COMS 130 Midterm

__________ is an organizational pattern where several distinct yet interrelated ideas are used to advance a larger idea. a. Spatial b. Causal c. Categorical d. Chronological

Categorical

1. __________ has/have become a central tool in modern research-a tool every student would be wise to learn to use proficiently. Subject directories Database searching Interviewing by e-mail Interviewing by telephone

Database searching

1. The speaker said "I believe CPR should be taught in our high schools but only if taught by a certified instructor and certification standards are rigorously employed." In her statement, "CPR" constitutes a/an __________. acronym connotation concrete word technical word

acronym

1. The best psychological defense for speech anxiety is __________. being able to say to yourself that you are prepared being able to say to yourself that the speech will soon be over having the knowledge that most of the audience are poor listeners knowing you won't be expected to do very well since you're a novice speaker

being able to say to yourself that you are prepared

1. Joel recognizes the distinctions between people of different races. As a result, he is __________. more likely to offend and alienate various members of a diverse audience clearly racist in his views which may become apparent when he talks better equipped to talk effectively with members of a diverse audience a clear instance of someone undergoing the process of America's melting pot

better equipped to talk effectively with members of a diverse audience

As ethical speakers, we a. can be more persuasive if we omit information that does not support our argument b. can expect to achieve an ideal degree of objectivity if we research properly c. must eliminate our personal feelings when we speak about issues d. cannot be completely neutral toward ideas we know or care about

cannot be completely neutral toward ideas we know or care about

1. Luke explained the roots of the green energy cooperative in his city and how it had blossomed into the robust entity it is today. His overview of its evolution followed a _________ organizational pattern. chronological/sequential Categorical Spatial Causal

chronological/sequential

1. To enhance one's effectiveness as a speaker, one must recognize that audience analysis is a process that __________. is best completed before the day of the speech requires that the speaker meet with some audience members while preparing continues, even as one presents his or her speech is best limited to geographic factors, income bracket, and educational level

continues, even as one presents his or her speech

1. The press secretary stated, "The survey revealed widespread support for the policy." In this statement, the word "widespread" constitutes a __________ modifier. commenting dangling defining active

defining

In U.S. culture, __________ make(s) a speaker come across as more truthful, candid, open, and trustworthy. a. eye contact b. gestures c. movement d. facial expressions

eye contact

In her informative speech, Radharani discussed Colin Powell's popularity by citing a recent poll that concluded that 63% of Americans wanted Powell to run for president. What type of supporting material is Radharani using? a. expert testimony b. lay testimony c. inferential statistics d. descriptive statistics

inferential statistics

1. The ultimate purpose of a __________ speech is to help the audience gain some understanding of a theory, concept, process, program, procedure, or other phenomenon. commemorative persuasive actuating informative

informative

1. One should avoid __________ when brainstorming during a self-inventory. using a set of categories to help you generate ideas for topics writing down all of the possibilities that come to you quickly determining whether you'll be able to get enough material for a topic working rapidly to record anything that comes to your mind

quickly determining whether you'll be able to get enough material for a topic

1. Lauren presented a speech to acquaint listeners with the National Wildlife Foundation's Backyard Wildlife Certification, hoping to arouse her listeners' interest and curiosity so they would pursue the topic further. Her speech functioned to __________. share ideas raise awareness articulate alternatives dispel misinformation

raise awareness

1. If you need assistance in the library to determine which indexes would prove most helpful as you shop around for information, where should you go for help? the circulation desk the reference desk the multimedia center the periodicals area

the reference desk

1. What recent historical event "interrupted" the downward trend in "political consciousness and engagement"? the attempted assassination of President Reagan the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 the success of unmanned missions to Mars the debate over the "Dream Act"

the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001

Professional speechwriters, such as former presidential speechwriter Peggy Noonan, typically compose a speech by __________. a. producing a draft that is pretty much ready as written b. producing an introduction that makes possible the need for minimal drafts c. working through multiple drafts, likely a dozen or more d. working through a draft, conducting some research, and then finalizing

working through multiple drafts, likely a dozen or more

1. The best way to describe outlining, when it comes to preparing for a speech, is __________. you develop it continuously over time as you prepare your speech you construct it prior to gathering information and ideas you construct it after you have gathered information and ideas you construct it after you have drafted a manuscript version of the speech

you develop it continuously over time as you prepare your speech

Using __________ helps the audience take "mental notes" so they can remember what is said. It also makes clear to them how everything in the speech fits together, it points to a desired response, and it contributes to the speaker's ethos. a. suitable language b. a logical pattern c. temporal context d. a process perspective

a logical pattern

1. Kwan is finalizing his speech, assembling a full-sentence outline that will display his ideas and arguments in fully developed form, complete with supporting material, to provide a blueprint of his speech for his instructor. At the end, he supplies a complete bibliography of sources. Kwan has created a __________ outline. working keyword formal critical

formal

1. Of the following, which would have the most saliency to taxpayers in the greater Houston, Texas, area? Project Texas Fresh Approach relies on prison labor to raise vegetables. Prisoners raise fresh vegetables for themselves and the Houston Food Bank. The Houston Food Bank pays the three cents per pound cost for growing. These low-cost vegetables will feed prisoners and the needy while saving revenue.

