) A special groove on the side of each Rocket allows intestinal gas to escape. It was originally created to treat hemorrhoids and anal fissures. The active ingredients can be absorbed directly and gradually into inflamed tissue during a two hour period. The design of the Rocket allows it to remain in the anal canal without sliding into the rectum.

a, b, d

According to USP-NF Chapter <1191>, all of the following are major signs of suspension instability except? I. Presences of relatively large particles, indicating crystal growth II. Microbacterial growth, which is accompanied by discoloration, turbidity or gas formation III. A caked solid phase that can be resuspended by a reasonable amount of shaking I only III only I and II only II and III only I, II, and III

b

All of the following statements are true except: Cholestyramine ointment is typically reserved for the treatment of severe or refractory diaper rash. Cholestyramine can reversibly bind the bile acid in the feces, pulling it away from the skin. Cholestyramine, when combined with the protective barrier action of an ointment such as Aquaphor, has been reported to provide relief to the infant within hours and complete resolution in as little as three days. Cholestyramine ointment is compounded in strengths varying between 5% - 20%.

b

Because a drug's major route of penetration is through the intercellular channels, the _______ component is considered an important determinant in the first step of absorption. Aqueous Lipid Acidic None of the above

b

If a drop of an emulsion remains in a ball shape when placed on the surface of water, it is likely a(n): Oil-in-water emulsion Water-in-oil emulsion Both

b

Which of the following statements regarding transdermal drug delivery is false? Longer contact time with the skin generally results in greater drug absorption. Percutaneous absorption will increase as the thickness of the horny layer increases. Absorption typically increases as the concentration of the drug in the dosage form increases. All of the above NEXT QUESTION

b

All of the following can be used as preservatives in emulsions except: Alcohol Thimerosal Purified Water Propylparaben

c

Well flocculated suspensions exhibit all of the following properties except: Equal floccule size Clear boundary evident in settling Slow and uniform sedimentation Large sedimentation volume

c

Which of the following are disadvantages of using animal derivatives as emulsifying agents? I. More likely to cause allergic reactions II. Subject to microbial growth and rancidity III. Support the formulation of w/o emulsions I only III only I and II only II and III only I, II, and III

c

Which of the following are properties of colloids in general? I. Display the Tyndall effect II. Display Brownian movement III. Diffuse through semi-permeable membranes I only III only I and II only II and III only I, II, and III

c

Which of the following dosage forms listed is not a semisolid dosage form? Medication sticks Pastes Gels Lozenges Both C and D

c

Which of the following is false concerning common agents in dry-skin preparations? Keratin-softening agents increase the water-holding capacity of the skin. Hygroscopic agents delay moisture loss from a product. Antipruritics increase the moisture content of the material in contact with the skin. Emollients maintain the soft, smooth, and pliable appearance of the skin.

c

Which of the following is true concerning the stratum corneum layer of the skin? It is also known as the basal-cell layer It normally contains between 60% and 80% by weight of water The intracellular spaces contain a mix of hygroscopic substances that help retain water. Excess keratin will inhibit its ability to retain water and cause the skin to dry out and crack.

c

Which of the following sentences regarding the ACOG evidence-based algorithm for treatment of NVP is false? First-line treatment of NVP is a combination of pyridoxine 10 mg and doxylamine 10mg. Second-line treatment for NVP is promethazine in oral, rectal, or transdermal form. Metoclopramide is recommended as first-line treatment for NVP All of the above

c

Which of the following statements are true regarding these active ingredients? Lidocaine is an aminoethylamide that produces slower, shorter, and less extensive anesthesia than an equal concentration of procaine. Ketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory which has been shown to stimulate prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis. Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride can relieve skeletal muscle spasms of local origin as well as muscle spasms caused by central nervous system disease. None of the above, all are false

d

Percutaneous absorption can be increased by I. Penetration enhancers II. Phonophoresis III. Iontophoresis I only III only I and II only II and III only I, II, and III

e

What type of ointment will the following formulation make? Rx: Calamine 25 g Camphor 0.1 g White Petrolatum 75 g Water miscible Water/oil (W/O) emulsion Oil/Water (O/W) emulsion Absorption Oleaginous

e

Which of the following can lead to instability and/or separation of a Pluronic Lecithin Organogel? Hydrochloric salts, such as lidocaine hydrochloride, amitriptyline hydrochloride, and guaifenesin. Overloading with one active ingredient. Overloading with multiple active ingredients. A and C only All of the above

e

You want to incorporate an insoluble drug into the external phase of an absorption base. Which of the following would be an appropriate levigating agent? Water Glycerin Alcohol Propylene glycol Mineral oil

e

Shock cooling should be used when making a semisolid preparation to save time and this can be accomplished by putting the preparation in the refrigerator or freezer. True False

f

Between 2 to 4 grams of a semisolid will be lost during the compounding process. To compensate for this loss, it is recommended to add 10% or 3 grams more material than prescribed. True False

t

In gel preparation, the gelling agent should be added after all agents have been dissolved in the solvent. True False

t