Connect Assignments
Systematic random sampling is frequently used because _____.
it is a relatively easy way to draw a sample while ensuring randomness
A nonprobability sampling method in which participants are selected according to an researcher's belief that they will meet the requirements of a study are called . (Enter only one word per blank)
judgment sampling
The selection of sampling units in nonprobability sampling is based on the _____.
knowledge or intuitive judgment of a researcher
Identify the formula used to estimate the sample size for a simple random sample when the situation involves estimating a population mean.
n = (Z2B,CL) n = (Z2B,CL) ([PXQ]e2) n = (Z2B,CL) (σ2e2) n = (Z2B,CL) ([PXQ]σ2)
Sampling designs in which the probability of selection of each sampling unit is not known are called _____.
nonprobability sampling
Identify the true statements about research panel samples. (Check all that apply.)
They are quota samples drawn based on behavioral patterns, demographic quotas, and similar information. They are nonprobability samples but are considered representative of the target population.
In _____, each sampling unit in the defined target population has a known possibility of being selected for the sample.
probability sampling
Any type of bias that is attributable to mistakes in either drawing a sample or determining the sample size is called .
sampling error
The blueprint or framework needed to ensure that the data collected are representative of the defined target population is called a(n) .
sampling plan
Unlike stratified random sampling, the sampling units in cluster sampling are _____.
segregated into
An inherent limitation of quota sampling is that _____.
the success of a study is dependent on subjective decisions made by researchers
Identify the features of nonsampling error. (Check all that apply.)
It occurs due to incorrect question/scale measurements. It can occur at any stage of the research process.
In the context of stratified random sampling, which of the following is true of dividing a target population into homogeneous strata?
Researchers have the opportunity to study each stratum and compare strata.
Identify the formula to calculate the sample size when researchers work with small populations.
Sample size = (Specified degree of confidence × Variability/Desired precision)2 × N/(N + n - 1)
Which of the following is true of detecting sampling errors in a research study?
Sampling error determination can be done only after a sample is drawn and data collection is completed.
conducting a census is impossible or unreasonable
Sampling is often used when _____.
_____ involves the separation of the target population into different groups and the selection of samples from each group.
Stratified random sampling
defined target population
The complete set of elements identified for investigation based on the objectives of a research project is called a(n) .
Which of the following is true of convenience sampling?
The data are not generalizable to the members of the defined target population.
Identify a purpose of quota sampling.
To ensure the representation of prespecified subgroups of the population
True
True or false: It is essential to define a target population precisely, which is done in terms of elements, sampling units, and time frames.
In systematic random sampling, sampling units are selected _____.
according to their position using a skip interval
The primary difficulty researchers encounter when using stratified sampling is _____.
determining the basis for stratifying the target population
True or false: Nonprobability sampling results are often used by researchers to make statistical inferences about the true population parameters.
false
A researcher wants to use systematic random sampling to draw a sample of 300 from a target population of 1,500. In this scenario, the skip interval will be _____.
5
Identify a difficulty associated with detecting sampling errors in a research study.
A census is rarely conducted in survey research.
Which of the following is an example of convenience sampling?
A consumer psychology professor interviews his students to measure the success of a new advertising campaign.
Identify an advantage of convenience sampling.
A large number of respondents can be interviewed in a relatively short time.
sampling frame
A list of all eligible sampling units that are developed by a researcher is called a(n) ______ ______
the people who bought the toasters
A marketing researcher hired by an electronics company wants to identify the impact of the new features of the company's toasters on its sales. She identifies the names of the people who bought the toasters from January 2013 to January 2014 and sends them a survey. The sampling unit in the scenario given above is _____.
census
A research study that includes data about every member of a defined target population is called a(n) ___________
Identify a true statement about determining the sample size for nonprobability samples.
A researcher makes subjective, intuitive judgments based on either past studies or the amount of resources available when deriving samples.
accurate, representative, and current sampling frames are difficult and expensive to obtain
A true statement about sampling frames is that _____.
population
An identifiable set of elements of interest to a researcher and pertinent to the information problem is called a(n) .
It is more time-consuming and expensive than sampling.
Identify a disadvantage of a census.
