CompTIA Net+ N10-007 Chapter 6: TCP/IP Basics
What would be the largest subnets you could have when breaking a /24 subnet into at least 3 subnets?
/26
What does a class A network address always begin with in binary?
0
What is 42 in binary?
00101010
What is 65 in binary?
01000001
What does a class B network address always begin with in binary?
10
What does a class C network address always begin with in binary?
110
What does a class D network address always begin with in binary?
1110
What does a class E network address always begin with in binary?
1111
What is the loopback address?
127.0.0.1 (or the 127.0.0.0/8 subnet) The loopback address refers to the local system or localhost.
What is 10000011 in decimal?
131
What is the network ID for APIPA?
169.254.0.0/16
What is 00010001 in decimal?
17
What are the private IP address ranges?
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (256 Class C blocks or 65,536 IP addresses) 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (16 Class B blocks or 1,048,576 IP addresses) 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (1 Class A block or 16,777,216 IP addresses)
How many usable IP addresses are available on the 192.168.1.0/24 network?
254. One is reserved for the network ID, and one is reserved for the broadcast ID
What is 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 in decimal?
255.255.255.0
How many host IDs are in a Class B network block?
2^16-2, or 65,534
How many host IDs are in a Class A network block?
2^24-2, or 16,277,214
How many host IDs are in a Class C network block?
2^8-2, or 254
How many bits in an IPv4 address?
32 bits
Port numbers are values ranging from 1 to ________
65535
All DHCP clients are designed to generate a(n) ________ automatically if they do not receive a response to a DHCP Discover message.
APIPA
During which part of the DHCP handshake does the server list the MAC address as well as the IP information given to the client in a database?
Acknowledgement
What does ARP stand for?
Address Resolution Protocol
Which parts of the DCHP handshake are broadcast and unicast when renewing?
All parts are unicast
What does ARIN stand for?
American Registry for Internet Numbers
What was the name of Apple's protocol suite?
AppleTalk
What does APIPA stand for?
Automatic Private IP Addressing
What is the older predecessor to DHCP?
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)
There are three types of ways to send a packet: a __________, which is where every computer on the LAN hears the message; a __________, where one computer sends a message directly to another user; and a __________, where a single computer sends a packet to a group of interested computers.
Broadcast, Unicast, Multicast
Which parts of the DCHP handshake are broadcast and unicast when NOT renewing?
Broadcast: Discover, Offer, Request Unicast: Acknowledgment
What part of a TCP segment checks the TCP header for errors?
Checksum
What are the classes of network blocks?
Class A through Class E.
What is the difference between classful and classless subnets?
Classful subnets are always /8, /16, or /24 (Class A-C), whereas classless are custom subnet masks between the classes like /10, /22, /25
What does CIDR stand for?
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
What is given to the DHCP client after a successful DHCP handshake that states an amount of time the client can hold onto a certain address?
DHCP lease
What is built into most routers, accepts DHCP broadcasts from clients and then sends them via unicast addresses directly to the DHCP server?
DHCP relay
What is the term for a range or pool of IP addresses installed on a DHCP server?
DHCP scope
What is a helpful acronym for remembering the DHCP handshake?
DORA
At the transport layer, UDP ________ get a header before moving to the next layer
Datagrams
The router interface that connects a single LAN to the router is known as the?
Default Gateway
What does DSCP stand for in relation on IP headers?
Differentiated Services Code Point
What are the parts of a DHCP handshake?
Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledgment
What notation is used to make IPv4 human readable?
Dotted Decimal Notation, also referred to as Dotted Octet Numbering System
What does DHCP stand for?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
What is the term used to describe a means of allocation IP addressing in a non-static means?
Dynamic IP Addressing
What happens to an IP packet going from layer 3 to layer 2 in the TCP/IP model?
Encapsulation into a frame.
What part of a TCP segment provides bits that give both sides detailed information about the state of the connection?
Flags
When defining an IP address in a DHCP pool that you do not want handed out to clients what would you use?
IP exclusion
What was the name of Novell's protocol suite?
IPX/SPX
What are the two versions of the Internet protocol?
IPv4, IPv6
What does IANA stand for?
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
What organization tracks and disperses IP addresses to those who need them?
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
What does ICMP stand for?
Internet Control Message Protocol
What does IP stand for?
Internet Protocol
What layer in the TCP/IP model is IP used?
Internet layer
What layer of the TCP/IP model is not part of the higher software stack that make up the TCP/IP protocol suite?
Link. This layer counts on technologies outside the TCP/IP protocol suite (like Ethernet, cable modem, or DSL) to get the IP packet from one system to the next.
What is the term for the address 127.0.0.1? (And 127.0.0.0/8 subnet)
Loopback Address
In DHCP, assigning a specific MAC address to a specific IP address is known as what?
MAC Reservations
What was the name of Microsoft's protocol suite?
NetBIOS/NetBEUI
IANA passes out IP addresses in contiguous chunks called?
Network Blocks
I a subnet, an IP address is split into two distinct logical parts (IDs) known as what?
Network ID, Host ID
During which part of the DHCP handshake does the DHCP server send information including an IP address, subnet mask, and gateway?
Offer
How many DHCP servers can be used in DHCP failover?
Only 2
During which part of the DHCP handshake does the client verify that the offer is still valid?
Request
What is another name for experimental addresses? (Block E)
Reserved
To connect two or more TCP/IP LANs together, a ______ is needed.
Router
What is built into routers as instructions that tell the router what to do with incoming packets and where to send them?
Routing Table
What are the simplified parts of a TCP handshake?
SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK
At the transport layer, data gets chopped into chunks when using TCP. These chunks are known as what?
Segments
What does a computer do to find the MAC address of an IP address in the LAN?
Sends an ARP request to the broadcast MAC address (FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF)
What parts of a TCP segment helps the sending and receiving computers to keep track of the various pieces of data flowing back and forth?
Sequence and ACK numbers
What is the term used to describe manually entering IP address, subnet mask, and default gateways?
Static IP addressing
Which transport protocol do most applications use?
TCP
What protocol(s) and port(s) does DHCP use?
UDP 67 (servers), 68 (clients)
What operating system was the TCP/IP protocol suite used in first?
UNIX
What command can you use to find the MAC address of a MacOS machine?
ifconfig
In Linux what are some utilities to release and renew a DHCP lease?
ifconfig, dhclient
What command can you use to find the MAC address of an interface on modern Linux distros?
ip a
What CLI utility in Windows can you run (with syntax) to see the IP and MAC address of an interface?
ipconfig /all
What command can you use in Windows to manually release a DHCP lease?
ipconfig /release
What command can you use in windows to manually reestablish a DHCP lease?
ipconfig /renew
What is a common command line utility that uses ICMP to check the status of a remote host?
ping
What utility allows you to verify correct network configuration between two or more devices?
ping
In Linux using dhclient, how can you release and renew a DHCP lease?
sudo dhclient -r sudo dhclient
How can you release and renew a DHCP lease on MacOS?
sudo ifconfig eth0 down sudo ifconfig eth0 up
