Computers and Applications Unit 10: Programming

syntax

The set of rules that specify the sequence of keywords, parameters, and punctuation in a program instruction

Prolog

used for artificial intelligence applications and Expert systems

Pseudocode

a notational system for algorithms that is less formal than a programming language.

Second generation languages

added a level of abstraction to machine languages

Scripting Languages

Ruby, Perl, PHP

a decision table

a tabular method for visualizing and specifying rules based on multiple factors.

Paradigm

a theory or a group of ideas about how something should be done, made, or thought about.

a keyword instruction

a word with a predefined meaning.

a text editor

any word processor that can be used: For basic text editing tasks Writing email Creating documents Coding computer programs

Object-oriented paradigms

programs are defined as objects and methods that interact to perform a specific task.

Visual Development Environment

provides programmers tools to build substantial sections of a program by pointing and clicking rather than typing lines of code

a logic error

is a runtime error in the design of the program

a procedural language

A programming language that supports the procedural paradigm

software engineering

a development process that uses various techniques to reduce the cost and complexity of a computer program while increasing its reliability and modifiability

a flowchart

a graphical representation of the way a computer should progress from one instruction to the next as it performs a task.

a function

a section of code that is part of a program but is not included in the main sequential execution path

Computer Programming

encompasses a broad set of activities that include: Planning Coding Testing Documenting

Declarative paradigms

focus on the use of facts and rules to describe a problem

Fourth-generation languages

high-level languages that more closely resembled human languages (C++, Java, etc.)

Scripting languages

human-readable statements not requiring a compiler, that are often sued for web development.

a runtime error

occurs when a program runs instructions that the computer can't execute

a suntan error

occurs when an instruction does not follow the programming language syntax rules

polymorphism

sometimes called overloading, is the ability to redefine a method in a subclass;

Procedural paradigms

step-by-step that the computer must carry out to solve problem

Third- generation languages

such as COBOL and Fortran, were used extensively for business and scientific applications

first generation languages

the first machine languages programmers used

Source code

the human-readable version of a program created in a high-level language by a programmer

known information

the information supplied to a computer to help it solve a problem.