Core Subjects EC-6 (291)

Constitution Written

"We the people" it was signed on September 17, 1787.

Spelling Development: PRECOMMUNICATIVE SPELLING

"babbling" stage of spelling. Children use letters for writing words but the letters are strung together randomly. The letters in precommunicative spelling do not correspond to sounds. Examples: OPSPS = eagle; RTAT = eighty.

mm to m

1 mm = 0.001 m

Non-renewable

A non-renewable resource is a finite resource that cannot be replaced once it is used (ex: fossil fuels, minerals).

Area of a triangle

A=1/2bh The area of a triangle must be one-half the area of a parallelogram.

In which of the following can convection currents be set up?

Air

Which of the following is the best conductor of heat?

Aluminum

Mutualism

Both species benefit from the interaction. -Example: Flowers and their pollinators, bird and animals eat berries from plants which helps disperse seeds.

Chemical Energy

Chemical energy is stored in the bonds between the atoms in compounds. This stored energy is transformed when bonds are broken or formed through chemical reactions.

Writing Development stages: CONVENTIONAL

Full correct spelling of words.

Geometric Solids (Face)

Individual surface.

Geometric Solids (Edge)

Joins one vertex with another.

Metric measures

Kilo, Hecto, Deka, Meter, Deci, Centi, Milli 1 milliliter = 0.1 centiliters = 0.01 deciliters = 0.001 liters = 0.000 1 dekaliters= 0.000 01 hectoliters = 0.000 001 kiloliters

Potential Energy

Potential Energy is any type of stored energy. It can be chemical, nuclear, gravitational, or mechanical.

Spelling Development: TRANSITIONAL SPELLERS

Think about how words appear visually; a visual memory of spelling patterns is apparent. Spellings exhibit conventions of English orthography like vowels in every syllable, e-marker and vowel digraph patterns, correctly spelled inflectional endings, and frequent English letter sequences. Examples: EGIL=eagle; EIGHTEE=eighty

Summative

What students tend to focus on, It is the assessment usually on completion of a course or module, which says whether or not you have "passed". It is, or should be, undertaken, with reference to all the objectives or outcomes of the course, and is usually fairly formal. AKA End of the unit chapter tests assessments.

Inquiry-Based Activity

starts by posing questions, problems or scenarios—rather than simply presenting established facts or portraying a smooth path to knowledge. The process is often assisted by a facilitator.

Bill of Rights

the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Written by James Madison in response to calls from several states for greater constitutional protection for individual liberties, the Bill of Rights lists specific prohibitions on governmental powers. The virginia Declaration of rights, written by george mason, strongly influenced Madison. *Constitution's lack of a bill of rights that would place specific limits on government power Antifederalists wanted this.

b X h

Area of a parallelogram

The predominant method of heat transfer that causes a pot of water to boil is?

Convection

Criterion

Helps teachers determine next steps during the learning process as the instruction approaches the summative assessment of students learning.

Sequencing Phonemic Awareness Skills: 1st Grade

In first grade phonemic awareness tasks are more advanced, focusing on blending ("Blend these sounds together, mmm-aaa-nnn"), segmentation, ("What are the sounds in man?), and the substitution and manipulation of phonemes.

Gases in Earth's atmosphere

Nitrogen - 78 percent. Oxygen - 21 percent. Argon - 0.93 percent. Carbon dioxide - 0.038 percent.

Parasitism

One organism, usually physically smaller of the two (the parasite) benefits and the other (the host) is harmed. -Example: Ticks and fleas that live in animal fur/mosquitos.

Kodaly Method

The Kodaly Method is a way of developing musical skills and teaching musical concepts beginning in very young children. This method uses folk songs, Curwen hand signs, pictures, movable-do, rhythm, symbols and syllables.

Bass Clef

Where the F-clef is placed on the fourth line, it is called the bass clef. This is the only F-clef used today so that the terms "F-clef" and "bass clef" are often regarded as synonymous.

Treble Clef

Where the G-clef is placed on the second line of the stave.

Writing Development stages: LETTER NAME

beginning and ending letters.

Methods of Heat Transfer

conduction, convection, radiation

Convection currents can be caused by:

-Unequal heating of the earth's surface -Thermal expansion

Equivalents

1 milliliter = 0.1 centiliters = 0.01 deciliters = 0.001 liters = 0.000 1 dekaliters= 0.000 01 hectoliters = 0.000 001 kiloliters

mm to cm

1 mm = 0.1 cm

early writing development stages

2-3 Random scribbling 3 Controlled scribbling 3-4 Mock writing 4-5 Writing letters 5-6 Writing Words

Geometric Solids (Vertex)

A corner.

