ConceptPhysics 1 final review

What will its speed be 6 seconds after you shoot it?

-10 m/s

An object covers a distance of 8 meters in the first second of travel, another 8 meters during the next second , and 8 meters again during the third second. Its acceleration in meters per second per second is approximately

0

So what will be the arrow's speed 5 seconds after you shoot it?

0 m/s

A 10.0 N force is pulling up on the ring of spring scale that weighs 2.0 N. If an 8.0 N mass is attached to the bottom hook of the scale, the scale reading would be

10 N

Suppose that you are standing in the aisle of a bus that travels along a straight road at 100 km/h, and you hold a pencil still above your head. Then relative to the bus, the velocity of the pencil is 0 km/h, and relative to the road, the pencil has a horizontal velocity of

100 km/hr

The value of the acceleration due to gravity on the Moon is 1.67 m/s2. What is the weight of an 83 kg astronaut on the Moon?

138.61 N

If two displacement vectors of 6 meters and 8 meters (with varying directions) are added together, then the resultant could range anywhere between ___ meters and ___ meters.

2, 14

If a vector that is 1 cm long represents a velocity of 10 km/h, what velocity does a vector 2 cm long drawn to the same scale represent?

20 km/hr

A 5-ton airplane normally flies at 200 km/hr. If it experiences a 50 km/hr tailwind (i.e., a wind from behind), then its resultant velocity will be ___ km/hr.

250 km/hr

If a person pulls on a cart to the right with a force of 36 N and a second person pulls to the left with a force of 8 N, what is the magnitude of the net force?

28 N

A 15 N and a 33 N force pull on an object to the right and a 16 N force pulls to the left on a 0.5 kg object. What is the magnitude of the net force acting on the object?

32 N

Find the weight of an object of mass 34 kg.

340 N

Two carts with a mass of 0.5-kg are positioned next to one another on a low-friction track. A spring-loaded plunger is released, propelling the carts away from one another in an explosion.

40 cm/s

A ball dropped from rest picks up speed at 10 m per second. After it falls for 4 seconds, how fast is it going?

40 m/s

You shoot an arrow straight up at 50 m/s. When will it run out of speed?

5 s

A ball is thrown straight down with an initial speed of 20 m/s. After 3 seconds, how fast is it going?

50 m/s

A person is attracted toward the center of the Earth by a 500-N gravitational force. The Earth is attracted toward the person with a force of

500 N

A sled is pulled by 4 dogs each with a force of 17 N. Find the magnitude of net force.

68 N

What is the mass of a person who weighs 711 N?

71.1 N

Find the weight of a 566 N astronaut when she is on the Moon (g = 1.67 m/s2).

94.52 N

Two balls of the same mass are thrown towards a wall and collide with it moving with a speed of 5 m/s. Ball A hits the wall and rebounds with a speed of 4 m/s. Ball B hits the wall and stops. How does the velocity change, momentum change and impulse of Ball A compare to that of the Ball B?

Ball A has the greater velocity change, momentum change and impulse.

A 60-kg gymnast is moving with a speed of 12.0 m/s when she lands on the ground during an event. If she bends her knees upon contact with the ground, then she will increase the time of collision by a factor of 20 - compared to if she keeps her knees stiff. What affect does this have upon the force that she experiences?

Bending her knees will make the force twenty times smaller.

A ball is projected horizontally from the top of a cliff. At the same moment, a second identical ball is dropped from rest from the same location. Which ball lands on the ground first? Assume no air resistance.

Both balls land on the ground at the same time.

Two carts with masses of 0.5 kg and 1.0 kg are positioned next to one another on a low-friction track. A spring-loaded plunger is released, forcing the carts away from one another in an explosion. How does the force acting upon the 0.5-kg cart compare to the force that acts upon the 1.0-kg cart?

Both carts experience the same force.

In a physics demonstration, two teams of equal-mass students are placed on each of two identical carts. A student on Cart A pushes upon Cart B. Which of the following statements describes the resulting motion of the two carts?

Cart A and Cart B will move away from each other with the same speed.

Cars are equipped with crumple zones. In a front-end collision, these crumple zones are designed to intentionally fold up and crumple during the short duration of the collision. Without a crumple zone and car would tend to rebound backwards during a collision. Why does placing a crumple zone in a car contribute to the safety of the occupants?

Crumple zones cause the collision time to be greater and the force to be smaller.

An object has an acceleration that is directed opposite of its motion. What is true of the object?

It is slowing down.

A ball rolls off the table and free falls to the ground. Which statement accurately describes its motion as it falls to the ground?

Its horizontal speed does not change but its vertical speed increases.

A ball rolls off the table and free falls to the ground. Which statement accurately describes the horizontal part of its velocity (vx) during its falling motion?

Its horizontal velocity is constant.

A ball is projected horizontally from the top of a cliff and free falls to the ground. Which one of the following statements accurately describes the ball's motion?

The ball moves horizontally with a constant velocity but accelerates downward.