The researcher can draw one random sample, instead of many samples, and thus reduce data collection costs. The researcher can more accurately assess the validity and reliability of scale measurements and constructs.
Identify the tasks that can be performed by a researcher who understands the basics of the central limit theorem (CLT). (Check all that apply.)
Which of the following are advantages of quota sampling? (Check all that apply.)
It ensures the identification and inclusion of appropriate subgroups in a survey. The sample generated consists of specific subgroups in the proportions desired by researchers.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of systematic random sampling?
It involves the possibility of hidden patterns in the list of prospective participants' names that create bias.
Identify a disadvantage of simple random sampling.
It is difficult to obtain a precise and complete listing of the target population elements.
Identify a true statement about cluster sampling.
It is easy to implement and is cost-effective.
Which of the following is an advantage of simple random sampling?
It produces unbiased estimates of the characteristics of the target population.
Defined target population
The complete set of elements identified for investigation based on the objectives of a research project is called a(n) ________ ________ ________
Which of the following is true of cluster sampling?
The homogeneous nature of clusters leads to less precise sample estimates.
Which of the following are factors that play a significant role in determining sample sizes with probability designs? (Check all that apply.)
The population variance The level of confidence desired in the sample estimate The degree of precision desired in estimating the population characteristic
Which of the following is a feature of judgment sampling?
The representativeness of the sample cannot be measured.
Which of the following is a specific rule followed when members from a population are selected in probability sampling?
The sample population must be a proper representation of the defined target population.
Identify a rule that is followed when selecting members from a population for the inclusion in probability sampling.
The selection of the sampling units should be unbiased.
sampling units
The target population elements available for selection during the sampling process are called .
sampling units
The target population elements available for selection during the sampling process are called . _________ _________
Obtaining sample statistics from a random sample that work as accurate estimates of the target population's parameters Drawing representative samples from any target population
Which of the following tasks can be performed by a researcher who understands the basics of the central limit theorem (CLT)? (Check all that apply.)
Given X = Defined target population list size, and Y = Desired sample size, identify the formula for skip interval that is used in systematic random sampling.
X/Y
Sampling
____________ Refers to the selection of a small number of elements from a larger defined target group of elements and expecting that the information gathered from the small group will allow judgments to be made about the larger group.
The (CLT) states that the sampling distribution derived from a simple random sample will be approximately normally distributed.
central limit theorem
A probability sampling method in which the sampling units are divided into mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subpopulations is called .
cluster sampling
A nonprobability sampling method in which samples are drawn at the convenience of the researcher is called .
convenience sampling
Identify the standardized formula used to calculate the sample size for a simple random sample in a situation where estimates of population proportion are of concern.
n = (Z2B,CL) ([PXQ]e2)
dentify the formula used to estimate the sample size for a simple random sample when the situation involves estimating a population mean.
n = (Z2B,CL) (σ2e2)
A bias that occurs in a research study regardless of whether a sample or census is used is called .
non sampling error
A nonprobability sampling method in which participants are selected according to prespecified quotas regarding demographics, attitudes, behaviors, or some other criteria is called .
quota sampling
Research panel samples are most often considered _____.
quota sampling
refers to the selection of a small number of elements from a larger defined target group of elements and expecting that the information gathered from the small group will allow judgments to be made about the larger group.
sampling
Arrange the steps involved in drawing a stratified random sample in the order of their occurrence. (From first to last) Instructions
segregating derving merging
A marketing researcher wants to draw a sample of 30 participants out of the 100 potential participants who are present. The researcher writes each participant's name on a separate, identical piece of paper and places all the names in a bowl. She then proceeds to pick names arbitrarily until she picks 30 participants. The scenario given above is an example of _____.
simple random sampling
A probability sampling procedure in which every sampling unit has a known and equal chance of being selected is called _____.
simple random sampling
In _____, a defined target population is ordered in some way, usually in the form of a taxpayer roll, customer list, or membership roster, and selected systematically.
systematic random sampling
Random sampling error occurs because _____.
there can be chance variations in the selection of sampling units
True or false: It is essential to define a target population precisely, which is done in terms of elements, sampling units, and time frames.
true