Computer Science Final (Chapters 7-14)

Libaries

Code ____ contain a large collection of prewritten program units.

One to many

High-level language and machine language are related ____.

Compiler

High-level languages must be translated into machine language prior to execution by a special piece of system software called a ____.

Compiler

If a branch of a parse tree does not produce code, the ____ must still create a semantic record for the new nonterminal .

Instructions

One might say he is writing a Turing machine to do a particular task when he really means that he is writing a set of ____.

Animation

One of the most powerful and useful forms of scientific visualization is image ____.

Pair

One of the principles of agile software development is ____ programming which involves two programmers at a single workstation.

Physical

Testing a model airplane in a wind tunnel to understand how the full-sized aircraft would behave is an example of a ____ model.

Symbolic

The Church-Turing thesis says that any ____ manipulation task that has an algorithmic solution can also be carried out by a Turing machine executing some set of Turing machine instructions.

Computing Agent

The Turing machine captures all of the properties that are essential for a ____.

Software Development Life Cycle

The ____ is the overarching sequence of steps needed to complete a large-scale software project.

Scientific

The ____ method entails observing the behavior of a system and formulating a hypothesis that tries to explain its behavior.

Halting

The ____ problem deals with deciding if a collection of Turing machine instructions will ever halt.

Tape

The ____ serves as the Turing machine memory.

Agile

The ____ software development philosophy recognizes that problem specification is never a "done deal," and that there are bound to be changes.

Language

The collection of all statements that can be successfully parsed is called the ____ defined by a grammar.

Functional

____ programming specifies various transformations of data and then allows combinations of transformations to be performed.

Nonterminals

____ such as and must be further defined by one or more rules that specify the exact construction.

COBOL

____ was designed to serve business needs such as managing inventories and payrolls.

Illustris

A group of researchers from the Physics department at MIT tracked the evolution of the cosmos from a few hundred thousand years after the Big Bang up to the current time, 13.8 billion years later using a model called ____.

Scanner

A lexical analyzer is more commonly known as a ____.

Simulation Model

A physical system that is modeled using a set of equations and algorithms that capture the properties and behaviors of the system is referred to as which of the following?

Linker

A piece of system software called a(n) ____ inserts object code from code libraries into the object code for a requesting program.

Procedural

A program written in a ____ language consists of sequences of statements that manipulate data items.

SQL

A(n) ____ query does not give specific directions as to how to retrieve the desired result from a database; instead, it merely describes the desired result.

Semantics

____ is the meaning behind correctly written programming statements.

Global

____ optimization can produce enormous savings in time and space.

Clock

A(n) ____ governs the action of a Turing machine.

Interpreted

A Python program is ____, which means that it is translated from source code into object code every time it is executed.

Memory

A Turing machine is different in scale from any real computing agent in one respect: ____.

Turing Machine

A ____ is a theoretical model of computation that includes a (conceptual) tape extending infinitely in both directions.

Model

A ____ of a new design may reveal major flaws without the time, expense, and potential danger of building a prototype.

Parameter

A simulation can easily model fractions of a second or billions of years, because time is simply a ____ in an equation.

2 billion

A typical laptop computer executes roughly ____ instructions per second.

Specification

After a project is determined to be feasible, we move on to the problem ____ phase.

Executable

After object code from a code library has been inserted into the object code for a requesting program, the resulting object code is often called a(n) ____ module.

Microsoft Intermediate Language

All .NET programs-in whatever language-are compiled into ____ code.

Procedural

All ____ language programs tell the computer how to manipulate the contents of memory locations step-by-step.

Event

An ____ is any activity that changes the state of a system.

Make decisions based on previous input and stored information

Any computing agent should be able to do all but which of the following?

One to one

Assembly language and machine language are related ____.

Memory Addresses

C includes a data type called pointer that contains ____.

Manipulation

Data ____ converts data to other forms or to different units so that information is easier to understand and interpret.

Presentation

Data ____ determines the optimal format for presenting data.

Extraction

Data ____ determines which values are important and should be included and which values can safely be omitted.

Code Optimization

During the compilation process, ____ is the next step after code generation.

Instructions

Each programming language has a certain core of ____ that are considered standard.

Manipulation

Every symbolic ____ algorithm can be done by a Turing machine.

GO TOs

Excessive and careless use of ____ in FORTRAN can make a program very difficult to read.

Natural Language Understanding

For many years, ____ was viewed as the single most difficult research problem in computer science.