These low-cost vegetables will feed prisoners and the needy while saving revenue.

Of the following words, which is MOST likely to evoke strong connotative meaning? a. cathedral b. exit ramp c. fundamentalist d. prevailing winds

fundamentalist

1. Public speaking in a democratic society must be __________. grounded in a strong code of ethics and a commitment to the public good careful to avoid tough political issues that some might find offensive loyal to the views of an established political party, even when controversial effective in discouraging dissent and criticism in an attempt to achieve consensus

grounded in a strong code of ethics and a commitment to the public good

1. In order to help your audience learn, you should be careful to __________. supply them with list after list of facts and figures during your presentation include ample extraneous information so they will know more than the basics create several summary tables for each of your subsidiary purposes limit the number of details and translate statistics into audience-specific terms

limit the number of details and translate statistics into audience-specific terms

1. Of all the principles of effective delivery, __________ is among the most important. maintaining good eye contact with your listeners using movement to help signal transitions providing highly animated gestures smiling in order to build credibility

maintaining good eye contact with your listeners

1. In his speech, Keenan underscored how AIDS was a widespread problem, offering the following points. Which organizational pattern has he used? I. AIDS is a problem in our urban areas. II. AIDS is a problem in our suburbs. III. AIDS is a problem in our small towns. spatial categorical transitional chronological

spatial

Speakers with __________ do all they can to avoid speaking in public, even if the "public" is a group of people they know from their church or neighborhood. Even informal speeches to small groups make these people nervous. a. trait anxiety b. state anxiety c. stage fright d. shyness

trait anxiety

1. Riley has chosen a speech topic that she cares little for. As a result, what might transpire during her speech? Her speaking anxiety will subside while she speaks because she will realize she has no genuine concern with the topic. She will have virtually no anxiety, even at the beginning of her speech, since she feels no concern with her topic. Her speaking anxiety will increase since she has not chosen a topic that diverts her attention to a desire to share her message. Her speaking anxiety will increase at first but then will subside once she remembers that a speaker must be able to speak about insignificant matters.

Her speaking anxiety will increase since she has not chosen a topic that diverts her attention to a desire to share her message.

1. __________ allows us to talk about the past and the future, and things that are absent. It also allows us to conceptualize ideas. Abstract language Parallelism Alliteration Concrete language

Parallelism

1. Jayson Blair is no longer a New York Times reporter. His blatant use of stolen and fabricated stories led not only to his own forced resignation, but also to the resignations of two high-ranking editors at the Times. What can we learn from this incident? We can no longer trust the mainstream news media to tell the truth. "If it bleeds, it leads" is what even reputable papers do to increase readership. Our society has become increasingly obsessed with punishing white collar crime. Penalties for plagiarism are severe and the consequences can be devastating.

Penalties for plagiarism are severe and the consequences can be devastating.

1. Rick wonders whether he should place her keyword outline on note cards for his delivery or to print it out on full sheets. How should you advise him? Avoid note cards as there is insufficient space for delivery hints. Practice with each method to see which of the two you prefer. Full sheets make no sense as there is too much wasted space. Use note cards! They are superior because you can use both sides.

Practice with each method to see which of the two you prefer.

1. As a normal part of the writing process while preparing a speech, you will sketch out several versions of this while you continue to read, learn, and think critically about your topic and specific purpose for speaking. working outline keyword outline diagnostic tool formal outline

working outline

1. When you think of making a speech as a burden or something you "have to do" for a class or for your job, you are more likely to __________. experience a severe level of communication apprehension experience a moderate level of communication apprehension experience a low level of communication apprehension experience no detectable level of communication apprehension

experience a severe level of communication apprehension

1. Which of the following is a technique a speaker might use to help listeners learn? Present list after list of facts and figures, so they will learn a great deal. Avoid repeating information and ideas to avoid boring the audience. Involve listeners actively, such as posing provocative rhetorical questions. Keep all coverage predictable, using familiar facts and common examples.

Involve listeners actively, such as posing provocative rhetorical questions.

1. A friend of yours is taking his first public speaking class and is experiencing some nervousness. As he approaches his first speech, what might be the best advice you could give him? Just look over listeners' heads while you speak, to give the appearance of directness and ease your anxiety. Moderate anxiety can be an asset to your performance; channel that extra adrenaline into a more dynamic presentation. Avoid practicing the speech; practicing will only diminish your speech's spontaneity. Prepare a carefully written, detailed outline and read it to the audience to help you control your anxiety.

