Computer Networking (Study Guide)

User Data Protocol (UDP) offers application programs a stream-oriented interface.

False

User Data Protocol (UDP) only allows a 1-to-1 interaction in which the application exchanges messages with exactly one other application.

False

What is the purpose of the Transaction-ID in the DHCP packets?

Provides a value that a client can use to determine if an incoming response matches its request.

An internet address is a unique binary number assigned to a host and used for all communication with the host.

True

IPv6 assigns a unique address for each connection between a computer and a physical network.

True

In the Internet, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a transport-layer protocol that provides reliability.

True

The IPv6 divides header information into a base header and a series of smaller, optional extension headers.

True

User Data Protocol (UDP) only suffices for applications such as voice or video that can tolerate delivery errors.

True

When a fragment is lost the entire packet must be retransmitted.

True

Zero compression is used to reduce the size of the IP address by replacing sequences of zeros with two colons in IPv6 addressing.

True

What IP address indicates the absence of a DHCP Relay Agent?

0.0.0.0

What is the source IP address in the Discover packet?

0.0.0.0

The purpose of the mask field in a forwarding table is to ____________________________________ .

Extract the network portion of an address

How many bits does an IPv6 address occupy

128

What is the network address for the address 172.16.170.112/18?

172.16.128.0

What is the network address for the address 192.168.148.61/23?

192.168.148.0

What CIDR is need to provide 600 host addresses?

22

How many possible suffixes (host addresses) are available in an IPv4 Class C Address?

254

What is the subnet mask for 10.0.0.0/12?

255.240.0.0

What is the subnet mask for CIDR /17?

255.255.128.0

What subnet mast is required to provided addressing for 300 hosts?

255.255.254.0

Which source port number is used as the source port by the server in the Offer and ACK DHCP packets?

67

Which port number is used as the source port by the client in the Discover and Request DHCP packets?

68

UDP is a connection-oriented communication paradigm and that needs to pre-establish communication before sending data.

A CLR is used to clear a connection of congestion

When is an IP address to the client confirmed in the DHCP process?

At the end of the four-message exchange.

A host that connects to multiple networks is called_____.

Multihomed

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection oriented because an application.

Must request that TCP form a connection before it can transfer data and close the connection when transfer is complete.

What is the purpose of the lease time provided in the DHCP ACK packet?

The amount of time a user can connect to the network using this IP address.

What is the purpose of the header in an IP datagram?

The header contains information used to forward the datagram

The primary motivation for the newer version of IP addressing arose from?

The need for a larger address space

Are DHCP messages sent over UDP or TCP?

UDP

A device on a local area network is assigned 192.168.151.200/25. Which of the following apply to this LAN?

•Broadcast address 192.168.151.255 •Network address 192.168.151.128 •Range of available host addresses 192.168.151.129 - 192.168.151.254 •Subnet mask is 255.255.255.128

Because IP is designed to operate over all types of network hardware, including hardware that experiences problems, IP datagrams may be.

•Lost •Duplicated •Delayed or delivered out of order •Delivered with corrupted data

Internet Control Message Protocol is used to _______________________ and ___________________________.

•Send relay error messages •Send informational messages

IPv6 has three address types _____________, _____________ and _____________ .

•Unicast •Multicast •Anycast

The IP address scheme guarantees that each computer on the Internet is assigned_____.

A unique address

The User Data Protocol (UDP) can not distinguish among multiple application programs running on a given computer.

False

The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a transport-layer protocol that provides reliability.

False

The fundamental delivery method used on the Internet is connection-oriented service.

False

The number of entries in a router's forwarding table is proportional to the number of hosts in the Internet.

False

The technique known as sliding window is a flow control that permits a steady stream of data to be continuously transmitted on the Internet.

False

What is the purpose of the TIME TO LIVE field in the IP header?

It prevents a datagram from circulating forever in a circular path.

DCHP does not require each individual network to have a server. Instead, a DHCP ___________ forwards requests and responses between a client and the server.