Parse tree

If a parser cannot produce a(n) ____ for a high-level language statement, then that statement is not correctly formed.

Parity Bit

If any odd number of bits is changed from a 1 to 0 or from a 0 to 1, then the ____ is incorrect.

Logic

In ____ programming, various facts are asserted to be true, and on the basis of these facts, a program can infer or deduce other facts.

Alphabet

In a Turing machine the symbols contained in the cells on the tape come from a finite set of symbols called the tape ____.

Primitives

In a functional programming language, certain functions called ____ are defined as part of the language.

Event

In a model of a department store, a customer purchasing an item is an example of a(n) ____.

Arrows

In a state diagram, ____ represent transitions from one state to another.

Efficient and Concise

In addition to correctness, a compiler's second goal is that the code it produces should be reasonably ____.

Methods

In an object-oriented approach, functions used to carry out subtasks are also called ____.

Random Access

In procedural languages ____ memory stores and fetches values to and from memory cells.

Parsing

In the ____ phase, the sequence of tokens formed by the scanner is checked to see whether it is syntactically correct according to the rules of the programming language.

Parsing

In the field of compiler design, the process of diagramming a high-level language statement is called ____.

Scanner

It is the task of the ____ to discard nonessential characters, such as blanks and tabs, and then group the remaining characters into high-level syntactical units such as symbols, numbers, and operators.

Applications

Java ____ are complete standalone programs that reside and run on a self-contained computer.

Algorithm

No distinction is made between a Turing machine as a computing agent and the ____ it carries out.

Turing Machine

No one has ever been able to propose an algorithm for a task that a(n) ____ could not perform.

stochastic components

Parts of a system that display random behavior are known as ____.

Computer Graphics

The field of ____ is concerned with the technical issues involved in information display.

Petaflops

The massively parallel Chinese Tianhe-2 supercomputer, which runs at a rate of 34 ____, will be executing computational models in the area of fluid dynamics.

BNF

The most widely used notation for representing the syntax of a programming language is called ____.

Continuous

The time that a body takes to fall through space is modeled as ____.

Debugging

____ is the process of locating and correcting program errors; it can be a slow and expensive operation that requires as much effort as writing the program in the first place.

High-level

Ultimately, a computational model is translated into a computer program written in a ____ language and executed on a Von Neumann computer.

XML

Using the markup language ____, the writer can create his or her own tags.

C#

____ is designed to make improvements over C++ in safe usage, and it shares many features with Java.

Correctness

When the machine language code produced by the compiler does exactly what the high-level language statement describes, and nothing else, this is known as ____.

PHP

Which of the following is a server-side scripting language, that is, its programs run on the web server computing system rather than on the user's own machine?

Python

Which of the following is an open source programming language?

Prolog

Which of the following is the best-known logic programming language?

Is always the same scale or larger than the real thing

Which of the following is typically not a characteristic of a model?

Java

Which of the following languages does not provide modularity via functions?

Ada

Which of the following languages is not case sensitive?

Ada

Which of the following languages uses the ampersand (&) for string concatenation?

The Church-Turing thesis is not widely accepted by computer scientists

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A Turing machine executing an algorithm to solve some task must halt when begun on a tape containing input appropriate to that task.

Which of the following statements is correct?

An assembly language program can run on any machine.

Which of the following statements regarding assembly language is false?

FORTRAN

Which of the following was the first high-level programming language that was actually implemented?

Tokens

____ are syntactical units that are treated as single, indivisible entities for the purposes of translation.

Terminals

____ are the actual tokens of the language recognized and returned by a scanner.

Parity Bits

____ are used to detect errors that occur as a result of electronic interference when transmitting information in electronic form.

C

____ combines the power of a high-level language with the ability to circumvent that level of abstraction and work at the assembly-language-like level.

HTML

____ documents consist of the text to be displayed on a webpage, together with a number of special characters: tags that achieve formatting, special effects, and references to other similar documents.

Logic

____ errors are errors in the algorithm used to solve the problem, such as using incorrect steps to solve a problem.

Runtime

____ errors occur when a program is run using certain sets of data that result in some illegal operation, such as dividing by zero.

F#

____ has list-processing capabilities; instead of taking a list and extracting the first element or the rest of the list minus the first element, it builds up a list by pushing an element onto the front of the list.

Oberon

____ is a new language recently announced by Apple that is designed for building apps on the iOS and OS X operating systems.

Scientific Visualization

____ is an enormously important part of computational modeling; without it, we could not interpret a model's results.

Go

____ is an open source language developed at Google.