Moderate anxiety can be an asset to your performance; channel that extra adrenaline into a more dynamic presentation.

1. __________ is one of the most obvious aspects of public speaking, and it shapes your listeners' first impressions of your skills as a speaker. Your writing Your delivery Your intellect Your key ideas

Your delivery

1. When we view the speaker and listener as exchanging messages and negotiating meanings, we have adopted a view of communication that is known as a __________. transactional model linear model passive model nonverbal model

transactional model

1. To support assertions made in a speech adequately, a speaker should __________. provide numerous examples and statistics and very little testimony provide abundant expert testimony and minimal statistical support concentrate, principally, on providing solid statistical data use a variety of good evidence, making clear its credibility

use a variety of good evidence, making clear its credibility

1. Americans tend to admire individualism as a trait, while also placing great stress on the need for teamwork. This example illustrates that __________. we all share basic human needs, each of which must be satisfied American culture is inherently flawed; we have lost a sense of good and bad audience adaptation is essentially impossible in contemporary American society we possess a network of interlocking values, some of which conflict with others

we possess a network of interlocking values, some of which conflict with others

1. Roberto liked the senator's idea that legislators should not vote themselves another pay increase until they have raised the minimum wage. He used the idea in his speech, choosing to paraphrase rather than quote the senator verbatim. What is Roberto's ethical responsibility while presenting that idea? Using his own wording removes the need to acknowledge the senator. Even though he's using his own wording, he must give credit to the senator. He should cite the senator only if the senator is someone his listeners respect. He should quote the senator verbatim, rather than dare use other language.

Even though he's using his own wording, he must give credit to the senator.

__________ are especially good for making general principles or abstract notions interesting and meaningful to an audience. They interject life and meaning into the ideas you are communicating, making them vivid and memorable. a. Statistics b. Examples c. Definitions d. Expert opinions

Examples

1. At a recent meeting of several student organizations, a representative from the Boys & Girls Club implored listeners to volunteer with their organization to help continue its long, successful record of mentoring youth throughout the nation. In soliciting their desire to be a part of something larger, the spokesperson appealed to __________ needs. esteem safety belonging self-actualization

belonging

1. When contemplating what would make a good topic for your next speech, you should consider what you already care about and know. You should do so because __________. you likely have a speech, ready-made in your head, that you can write up you should choose a topic about which you are already an expert the most effective speeches are those you could give "off the top of your head" you will be motivated to learn more about a topic if it is truly meaningful to you

you will be motivated to learn more about a topic if it is truly meaningful to you

1. In her speech to local officials, Cooper-a respected epidemiologist-noted how the newly designed influenza vaccine would better protect citizens in allregions of the United States. How would you evaluate her inclusion of this observation? She risks losing their attention by noting implications for others rather than focusing solely on them. She risks losing their attention by not narrowing the topic so to focus on a single potential outbreak. By emphasizing consequences for everyone, they would likely find her more interesting and convincing. She is on questionable ethical ground as her speculative remarks could generate unwarranted fear and panic.

By emphasizing consequences for everyone, they would likely find her more interesting and convincing.

1. __________ serve as notes for speakers. Formal outlines Keyword outlines Working outlines Rough outlines

Keyword outlines

1. __________ speaking allows the speaker to exercise considerable control over language, timing, and more. Impromptu Manuscript Memorized Extemporaneous

Manuscript

1. __________ has long been considered an important part of democratic citizenship. The ability to contribute campaign dollars The ability to communicate in public The ability to hold a political office The ability to expose an opponent's shortcomings

The ability to communicate in public

1. One student wanted to give a speech with the specific purpose that he wanted his listeners to understand how to receive satellite television signals secretly so they could avoid paying for the service. In terms of ethical considerations, how should we advise the speaker? The speech would be unethical, as it advocates unlawful activity. The speech, although ethical, does present a moral dilemma. The speech would only be unethical if physical harm occurred. The speech is ethical since what is broadcast belongs to us all.

The speech would be unethical, as it advocates unlawful activity.

1. Michele tells you that she plans to deliver her speech from her formal outline. From what you read in Chapter 9, how would you adviser her? It makes good sense to have the complete record at your disposal. The advantage of doing so is the audience will see that you are well prepared. Doing so is okay, provided you transfer the complete outline onto note cards. Doing so is unwise as you may be tempted to read rather than speak to listeners.

Doing so is unwise as you may be tempted to read rather than speak to listeners.

1. Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding communication apprehension? Scholars do not study communication apprehension, believing it to be too rare to study. Few speakers experience what can be referred to as communication apprehension. Most of us experience only occasional or moderate communication apprehension. Most of us frequently experience what is known as high communication apprehension.