Consider a collision between a more massive object and a less massive object. Which one of the following statements is CORRECT?

The momentum change of the two objects is equal in magnitude

Which one of the following statements is true of an object that has an acceleration of 6 m/s/s?

The object changes its velocity by 6 m/s each second.

A ball is projected horizontally from the top of a cliff and free falls to the ground. Which one of the following statements regarding the ball's motion is correct? Select one: a. The ball speeds up in the vertical direction but its horizontal speed remains the same. b. The ball speed up in the vertical direction but slows down in the horizontal direction. c. The ball speeds up in both the horizontal and the vertical direction.

a

For which one of the following motions is the object's displacement different than the distance traveled? a. After a home run, a baseball player runs all the way around the bases. b. A car accelerates from rest to a high speed. c. A buggy car moves across the floor at a constant speed.

a

Two balls roll off the table at the same time and free fall to the ground. Ball A is moving at 1 m/s when it rolls off the table. Ball B is moving at 2 m/s when it rolls off the table. Which ball hits the ground first? Select one: a. The two balls land at the same time. b. Ball B. c. Ball A.

a

the word for the rate at which velocity changes

acceleration

According to Newton's law of inertia, a railroad train in motion should continue going forever even if its engine is turned off. We never observe this because railroad trains

always have forces that oppose their motion.

An archer shoots an arrow. Consider the action force to be exerted by the bowstring against the arrow. The reaction to this force is the

arrow's push against the bowstring.

A ball is projected horizontally from the top of a cliff and free falls to the ground. Which one of the following statements regarding the ball's motion is correct? a. The ball accelerates vertically with a constant acceleration. b. The ball accelerates horizontally with a constant acceleration. c. The vertical acceleration changes by 9.8 m/s/s each second.

b

A ball is projected horizontally from the top of a cliff and free falls to the ground. Which one of the following statements regarding the ball's motion is incorrect? a. The ball hits the ground with the same horizontal speed as it had when projected. b. The ball changes its horizontal position by 9.8 m each second. c. The ball does not accelerate in the horizontal direction.

b

Which object experiences the greatest force? (club head) (golf ball) (both the same)

both the same

Which object experiences the greatest impulse? (club head) (golf ball) (both the same)

both the same

Which object experiences the greatest Δmomentum? (club head) (golf ball) (both the same)

both the same

A ball is projected horizontally from the top of a cliff and free falls to the ground. Which one of the following statements regarding the ball's motion is incorrect? a. The ball is moving horizontally with a constant speed throughout its motion. b. The force of gravity does not affect the horizontal motion of the ball. c. The ball accelerates horizontally, changing its horizontal speed by 9.8 m/s each second.

c

A ball rolls off the table and free falls to the ground. Which statement accurately describes the vertical part of its velocity (vy) during its falling motion?

c. the magnitude of its vertical velocity is increasing.

If no external forces are acting on a moving object it will

continue moving at the same velocity.

The variable on the vertical axis (y-axis).

dependent variable

While mass and weight are not the same, they are ________________ to each other.

directly proportional

the word for how far an object has fallen

displacement

In terms of their definitions, an essential difference between displacement and distance is that ____.

distance is a scalar and displacement is a vector

The acceleration of a projectile is always directed _____.

downward

Compared to a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has twice as much Select one: a. mass. b. inertia. c. none of these. d. volume. e. all of these.

e

A car is moving westward along Lake Avenue and decreasing its speed from 35 mph to 25 mph. The direction of this car's acceleration is ____.

eastward

Car A is twice as heavy as Car B but Car B is traveling twice as fast as Car A. The momentum of Car A is ___________ the momentum of Car B.

equal to

The gunpowder explosion in a gun results in an expansion of gases that cause a bullet to be propelled forward. The gun in turn 'kicks' or 'recoils' backwards. The recoil momentum (magnitude only) of a gun that kicks is ____ the momentum of the bullet that it fires.

equal to

A projectile does not have a horizontal velocity.

false

A projectile with an upward component of motion will have a upward component of acceleration.

false

As a projectile rises towards the peak of its trajectory, the horizontal velocity will decrease; as it falls from the peak of its trajectory, its horizontal velocity will decrease.

false

As a projectile rises towards the peak of its trajectory, the vertical acceleration is directed upward; as it falls from the peak of its trajectory, its vertical acceleration is directed downward.

false

As a projectile rises towards the peak of its trajectory, the vertical acceleration will decrease; as it falls from the peak of its trajectory, its vertical acceleration will decrease.

false

The final vertical velocity of a projectile is always equal to the initial vertical velocity.

false

The horizontal velocity of a projectile is 0 m/s at the peak of its trajectory.

false

The vertical acceleration of a projectile is 0 m/s/s when it is at the peak of its trajectory.

false

The vertical component of a projectile's velocity is a constant value of 9.8 m/s.

false

The vertical component of a projectile's velocity is constant.

false

The newton is a unit of

force

A player hits a ball with a bat. The action force is the impact of the bat against the ball. The reaction to this force is the

force that the ball exerts on the bat.

