Concept 4

inbreeding

crossing individuals who are closely related

GMO

genetically modified organism; these are organisms that are altered by recombinant DNA technology for desired traits

gene therapy

inserting a normal gene to fix or replace an abnormal or absent gene

transformation

inserting recombinant DNA into host cells

selective breeding

Artificially breeding for a desired trait

CRISPR

a gene editing technique that helps us to understand the genetics behind many diseases. It repairs genes that are already there.

gel electrophoresis

a labratory method that uses an electric current to separate DNA fragments based on their molecular size

Genome

an organism's complete set of DNA; all of its genes

gene cloning

produces multiple identical copies of a gene

pharming

production of pharmaceuticals in farm animals or plants

Biotechnology

refers to any technology used to change the genetic makeup of living things to make products

gene map

show the location of genes on a chromsome

Genetic engineering

the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology

Stem cells

undifferentiated cells that have the potential to become anything

restriction enzymes

used to cut strands of DNA at specific locations

Describe two examples of genetic engineering. Include your description examples of societal implications.

One example of genetic engineering is personal genome sequencing which is using DNA sequencing technologies to have your personal genome sequenced. Societal implications include that you could become more susceptible to diseases, and whatever trait you change could be passed on to your offspring. Another example is genetically modified organisms. These are organisms that are altered by recombinant DNA technology for desired traits. Societal implications: This can cause health problems.

Describe the overall goal of genetic engineering and how we are able to accomplish it.

The goal of genetic engineering is to ensure that an organism expresses a desired trait. We can accomplish this by looking at the body's genome and figuring out what part of the body we are going to change. From there, we can use DNA amplification or gel electrophoresis to change or replace the DNA.

polymerase chain reaction

a technique that allows you to copy a piece of DNA without a cell

hybridization

a type of selective breeding between unrelated organisms

Recombinant DNA

artificially made DNA from 2 or more different sources