Most of us experience only occasional or moderate communication apprehension.

1. __________ allows you to revise your speaking notes until you feel confident about delivering the speech, and will contribute to a relaxed, conversational style of delivery. Mind mapping your thoughts as you gather information Creating a blueprint of your speech with a formal outline Diagnosing your speech with multiple working outlines Practicing with and refining your keyword outline

Practicing with and refining your keyword outline

__________ denies the essential humanity of those who are different, casts them as inferior, and thus severely limits the potential for communicating successfully. a. Role expectations b. Stereotyping c. Ethnicity d. Racism

Racism

1. Rumi has identified her topic and now is at the library, ready to research. How should she proceed? Skim through titles, abstracts, and readings to determine which are most valuable. Carefully read every article that seems promising, taking comprehensive notes. Photocopy or print out every article that seems promising, pausing to read the best. Begin by reading books, then locate and read articles and encyclopedia entries.

Skim through titles, abstracts, and readings to determine which are most valuable.

The phrase "March Madness," which refers to college basketball's national championship tournament, uses which type of language device? a. simile b. antithesis c. alliteration d. personification

alliteration

During the televised debate, one candidate said, "My opponent's plan to improve the economy is focused on short-term growth. It is unlike our plan, which may seem less robust in the short term, but will provide us a solid, healthy recovery and long-term growth and prosperity." With this statement, the candidate has employed the use of __________. a. contrast b. comparison c. an actual example d. a hypothetical example

contrast

1. In his groundbreaking book The Process of Communication, scholar David Berlo argued that all communication, including public speaking, should be viewed as a __________. process game of wits linear activity means of self-promotion

process

The director discussed the inner workings of the Teen Challenge program by escorting listeners on a virtual tour of the typical buildings in a Teen Challenge community, explaining what transpires in each of the facilities-from the woodshop to the maintenance garage to the educational building. The director employed a __________ pattern of organization. a. causal b. spatial c. categorical d. chronological

spatial

1. Desari is uncertain whether she should cite a source regarding how survival rates have dramatically improved the past few decades for several types of cancer. She thinks the progress should be common knowledge and, hence, require no use of source material, but she is not sure. What would you advise her to do for her speech? Trust your instincts that such progress is, indeed, common knowledge. Know such progress is common knowledge and your classmates should know so. Ask for a show of hands during your speech to discern whether to cite a source. Verify what you believe in one or more reputable sources and cite one of them.

Verify what you believe in one or more reputable sources and cite one of them.

1. Jason has gathered information about the audience he will address in an upcoming speech, as well as information about the speaking situation. As a result, he will likely __________. noticeably lessen his communication apprehension noticeably intensify his communication apprehension have no discernible effect on his communication apprehension diminish his listeners' desire to listen carefully and constructively

noticeably lessen his communication apprehension

1. Marika selected the following topic for her informative speech: "Working Women in Contemporary America." She concentrated on three main areas in the presentation: the current status of women in the labor force; the impact of working women on marriage patterns; and male reactions to the increasing number of women in management. Which pattern of organization most clearly describes this specific speech pattern? categorical chronological spatial cause-to-effect

categorical

1. Pamela discussed the Green Energy Program's four major commitments: clean energy, renewable energy, independence from foreign suppliers, and economic growth. Organizing her speech in this manner constituted using a __________ pattern. causal spatial categorical chronological

categorical

1. Yusef organized his speech carefully, which according to scholars, will __________. enhance credibility and promote learning but have little impact on retention enhance credibility but have little impact on learning or retention enhance credibility as well as promote learning and retention promote learning and retention but have little impact on credibility

enhance credibility as well as promote learning and retention

1. For the most part, basic gestures and movements by a speaker should __________. be eliminated, inasmuch as possible, as they can distract an audience be planned and rehearsed in advance, or otherwise suppressed while speaking occur spontaneously as the speaker interacts with the audience utilize unique gestures and movements that become one's "trademark"

occur spontaneously as the speaker interacts with the audience

1. When using statistics, it is important to __________. use a surplus to make your speech more impressive use the mean as an average, as it is more reliable than the median or mode avoid inferential statistics, since they do not represent observable facts present statistical information in clear, meaningful terms

present statistical information in clear, meaningful terms

1. A __________ introduces your main ideas, offering a roadmap so that listeners can more easily follow your speech. thesis statement specific purpose preview summary

preview

1. When using note cards for one's delivery, speakers should avoid __________. putting any marginalia on the cards. reading from your notes when trying to quote precisely. staring at your notes or using them as a crutch. holding your notes comfortably, and in full view.

staring at your notes or using them as a crutch.

1. If you decide to administer an audience survey during class, which of the following is sound advice? Limit your survey to a few good questions that can be answered in the time available. Make your survey as comprehensive as possible. Avoid asking open-ended questions. Avoid having your classmates to select a response from a list of options.