Relay agent

How does TCP handle packet loss?

Retransmission

What is the subnet mask for CIDR /26?

255.255.255.192

What is the subnet mask for CIDR /28?

255.255.255.240

What is the subnet mask for a CIDR /29?

255.255.255.248

What is the destination IP address in the Discover packet?

255.255.255.255

The IP address 127.0.0.1 is commonly used to test network applications and is called ______________________ .

A loopback address

Address resolution is

A mapping between a protocol address and a hardware address.

The SOURCE ADDRESS in an IP datagram contains a list of addresses for all intermediate routers a packet passes through as it travels across the Internet.

False

Address Resolution Protocol forms a conceptual boundary in the protocol stack: layers below ARP use IP addresses, and layers above ARP use MAC addresses.

False

Which IP address class provides the largest number of host identifiers?

Class A

Address Resolution Protocol is used for address binding for IPv4 and IPv6 addressing.

False

Address masks in an Internet forwarding table can never overlap.

False

An IPv4 address identifies an application on a specific computer.

False

What is the purpose of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)?

DHCP allows a computer to move to a new network and obtain configuration data without manually making the changes.

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) is used for routing data through an autonomous system.

False

A packet sent across a TCP/IP Internet is called an IP

Datagram

An IPv4 address that contains all zeros is used to indicate _____.

Default router

Hardware failure is the most common reason for delay and packet loss.

False

Software displays IPv4 addresses in a notation that is more convenient for humans to understand called ____________ notation.

Dotted decimal

IPv4 is being replaced by IPv6 due to a variety of flaws associated with the original IPv4 address schema.

False

Replay errors occur when a duplicate packet arrives causing packets to arrive out of sequence.

False

The IPv4 datagram has a variable length header which makes header processing efficient.

False

The IP source address and the __________________________ field is used to reassemble fragments that arrive out-of-order in an IP datagram.

Identification

The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) are end-to-end protocols and are in which layer of the TCP/IP model?

Layer 4 Transport

The User Datagram Protocol is characterized as end-to-end protocol. How does UDP identify an application program as an endpoint?

Protocol Port Numbers

Colon hexadecimal notation is used to

Reduce the number of characters used to write an address

Transport protocols use _____ to handle duplicate packets and out-of-order packet deliveries.

Sequencing

In the IP address assignment 10.53.113.0/24, what does the number 24 represent?

The number of bits assigned to the network address

A host computer with multiple network connections is said to be multi-homed.

True

A virtual packet is hardware independent and each host or router on the Internet contains protocol software that recognizes these Internet packets.

True

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cannot be used to resolve the address of another computer on a remote network.

True

Each User Data Protocol datagram is encapsulated in an IP datagram for transmission across the Internet.

True

Each packet of data that crosses the Internet travels independently and contains information that identifies the intended recipient.

True

Network Address Translation (NAT) allows multiple computers at a site to share a single, globally valid IP address.

True

Ping and traceroute commands are both forms of Internet Control Message Protocol messages.

True

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) handles IP address assignment and dispute resolution.

True

The User Data Protocol (UDP) does not divide a message into multiple packets, and does not combine messages for delivery-- each message that an application sends is transported across the Internet and delivered to the receiver.

True

The User Data Protocol (UDP) is less complex and easier to understand than the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).

True

The appropriate response to congestion consists of reducing the rate at which packets are being transmitted.

True

To handle ambiguity that arises from overlapping address masks, Internet forwarding uses a longest prefix match.

True

Transport protocols do more than detect errors; sophisticated transport protocols employ techniques that can repair or circumvent problems.

True

In the TCP 3-way handshake the following are all true except.

Virtual Connections

Connections provided by TCP are achieved in software and are called

Virtual connections.

To control the flow of data, TCP uses a ____________ to measure in bytes the amount of buffer space available.

Window

An optimization that replaces sequences of zeroes in a IPv6 addresses is called_____.

Zero compression