Core 3

11. Acoela is more closely related to a. snakes b. Jellyfish c. Choanoflagellates d. Sponges e. corals

a

23. In terms of phylogeny, Ctenophores have more in common with Cnidaria than with Porifera. a. True b. False

a

26. Your textbook states that the true and false coeloms have evolved multiple times. a. True b. False

a

27. In the most recent phylogenetic scheme, a deuterostome may not be placed a group within the clade called Deuterstomia. a. True b. False

a

30. Which of the following has the cleavage resembling a Deuterostome? a. Echinodermata b. Ctenophora c. Cnidaria d. Annlida e. Mollusca

a

31. Which of the following traits makes Acoela seem more advanced than it is: a. Triploblastic b. Diploblastic c. Circulatory system d. Radial symmetry e. None of the above

a

33. Which of the following is most closely related to vertebrates: a. Echinodermata b. Arthropoda c. Mollusca d. Cnidaria e. Acoela

a

36. A major difference between Annelida and Nematoda is body segmentation. a. True b. False

a

37. Which of the following groups is characterized by having both a polyp and a medusa body form? a. Cnidarians b. Porifera c. Platyhelminthes d. Mullusca e. Echinodermata

a

38. The fossil Tiktaalik shows a. Fish and amphibian characteristics b. Amphibian and reptile characteristics c. Reptile and mammal characteristics d. Coelacanth and lungfish characteristics e. None of the above.

a

44. Phylogenetic structural/embryological and molecular data analyses agree on a. Bilateria have most of the animal phyla b. Sponges seem unrelated to all other phyla making them appear to have an independent origin c. Chordates are the most advanced animals d. Acoelomates are the likely origin to all pseudocoelomates e. None of the above

a

52. Eumetazoa is a group of animals that have 2 or 3 true tissues a. True b. False

a

54. Cnidaria are considered less ancestral than sponges because a. They are diploblastic b. They are triploblastic c. They are considered bilateral d. They are considered metazoans e. None of the above

a

6. Which of the following groups are diploblastic? a. cnidaria b. porifera c. chordata d. annelida e. arthropoda

a

68. Mesoderm likely evolved after endoderm and ectoderm. a. True b. False

a

70. Acoelomorpha does not have the following trait: a. complete gut b. triploblastic c. nerves d. eye spots e. it a has all of the above traits

a

73. Deuterostomes are defined primarily by DNA similarities a. True b. False

a

77. Nematoda is most closely related to: a. Arthropoda b. Echinodermata c. Annilida d. Platyhelminthes e. Mollusca

a

82. Which trait is more likely found in the most ancestral Ctenophora? a. Bilateral or radial symmetry b. Gastrovascular cavity c. Asymmetry d. All of the above e. None of the above

a

84. Acoela is triploblastic. a. True b. False

a

87. The sister group for Lophotrochozoa is a. Ecdysozoa b. Deuterostomia c. Porifera d. Ctenophora e. None of the above

a

88. A basic assumption in unraveling plylogenetic patterns is to assume that ancestors and their descendants will share traits. a. True b. False

a

92. Which trait does not fit well with molecular tests of invertebrate phylogeny: a. Protosomia b. Deuterostomia c. Bilateria d. Eumetazoa e. None of the above

a

1. ___________________ have a digestive tract that is not at all connected to the mesoderm. a. Coelomates b. Pseudocoelomates c. Acoelomates d. A and B e. A and C

b

16. Your textbook points out that body plans of Arthropoda is explained by experiments illustrating the development of new HOX genes. a. True b. False

b

20. Regarding Protostomia, a. The anus is derived from the blastopore b. The mouth is derived from the blastopore c. They have radial cleavage d. They have indeterminate cell fate early in cleavage e. None of the above

b

22. Indeterminate cleavage means that each cell in early cleavage will form a specific part of the animal. a. True b. False

b

34. Platyhelminthes are triploblastic, which also means that they must have either coeloms or pseudocoeloms. a. True b. False

b

39. The difference between deterostomes and protostomes is: a. Protostomes gave rise to deterostomes b. The blastopore in deterostomes becomes the anus c. Deterosomes have spiral cleavage d. Deterosomes are triploblastic while not protostomes e. None of the above.

b

42. Sponges are unlikely to go through gastrulation because a. They are the only phyla that have choanocytes b. They appear to have no tissues c. They are too closely related to Echinoderms that also do not go through gastrulation d. They are diploblastic e. None of the above

b

46. All triplobastic animals have a cavity surrounding the gut a. True b. False

b

48. Regarding cleavage, which relationship is true a. Spiral cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth, indeterminate b. Radial cleavage, blastopore becomes anus, indeterminate c. Spiral cleavage, blastopore becomes anus, determinate d. Radial Cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth, indeterminate e. None of the above

b

56. Which taxa is unique by having members with different stages of its life cycle becoming the terminal (adult) stage. a. Porifera b. Cnidaria c. Ctenophora d. Lophotrochozoa e. None of the above