Limit your survey to a few good questions that can be answered in the time available.

1. Jerome took classes in public speaking and history, and he reads widely about current events from reputable news agencies. As a result, he honed his ability to evaluate claims, weigh all the evidence, and come to reasoned conclusions based on a careful examination of the arguments on all sides of an issue. Jerome has become __________. a citizen-critic a consumer watchdog a proponent of competing claims an advocate skilled in manipulation

a citizen-critic

1. Charly can fire up her team at half-time in the locker room with inspiring remarks, and she can lead a pep rally at the high school assembly with great enthusiasm and no discomfort. When she is to address boosters at the end-of-the-semester banquet, however, she experiences significant communication apprehension. Charly exhibits what scholars of Communication Studies refer to as __________. trait anxiety state anxiety stage fright shyness

state anxiety

1. A person who experiences speaking anxiety no matter what the context, topic, or audience, has what scholars of Communication Studies refer to as __________. trait anxiety state anxiety stage fright shyness

trait anxiety

1. Which of these speakers would do best to use a manuscript? Isaki, who must convince his wealthy audience to purchase expensive investment products Keza, who has been asked to give a brief talk to undergraduates about important safety issues Aadan, President of the Student Government Association, who will deliver a statement to your school's Board of Trustees Ysabel, who is going to deliver a speech on the ethical treatment of animals in her public speaking class

Aadan, President of the Student Government Association, who will deliver a statement to your school's Board of Trustees

1. What is one of the greatest advantages of including some open questions on your audience survey? Audience members prefer responding to open questions. Responses to open questions tend to be the most valid. You can avoid the inclusion of irrelevant information. You can gain insights into why audience members hold their beliefs.

You can gain insights into why audience members hold their beliefs.

If you address a topic that really matters to you personally, what physical symptoms of anxiety will likely transpire as you present a speech? a. Your physical symptoms will soon intensify. b. Your physical symptoms will remain constant throughout. c. Your physical symptoms will soon subside. d. Your physical symptoms will aggravate you and your listeners.

Your physical symptoms will soon subside.

1. According to the guidelines for delivering a memorized speech, which of the following is central to memorization? focusing on the performance you must deliver focusing on the exact words you will say focusing on achieving "automatic pilot" focusing on the ideas you are communicating

focusing on the ideas you are communicating

1. Scholars report that as you give more speeches, you will __________. undoubtedly find that you no longer need to employ strategies for managing communication apprehension no doubt find strategies for managing communication apprehension that work especially well for you find that fewer and fewer strategies for managing communication apprehension continue to work for you discover the absurdity of feeling any communication apprehension since today's listeners rarely listen constructively and carefully

no doubt find strategies for managing communication apprehension that work especially well for you

1. In a speech advocating generous government subsidies for offshore fish farms, Emma noted how a farm two miles from Puerto Rico and 90 feet below surface produces an amazing quantity of organically grown fish in an environmentally friendly manner. In relating this instance, Emma provided __________ as supporting material. an actual example a hypothetical example authoritative testimony symbolism to convey a moral

an actual example

1. Taking deep breaths before giving a speech, __________. speeds up your heart rate, and makes it more likely that you will rush through your speech. makes you sleepy and increases the likelihood that you will forget what you're saying. relaxes you and gives you better vocal control. dries out your vocal cords, and gives you a raspy voice.

relaxes you and gives you better vocal control.

1. American history is, in large measure, a history of people who made a difference by ____. speaking out silencing their opponents following, without question, elected officials outspending their opponents during campaigns

speaking out

1. Baxter locates an article in Time magazine about the nutritional value of frozen foods. What type of source has he found, and how would we judge its quality? scholarly source and good quality substantive news source and good quality popular source and good quality sensational source and good quality

substantive news source and good quality

1. Information literacy involves __________. the ability to locate information using traditional means such as foot searches and the use of LOC subject headings the ability to locate information using electronic means, and send findings to oneself via e-mail the ability to paraphrase information from sensational sources so that it is credible enough to be used in a speech the ability to recognize when information is needed and how to locate it, evaluate it, and use it effectively

the ability to recognize when information is needed and how to locate it, evaluate it, and use it effectively

