Computer Concepts -Test 2

Bit

A single zero or a single one

What are storage devices?

A storage device is a piece of computer equipment on which information can be stored. Some examples are; Flash drives, DVDs, CDs, Hard Drives, Magnetic Tape

User Interface

A collective term for all the ways you interact with a software program

Productivity Software

Also called "Application Software," software that allows us to do useful and creative things on the computer. Dependant on what the person is doing (examples for students: Microsoft Word, Notability, Powerpoint)

Application Software

Also called "Productivity Software," software that allows us to do useful and creative things on the computer. Dependant on what the person is doing (examples for students: Microsoft Word, Notability, Powerpoint)

GB

Gigabytes, 1073,741,824 (approx. 1 billion)

MB

Megabytes,1,048,576 (approx. 1 million)

4) What are the most common input devices?

Mouse and Keyboard

MS- DOS

Computer operating system that means Microsoft Disk Operating System

Information

Computers turn raw data into this; conveys meaning and useful to people

Utilities

Does chores that keep your computer running efficiently. Includes anti-virus software, disk defragmentation, automatic backups, and programs like Explorer that allow you to find and move files around your computer

Language Translators

Does not translate English into another language. Translates computer program code into machine code so the computer can process information

Software License

Legal way of licensing software, copyright

What are some of the most popular storage devices?

Magnetic Tape -Data is stored in numbered tracks Optical Storage Devices- Use laser technology to read and write data on silver platters, like CDs and DVDs Solid-State Storage Media- Removable medium that uses integrated circuits such as USB Flash Drive Network Drives- Hard drive or tape connected to a network server and is available to and shared by multiple users

GHz

Measure of processing speed;1,000MHz

Non- Volatile

Permanent, can be changed

Free ware

Software available free of charge

3) What is the difference between system software and productivity software? Give 2 examples of each.

System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer's hardware and application programs. It has 3 types: operating systems (internal traffic cop), utilities software and language translators. Productivity software is software that allows us to do useful and creative things on the computer, this is also known as Application Software. Examples of these are Microsoft Word, Notability, and Powerpoint.

RAM

The storage location that is part of every computer, that temporarily stores open apps and document data while a computer is on; short term memory

System Software

There are 3 types of system software; operating systems, utilities software and language translators

Supercomputer

Used by large businesses, government agencies, and in science and education. Provide centralized storage and processing, and can manipulate tremendous amounts of data.

Online Cloud Computing

When data, applications, and resources are stored on servers accessed over the Internet or a private internal network rather than on a local computer

Server

a computer that provides data to other computers. It may serve data to systems on a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) over the Internet.

USB Ports

a standard cable connection interface for personal computers and consumer electronics devices.

Command Line Interface

a user interface to a computer's operating system or an application in which the user responds to a visual prompt by typing in a command on a specified line, receives a response back from the system, and then enters another command, and so forth.

What are the different types of ports

USB

Expansion Slot

"The Motherboard." connector slots that the controller cards plug into

What are the four parts of the computer system and give an example of each?

1. Central processing unit- is so important it needs it own fan, which sits right on top of it, and has a heat sink and dissipates the heat of the computer, keeping the CPU at a perfect temperature 2. Memory (RAM) - important to save memory and how quickly it processes data and information, the more RAM faster the processing system is 3. Basic controllers-there are different types of controllers. Some control parts of the computer or things that the computer does that people don't want to be responsible for (ex: correct date and time) 4.Expansion slots- Used to enhance the computer for specific needs (ex: better graphics, better sound)

What are the four things a computer does (information processing cycle)

1. Input data - Input 2.Process data - process 3.Stores data and Information-Output 4.Outputs Information - store

ROM

long term memory, permanent, Non volatile memory,store specific instructions that are needed for computer operation. These instructions remain on the chip even when the power is turned off

Cookies

mall files which are stored on a user's computer. They are designed to hold a modest amount of data specific to a particular client and website, and can be accessed either by the web server or the client computer.

MHz

measure of processing speed; 1/1000 GHz

Processor Speed

measures (in megahertz or gigahertz; MHz or GHz) the number of instructions per second the computer executes.

5) What are the most common output devices?

monitors and Speakers

Graphical User Interface

part of operating system that uses the icon and is built into the software

Software

refers to the intangible components of a computer system, particularly the programs

data

refers to the numbers, words, sounds, and graphics that describe people, events, things, and ideas

Shareware

software that is available free of charge and often distributed informally for evaluation, after which a fee may be requested for continued use.

Bloatware

software whose usefulness is reduced because of the excessive disk space and memory it requires.

Memory

stores instructions and data

TB

terabytes,1,099,511,627,776 (approx. 1 trillion)

Windows

the Microsoft Windows operating system released commercially in October 2009

System Unit

the part of a computer that houses the primary devices that perform operations and produce results for complex calculations. It includes the motherboard, CPU, RAM and other components, as well as the case in which these devices are housed. This unit performs the majority of the functions that a computer is required to do.

Computer Output

the result of the computer processing the input you provide, take many different forms, such as printed documents, pictures, audio, and video.

Optical Drive

uses laser technology to store data in the form of tiny pits or bumps on the reflective surface of a spinning polycarbonate disc

Algorithm

rules used to create the coding for software. A process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, very detailed

Bundle-ware

software bundled with something

Compatibility

the ability of different programs to work together and exchange data

Portability

the ability to be easily carried or moved.

Memory Capacity

the amount of data the computer can handle at any given time and is usually measured in gigabytes

Storage

the amount of space able to store something

Mac OS

the computer operating system for Apple Computer's Macintosh line of personal computers and workstations

input

the data or set of instructions you give computer

Computer Network

the hardware and software that makes it possible for two or more computers to share information and resources

computer

an electronic device that accepts information and instructions from a user, manipulates the information according to the instructions, displays the information in some way, and stores the information for later retrieval.

CPU

consists of transistors and electronic circuits on a silicon chip. Responsible for executing instructions and is known as the brain of the computer; also called processor or microprocessor

ROM BIOs

containing instructions to start the system when you turn on the computer

program

data routines that the computer uses to perform a specific task

Open source

denoting software for which the original source code is made freely available and may be redistributed and modified.

Desktop Computer

designed to remain in one location and require a constant source of electricity

Notebook/Laptop

have a hinged lid that contains the computer's display and a lower portion that contains the keyboard. Powered by rechargeable batteries and they easily slip into a bag or briefcase.

Motherboard

is a circuit board that contains integral components -- central processing unit, memory, basic controllers, and expansion slots.- Hardrive

Byte

is a single character, picture and videos take up the most bytes, text messages take up the least amount; 8 bits

Microprocessor

is the brain of the computer; separated into two sections- Arithmetic/Logic Unit and Control Unit, Processor/ Microprocessor, CPU

Software Piracy

is the illegal copying, distribution, or use of software.

Volatile

it an change, not permanent

Operating System

let users communicate with the computer using your own language

Hardware

refers to the physical components of a computer

Ethernet

resembles a telephone jack and allows data to be transmitted at high speeds