b

60. With the use of molecular characters, the Deuterstomia is not a useful taxonomic character. a. True b. False

b

66. Traits used to follow the phylogeny of an animal group reflect the importance of that trait to the evolutionary process. a. True b. False

b

72. Which of the following is an acoelomate: a. Cnidaria b. Platyhelminthes c. Mollusca d. Arthropoda e. Annelida

b

76. Bilateria is hypothesized to be an advancement over more ancestral animals. Which phylum is thought to be more ancestral than Bilateria but does have bilateral symmetry. a. Porifera b. Ctenophora c. Cnidaria d. Platyhelminthes e. none of the above

b

78. Protostomes differ from Deuterostome because they do not have mesoderm a. True b. False

b

8.. Coral bleaching is caused by the loss of mitochondria. a. True b. False

b

80. The ancestor of Cnidaria was likely a. A Bilarterian b. A Eumetazoan c. A Protostome d. A Deuterostome e. All of the above

b

83. Which trait is more likely found in Chordates? a. Protostome development b. Deuterostome development c. Diploblastic d. Spiral cleavage e. All of the above

b

12. Arthropods are known for their a. visceral mass b. dorso-ventral flattening c. jointed appendages d. mantle e. all of the above

c

19. A specialization found only in Cnidaria a. The choanocytes b. The osculum c. nematocysts d. Proglottids e. mantle

c

2. You are studying embryonic development. In your organism, at the 8-cell stage, each individual cell has a retained capacity to develop into a fully functioning embryo if it is removed. What type of developmental mode is this? a. Protostome b. Spiral c. Deuterostome d. Determinate e. None of the above

c

28. In comparison to the old phylogenetic scheme, which of the following is found in the new scheme but not the older one? a. Aceola is no longer considered a distinct phyla b. Echinodermata is no longer closely related to chordata c. Ctenophora is now considered more basal (more ancestral) than previously d. Sponges are now considered the most basal of animal groups e. None of the above

c

32. Ecdysozoa is distinguished from Lophotrochozoa by a. Pattern of cleavage b. The type of coelom c. The shedding of its outer layer d. Being bilateral e. None of the above

c

25. An animal phyla not characterized as a bilaterian is: a. Mollusca b. Echinoderms c. Chordates d. Ctenophores e. None of the above

d

35. Which of the following is found in all Chordates: a. True coelom b. Dorsal nerve cord c. Pharyngeal slits d. All of the above e. None of the above

d

4. Which of the following conclusions about animal relationships do the molecular and morphological phylogenies agree upon? a. Deuterostomes and Protostomes form separate clades. b. Acoela is a recognized phylum. c. Choanoflagellates are the basal metazoans d. Sponges represent basal animals. e. none of the above

d

43. Which trait used in phyologenetic analyses loses its importance when molecular data are taken into account a. metazoa b. Bilateria c. Protostomia d. Deuterostomia e. Eumetozoa

c

45. In terms of a body plan a. Phylogenetic schemes divide animals into either radial or bilateral symmetry. b. Humans are one of the few species that meet the criteria for being bilateral c. Symmetry is often related to the degree of cephalization. d. The type of coelom is an indicator of the type of symmetry. e. None of the above are correct

c

5. All of the following clades are Eumetazoans except a. acoela b. cnidaria c. porifera d. mollusca e. chordata

c

51. Chordates have the follow trait: a. Acoleom b. Pseudocoelom c. coelom d. Diploblastic e. None of the above

c

53. The cells in sponges that move and transport nutrients are called a. Choanaflagelates b. Spicules c. Amoebocytes d. Collar cells e. None of the above

c

57. Acoelamorpha has the following structure a. Digestive tract b. Excretory system c. Nervous system d. Choanocyctes e. None of the above

c

59. Which taxonomic grouping has disappeared after the development of molecular characters a. Acoelamorpha b. Deuterostomia c. Protosomia d. Cnidaria e. Platyhelminthes

c

62. Which of the following is not present in protostomes: a. blastopore b, determinate cells c. radial cleavage d. mouth e. anus

c

67. Sponges have been considered the basal animal group because a. they contain chloroplasts b. some of their cells function independently and separate from the main body c. they have the oldest metazoan fossils d. they have the most primitive coelom e. none of the above

c

69. Which of the following traits is NOT found in Ctenophora a. muscles b. nerves c. Hox genes d. 2 or 3 tissues layers e. all are found in Ctenophora

c

71. Which phylum does not have deutersome development: a. Echinodermata b. Ectoprocta c. Annelida d. Chordata e. Brachiopoda

c

81. Which trait is more likely to be found in the most ancestral Porifera? a. Radial symmetry b. Bilateral symmetry c. Asymmetry d. All of the above e. none of the above

c

90. The sister group for Chordates is a. Porifera b. Ctenophora c. Echinodermata d. Ecdysozoa e. Acoela

c

17. Gastropods (e.g., snails) and Cephalapods (e.g. squid) have a a. a true coelom b. a foot c. a mantle d. all of the above e. none of the above

d

24. Acoela has become an interesting animal group because: a. It has a gastrovascular cavity similar to Porifera b. It has choanocytes similar to Porifera c. It is diplobastic similar to both Cnidaria and Annelida d. It seems to be a basal animal yet may be triploblastic e. There is a suggestion that it could be the link between Echinodermata and Chordata

d

40. The regarding pseudocoeolomates and coelomates: a. Pseudocoelomates gave rise to coelomates b. Pseudocoelomates have a coelom made entirely from endoderm c. Pseudocoelomates are diplobastic while coelomates are not d. Only true coeloms are derived entirely from mesoderm e. None of the above.