If your school's library features a printed version and an electronic version of the same index, which should you use? a. the printed version, since it allows you to thumb through the pages physically b. the electronic version, since it likely is more efficient in speed and expanse c. either one, because neither offers any substantive advantages over the other d. either one, because both are produced by the same source

the electronic version, since it likely is more efficient in speed and expanse

1. During college, Jo avoided speaking in public due to the extreme dread she felt. Even now, several years into her career, she remains generally apprehensive whenever called upon to speak-no matter what the context, topic, or audience. Scholars would say Jo suffers from __________. trait anxiety state anxiety stage fright shyness

trait anxiety

Irina is presenting a problem-solution speech where she has just noted the problem NASA is facing with funding, and she is moving into an area discussing viable solutions. Which sentence(s) best fulfill the requirements of an effective transition for that speech? a. "Now that I have established the problem, I will look at possible solutions." b. "Let us now look at possible solutions that will keep us going 'where no man has gone before.'" c. "As I have just said, NASA needs approximately $60 million to continue the construction of the space station because we are so far behind schedule. NASA also is working with less money than ever before due to competition with other government agencies and programs. But we can find money in any number of places, and specifically through taxes, cuts in military funding, and from our partners in the project." d. "The point is simple-NASA is strapped for cash and the space station project is in jeopardy. This need not be the case. As I will suggest, there are three funding alternatives that will allow us to continue our quest in space."

"The point is simple-NASA is strapped for cash and the space station project is in jeopardy. This need not be the case. As I will suggest, there are three funding alternatives that will allow us to continue our quest in space."

When paraphrasing, what is one's ethical responsibility with regard to citing sources? a. Cite the source only if doing so would bolster your own credibility. b. There is no need to cite a source since you are using your own words. c. Cite the source only if the audience would be familiar with the source. d. Cite a source any time you have used another person's ideas or insights.

Cite a source any time you have used another person's ideas or insights.

1. If you aspire to be an effective public speaker, how should you regard keeping up with local, national, and world news? Doing so constitutes a good source for generating topic ideas, but little else. Doing so allows you to identify potential speech topics and begin forming opinions and arguments. Doing so can be useful for acquiring good examples if you are addressing a hot-button issue. Doing so is of minimal value since so much of today's news is presented from a biased point of view.

Doing so allows you to identify potential speech topics and begin forming opinions and arguments.

__________ allows you to record early thoughts, experiment with different organizational strategies, consider whether evidence "fits" by visualizing the relationship between ideas and supporting material, and endeavor to improve the delivery of your speech. a. Mental rehearsal b. Mind-mapping c. Brainstorming d. Outlining

Mind-mapping

1. __________ refers to any interference that distorts or interrupts message flow. Feedback Noise Nonverbals Context

Noise

1. Biff feels strongly that motorcycle riders should not be required to wear a helmet. He asks whether you think it is a good idea for him to pursue that topic for his next speech. Using what you learned from the textbook, how can you best respond to him? Drop the topic and choose something you feel more positively about. Drop the topic and choose something you have no predispositions about. Stick with the topic since you have obviously already formed a point of view. Stick with the topic but be open to the possibility that you will modify your view.

Stick with the topic but be open to the possibility that you will modify your view.

1. Whenever Jozef hears a speaker use the word "holocaust," he becomes visibly shaken and sometimes begins to weep. His response suggests which of the following? Jozef considers the word "holocaust" to be an oxymoron. The word "holocaust" has strong denotative meaning for Jozef. The word "holocaust" has strong connotative meaning for Jozef. Jozef considers the word "holocaust" to be heavily ironic.

The word "holocaust" has strong connotative meaning for Jozef.

1. Yukiko's instructor is allowing students to administer an audience survey in the class as they prepare themselves for their next speech. How should Yukiko proceed? pose as many questions as she can think of, to yield more information craft a few good questions that can be answered in class craft questions that supply responses and do not require elaboration avoid inquiring about their age, political affiliation, or religion

craft a few good questions that can be answered in class

1. The primary purpose for having a keyword outline is to__________. create the illusion that the speaker is speaking from memory create the impression that the speaker has prepared carefully for the presentation encourage as much interaction between the speaker and listeners as possible reduce the amount of paper the speaker will have to carry to the podium

encourage as much interaction between the speaker and listeners as possible

1. When evaluating examples, it is important to recognize that __________. hypothetical examples are fictional and should be avoided atypical examples are unrepresentative and should be avoided even atypical examples can be important specific examples are unrepresentative and should be avoided

even atypical examples can be important

1. In 2007, when President Bush wanted to increase the number of U.S. troops deployed to Iraq, he referred to the action as a "surge." Opponents of the increase referred to it as an "escalation," a term associated with painful memories of the war in Vietnam. This use of language, by both sources, illustrates __________. how politicians behave unethically when they interject opinion into debate how inconsistencies, when present in debate, complicate efforts to resolve them how qualifiers must be justified in order to not mislead listeners how definitions can be persuasive, not merely informative

how definitions can be persuasive, not merely informative

1. Speakers will want to choose their topic and coverage carefully, so their message will have saliency for their audience. In other words, the topic and coverage should be __________. historical, meaning it reviews an event the audience will have lived through controversial, meaning it is a matter the audience likely has heard debated trendy, meaning it reviews something currently making headlines important, meaning it has great personal relevance to the audience