An impulse occurs when a ____ is acting upon an object for a given amount of ____ in order to cause a change in ____. Pick the three words that fill in the blanks in their respective order

force, time, momentum

Taylor pushes the book to the right, but the book does NOT move. What other force must be present?

friction

Which object experiences the greatest acceleration? (club head) (golf ball) (both the same)

golf ball

The variable on the horizontal axis (x-axis).

independent variable

If your automobile runs out of fuel while you are driving the engine stops but you do not come to an abrupt stop. The concept that most explains why is

inertia

The force exerted by the road on each tire of an accelerating car

is less than the combined force of all four tires on the road.

A type of graph that looks like a straight line

linear

A kilogram is a measure of an object's

mass

A stone would have the same _______ whether it is on the surface of Earth or on the surface of the moon.

mass

Comparing the concepts of mass and weight, one is basic—fundamental— depending only on the internal makeup of an object and the number and kind of atoms that compose it. The concept that is fundamental is _________.

mass

On the moon's surface, where gravity is only about one sixth of Earth gravity the __________ of the stone would be the same as on Earth.

mass

You are sitting at a baseball game when a foul ball comes in your direction. You prepare to catch it bare-handed. To catch it safely, you should _____.

move your hands in the same direction as the ball during the impact with it

A car's velocity after each consecutive second of motion is 2 m/s, 4 m/s, 6 m/s, 8 m/s. This is evidence that the car is ____.

moving with a constant acceleration

A horse exerts 500 N of force on a heavy wagon. The wagon pulls back on the horse with an equal force. The wagon still accelerates because

nevertheless there is still an unbalanced force on the wagon

When a rocket ship accelerating in outer space runs out of fuel it

no longer accelerates.

The last instant just before an airplane crashes a passenger jumps out the door and falls only two feet to the ground. The passenger is

probably hurt or killed.

A projectile is launched horizontally. As it travels along its trajectory toward the ground, the horizontal component of its velocity ____ and the vertical component of its velocity ____.

remains the same, increases

The vector sum of two or more vectors is known as the ____.

resultant

An object is moving rightward and slowing down. Its velocity is directed ______ and its acceleration is directed _____.

rightward, leftward

The measure of the steepness of a line.

slope

For any given motion, the distance is ____.

the amount of ground which is covered by the moving object.

It is correct to say that impulse is equal to

the change in momentum.

A automobile and a baby carriage traveling at the same speed collide head-on. The impact force is

the same for both

The difference between impulse and impact force involves the

time the force acts

A moderate force will break an egg. If an egg is dropped on the hard floor, it usually breaks. Yet if it lands on soft ground with the same speed, it will often survive the impact without breaking. A collision with soft ground protects the egg by increasing the ____ and decreasing the ____. Pick the two words that fill in the blanks in order.

time, force

A projectile with a horizontal component of motion will have a constant horizontal velocity.

true

The final horizontal velocity of a projectile is always equal to the initial horizontal velocity.

true

The greater the mass of an object, the more inertia it has.

true

The horizontal displacement of a projectile is dependent upon the time of flight and the initial horizontal velocity.

true

The horizontal velocity of a projectile changes by 9.8 m/s each second.

true

The horizontal velocity of a projectile is unaffected by the vertical velocity; these two components of motion are independent of each other.

true

The magnitude of the vertical velocity of a projectile changes by 9.8 m/s each second.

true

The vertical component of a projectile's velocity is changing at a constant rate.

true

The vertical component of a projectile's velocity is changing.

true

The vertical velocity of a projectile is 0 m/s at the peak of its trajectory.

true

The vertical velocity of a projectile is unaffected by the horizontal velocity; these two components of motion are independent of each other.

true

When a body is in motion the net external force can never be zero.

true

A moving car has momentum. If it moves twice as fast, its momentum is ___________ as much.

twice

In the same location, twice the mass has __________ the weight.

twice

Two cars, one twice as heavy as the other, move down a hill at the same speed. Compared to the lighter car, the momentum of the heavier car is _____________ as much.

twice

Is momentum a vector or a scalar quantity?

vector

the acceleration of a plane as it takes off the number of passengers on the plane the duration of the flight the displacement of the flight the amount of fuel required for the flight

vector scalar scalar vector scalar

The slope of a position-time graph represents the _____ of the object.

velocity

the word for how fast something freely falls from rest after an elapsed time

velocity

Acceleration is defined as the CHANGE in

velocity divided by the time interval.

A Mack truck and a Volkswagen traveling at the same speed have a head-on collision. The vehicle that undergoes the greatest change in velocity will be the

volkswagen

The concept that additionally depends on location in a gravitational field is ________.

weight

_________ is related to the gravitational force acting on the object.

weight

The position-time graph for an object with a velocity of zero would be a line with ____.

zero slope