d

41. Echinoderms and Chordates do not share the follow character: a. Bilateria b. Deterostomia c. Blastopore becomes anus d. Spiral cleavage e. None of the above (they share all of the above)

d

55. Which of the below taxa does your textbook claim "to have the widest range of body forms." a. Porifera b. Cnidaria c. Ctenophora d. Lophotrochozoa c. Chordata e. Echdysozoa

d

63. Which of the follow is not present in deuterstomes: a. archenteron b. mouth c. anus d. spiral cleavage e. radial cleavage

d

7. In Porifera a. The blastopore becomes the mouth b. Has indeterminate cleavage c. The blastopore becomes the alimentary canal d. Does not have the gastrula stage e. None of the above

d

86. Which groups do not have a complete gut (no anus). a. Porifera b. Cnidaria c. Acoela d. all of the above e. none of the above

d

10. Which of the following is not a Protostome a. Nematoda b. Annelida c. Rotifer d. Mollusca e. Echinodermata

e

18. Which of the following phyla would most likely have the most ancestral animal traits: a. Nematoda b. Brachiopoda c. Platyhelminthes d. Rotifera e. Ctenophora

e

21. Unlike coelomates, pseudocoelomates a. Have the gut covered with mesoderm b. Have no true mesoderm c. Adults have a single opening for the digestive tract d. Have an external body covering of endoderm e. None of the above

e

29. Which of the following has the cleavage traits of a Prostostomia? a. Mollusca b. Annelida c. Nematoda d. Platyhelminthes e. All of the above

e

3. What type of coelom do cnidarians have? a. True coelom b. Cniadarians are Pseudocoelomates c. Cnidarians are Acoelomates d. Cnidarians do not have true tissues e. Cnidarians do not have a coelom

e

47. In lecture, which of the following traits were considered in phylogenetic relationships. a. Presence or absence of tissues b. Type of coelom c. The fate of the blastopore d. Radial or spiral cleavage e. All of the above

e

49. Which of the following is a Protostomia a. Chordata b. Echinodermata c. Cnidaria d. Brachiopoda e. None of the above

e

50. Sponges are best characterized as a. Radial b. Bilateral c. Diploblastic d. Triplobastic e. None of the above

e

52. Sponges and Cnidaria both have a. Epidermis b. Mesoglea c. Gastrovascular cavity d. Flagella e. None of the above

e

58. Which of the following have members that are acoelomate, a. Porifera b. Chordata c. Echinodermata d. Echdysozoa e. Platyhelminthes

e

61. Which of the following phyla would most likely have the most ancestral animal traits: a. Nematoda b. Brachiopoda c. Platyhelminthes d. Rotifera e. Ctenophora

e

64. In more ancestral animals, which two traits likely occur together: a. lack of gastrulation and the presence of mesoderm b. diploblastic with triploblastic tissues c. diploblastic and pseudocoelom d. lack of a coelom and bilateral symmetry e. none of the above

e

65. In terms of developing a basic phylogenic analyses, body plan refers to a. sexual vs asexual reproduction b. diploblastic vs triploblastic tissues c. type of coelom d. determinate vs indeterminate growth e. radial vs bilateral symmetry

e

74. Which phylum is asymmetrical: a. Ctenaphora b. Cnidaria c. Acoela d. Deterostomia e. none of the above

e

75. Ctenophora and Cnidaria were first placed in the same phylum (Cnidaria) because they share the follow trait: a. symmetry b. do not have a complete gut c. similar nervous systems d. all of the above e. none of the above

e

79. Which group may be more basal (ancestral) than sponges? a. Cnidaria b. Acoela c. Lophotrochozoa d. Chordata e. None of the above

e

85. The group that has two variations in the adult body plan: a. Porifera b. Ctenophora c. Chordata d. Acoela e. None of the above

e

89. If Ctenophora are the basal group for ALL animals, it would mean that a. Porifera lost its tissues b. Choanocytes are not an ancestral trait c. Moving ameboid cells used in digestion is not an ancestral trait d. The development of a complete gut is not an advanced trait. e. All of the above

e

9.. Which of the following is shared by both Porifera and Cnideria a. Mesohyl b. Gastrovascular cavity c. Choanocytes d. Gastrodermis e. None of the above

e

91. If gastrulation is responsible for tissues, which of the following groups is not likely to have gastrulation: a. Cnidaria b. Acoela c. Deuterostomia d. Protosomia e. All of the above have gastrulation

e