important, meaning it has great personal relevance to the audience

1. Although the various types of informative speeches are not always distinct, they all share a common goal, which is to __________. increase audience understanding foster audience belief and specific attitude lay preliminary groundwork for persuasion to occur motivate listeners to alter their belief and take specific action

increase audience understanding

During a recent political campaign, two candidates debated Medicare. Each candidate suggested that the other would significantly diminish medical benefits for the elderly and promised to fight to preserve Medicare for generations to come. In terms of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the candidates were appealing to the audience's need for __________. a. self-actualization b. love and belonging c. worth and importance d. personal safety

personal safety

1. To use language ethically, a speaker should __________. avoid controversy and use lively, vivid wording that is aesthetically pleasing shock the audience, to the point of generating discomfort, so they will understand the ethical importance of the speech use language true to his or her own character, even if it might be uncomfortable for the audience, since it is unethical to not be true to yourself try to promote mutual respect, and avoid language the audience may find offensive

try to promote mutual respect, and avoid language the audience may find offensive

QUESTION 45 1. Students who are good listeners __________. are often less willing to change their minds once they are made up habitually irritate classmates by being too inquisitive frequently irritate classmates by being too talkative usually perform better in their classes

usually perform better in their classes

1. Janalynn, a licensed dermatologist, is walking downstairs to a care-plan meeting with a medical team. While en route to the meeting, the head of the team calls her, requesting that, during the meeting, she brief them on a particular disease. Janalynn has a very short time to prepare-the amount of time it takes to walk down the hall and a flight of stairs to the meeting room. She jots out a few notes on the outside of a file folder, quickly organizing her remarks to discuss symptoms, progression, and treatments. Her briefing goes well. Jan has successfully presented a(n) __________ speech. memorized manuscript impromptu extemporaneous

impromptu

1. Empathic listening is defined as __________. listening with the goal of detecting what is being emphasized providing cues to the speaker to speed up their delivery listening with the goal of showing understanding and support listening with the goal of showing one's knowledge of a subject

listening with the goal of showing understanding and support

1. The careful listener will note that his or her initial impression of a speaker is likely based principally upon the speaker's __________. announced topic announced purpose physical appearance mental argument

physical appearance

1. Liz noticed that several recent movie releases showed stars smoking a particular brand of cigarettes. As a double major in communication and psychology, Liz knows the power of those images to influence viewers to mimic the behavior. For her next speech to her public speaking class, Liz thinks she might explore whether product placement in movies should be regulated, especially in light of restrictions long governing the advertising of certain harmful products. How should Liz proceed? pursue the topic, since it is meaningful to her and can be made so for her audience select a different topic since she is obviously biased in her view of the subject select a less-specialized topic since many of her listeners major in other areas modify her topic to explore something more meaningful than attending movies

pursue the topic, since it is meaningful to her and can be made so for her audience

1. Following the guidelines for using statistical information and evaluating evidence, which of the following is the best use of statistics in Brett's speech on gun control? "According to the U. S. Department of Justice, guns were the weapon used in 15,456 murders in 1992." "According to the latest U. S. Department of Justice figures, ten children are killed by gunfire every day. That is the equivalent of everyone in this classroom being killed over just three days." "According to a poll sponsored by controlhandguns.org, 72% of Americans favor stricter limitations on handgun sales." "According to the U. S. Department of Justice, guns were the weapon used in 70 percent of the reported murders in 1995. This proves the need for gun control."

"According to the latest U. S. Department of Justice figures, ten children are killed by gunfire every day. That is the equivalent of everyone in this classroom being killed over just three days."

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding audience adaptation? a. Audience adaptation occurs during the planning phases, while you are preparing your speech. b. Audience adaptation mostly occurs during the opening moments of your speech as you recast your introductory remarks. c. Audience adaptation primarily involves altering your delivery style, rather than your content. d. Audience adaptation is an ongoing process, involving strategy, style, and responses.

Audience adaptation is an ongoing process, involving strategy, style, and responses

1. What is the relationship between communication apprehension and one's personal and professional success? Communication apprehension can be a significant barrier to personal success, but it has no significant impact on professional success. Communication apprehension can be a significant barrier to professional success, but it has no significant impact on personal success. Communication apprehension can be a significant barrier to personal success, as well as a significant barrier to professional success. Researchers have yet to examine these contexts and instead focus on the impact of communication apprehension in the academic setting.

Communication apprehension can be a significant barrier to personal success, as well as a significant barrier to professional success.

1. Adam is 34 years old and returning to college for the first time in 14 years. Having worked for several years, he thinks students need to become more aware of the importance of saving for retirement. Adam developed his specific purpose: "I want my audience to increase the amount of their paycheck they have diverted into a retirement plan." What is the principal flaw in this specific purpose? It needs to consider the specifics of the situation and audience. The actions specified for the audience are overly vague. It overestimates the potential benefits to the audience. It assumes gender uniformity in terms of investing behaviors.

It needs to consider the specifics of the situation and audience.

Joe is trying to finish his speech about gun control. He reads on a blog that death rate due to gun violence has risen 12% in the last year but cannot figure out how the blogger arrived at the number. What is the best choice Joe can make? a. Cite the blogger, but not mention that she is a blogger and not an expert. b. Paraphrase the statistic in his own words instead of citing it directly. c. Keep searching for a better source on gun violence, rather than cite the blogger. d. Cite the blogger, but mention that she is a blogger and not an expert.

Keep searching for a better source on gun violence, rather than cite the blogger

1. What is the relationship between listening and speaking? They are virtually unrelated, as one involves message generation and the other involves message reception. One can more easily improve speaking skills than listening skills. One can more easily improve listening skills than speaking skills. Listening carefully to others provides insights for effective speaking.

Listening carefully to others provides insights for effective speaking.

1. Which of the following are good pointers for using note cards for one's delivery? Use both sides of the card, to lessen the total number needed, and use a larger font size than you would if using sheets of paper for notes. Use both sides of the card, to lessen the total number needed, and number the cards, so you can quickly reassemble them if dropped. Use a larger font size than you would if using sheets of paper for notes, and number the cards, so you can quickly reassemble them if dropped. Number the cards, so you can quickly reassemble them if dropped, and avoid cramming too much material onto any one card.

Number the cards, so you can quickly reassemble them if dropped, and avoid cramming too much material onto any one card.

1. Which of the following suggestions might help Talia decrease her anxiety when she speaks to the city council for her first time? She should accept realistic expectations of her success considering it is her first speech to the city council. She should plan what she wants to say but not practice it aloud until she arrives at the meeting in order to keep her ideas fresh. She should prepare in advance so that she can begin practicing her presentation a few days prior to the meeting. She should arrive at the meeting just before it is her turn to speak so that her anxiety does not have time to build.

She should prepare in advance so that she can begin practicing her presentation a few days prior to the meeting.

1. Condi feels strongly that individuals should not be required to have health insurance. She asks whether you think it is a good idea for her to pursue that topic for her next speech. Using what you learned from the textbook, how can you best respond to him? Drop the topic and choose something you feel more positively about. Drop the topic and choose something you have no predispositions about. Stick with the topic since you have obviously already formed a point of view. Stick with the topic but be open to the possibility that you will modify your view.

Stick with the topic but be open to the possibility that you will modify your view.

1. __________ escort the listener through the speech, connecting ideas while simultaneously reinforcing those ideas. Supporting materials Preview statements Main points Transitions

Transitions

1. Todd and his roommates nearly died from carbon monoxide poisoning one winter, due to a faulty furnace in the apartment they rented. City code required landlords to provide smoke detectors but not carbon monoxide detectors. Todd presented a speech urging City Council to also require landlords to equip rental properties with a working carbon monoxide detector. His speech appealed to __________ needs. esteem safety belonging self-actualization

safety

1. Antwaan is trying to draft his speech but his thinking seems "stuck." What might cognitive psychologists recommend that he do? abandon the topic for another continue on task, forging ahead take a brief rest, a "time out" return to the library to research

take a brief rest, a "time out"

1. Shalla stays well informed on current events and issues. What impact will this have on her ability to listen effectively? It will impact her ability negatively, as she will become more prone to daydream about tangential matters rather than listen. It will impact her ability positively, as she can better assess the quality of the message and pose thoughtful questions. It will essentially have no impact since what she will encounter in a speech is different than what she will encounter in media reports. It will impact her ability negatively, as she will be less inclined to listen to others due to thinking that she is sufficiently informed already.

It will impact her ability positively, as she can better assess the quality of the message and pose thoughtful questions.

1. Jamie is giving a speech from memory, and she realizes that she has begun to use different words than she had planned. What advice would you offer Jamie? Pause and rephrase your remarks, so that you use the precise words you had planned. Just continue speaking, focusing on the point you wish to make and not worrying too much about the exact words. Stop speaking and start the speech over again, so that you give it precisely as intended. Wrap up your comments, as quickly as possible, and go directly to questions.

Just continue speaking, focusing on the point you wish to make and not worrying too much about the exact words.

Which of the following is sound advice to follow when you develop the conclusion of any speech? a. The conclusion is an excellent place to mention any information that you neglected to provide earlier. b. The conclusion can be short or fairly long, depending on what you need to cover. c. The conclusion should be relatively brief. d. Some speeches do not need formal conclusions; rather, it might be best to just stop speaking and go directly to questions.

The conclusion should be relatively brief.