Concept Map

A diagram that depicts suggested relationships between concepts. It is a graphical tool that instructional designers, engeners, technical writers and others use to organize and structure knowledge. It is also known as a conceptual diagram.

Slope

A line is a number that describes both the direction and the steepness of the line. Also called a gradient.

A prime number

A prime number is a natural number greater than one that has only two factors: itself and one. 1 is not a prime number.

Commensalism

A relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped. -Example: one animal attaching itself to another for transcription such as barnacles attach to shells or whales or a shrimp riding on a sea slug (housing).

Rectangular prism

A solid shape that has: 6 faces (4 rectangles & 2 squares), 8 vertices (corners), and 12 equal edges. V=LWH

Area of a parallelogram

A=bh

Area of rectangle

A=lw

Area of a Square

A=s²

Area of a circle

A=πr²

Battle of San Jacinto

At the Battle of San jacinto Texans defected the Mexican forces and captured General santa Anna. In the Treaty of Velasco Santa Anna agreed to stop fighting the Texans and to support the independence of Texas.

Phonemic Awareness Development

Awareness of sounds in a language. Awareness of rhymes. Awareness that sentences can be broken down into words, syllables and sounds. Ability to talk about reflect upon and manipulate sounds. Understanding the relationship between written and spoken language. Rhyming segmenting sentences into words, blending syllables into words delete/substitute syllables/sounds from words.

Constitution Authors

Because many of James Madison's ideas made their way into the Constitution he is often referred to as the "Father of the Constitution". Indeed, he was a driving force of the convention throughout the summer of 1787, and his notes of the deliberations have provided valuable insights into the proceedings.

Energy Transformations

Chemical - Mechanical - Thermal - Heat energy Think of when you're hungry. When you eat a piece of bread to satisfy this hunger, your body breaks down the chemical bonds of the bread and uses it to supply energy to your body. In this process, the chemical energy is transformed into mechanical energy, which you use to move, and which we'll cover in more detail in a moment. It also transforms it into thermal energy, which is created through the metabolic processes in your body to generate heat. Most of the time, chemical energy is released in the form of heat, and this transformation from chemical energy to heat, or thermal energy, is called an exothermic reaction.

Print awareness

Children with print awareness understand that when adults read a book, what they say is linked to the words on the page, rather than to the pictures in the book. Print awareness is understanding that print is organized in a particular way — for example, knowing that print is read from left to right and top to bottom.

Congress has ______ voting members, ______ representatives and _______ senators.

Congress has 535 voting members. 435 representatives and 100 senators. The members of the House of representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency, known as a "district". Senator equals 6 years and 1/3 is elected every two years.

The process by which aquatic life forms at the bottom of the ocean can get oxygen they need to live is related to heat transfer by?

Convection

The fact that, in general, liquids and gases expand when heated gives rise to_____________________.

Convection currents in fluids due to changing densities.

Conduction VS Convection

Convection is the transfer of energy by movement of a medium, whereas radiation is the transfer of energy by, well, thermal radiation. Conduction also requires a medium, but, again, it is a fundamentally different mechanism than either convection or radiation; in this case it is the transfer of energy through a medium. conduction = direct contact, touching a pot, using a poker to a fire, cheese melting on a burger, convection = placing hands over fire, air movement in a home, boiling water -- air/water

Carbon dioxide --> atmosphere

Decomposers break down the carbon compounds in dead animals and plants and convert the carbon to carbon dioxide. This process releases carbon back into the atmosphere.

Electrical Energy

Electric energy is to the kinetic energy of moving electrons, the negatively charged particles in atoms.

Theoretical VS Experimental probability

For example, if a dice is rolled 6000 times and the number '5' occurs 990 times, then the experimental probability that '5' shows up on the dice is 990/6000 = 0.165. For example, the theoretical probability that the number '5' shows up on a dice when rolled is 1/6 = 0.167

Spelling Development: CONVENTIONAL SPELLERS

Genre of essay that requires the student to investigate an idea, evaluate evidence, expound on the idea and set forth an argument concerning that idea in a clear and concise manner. Present a fair and balanced analysis of a subject based on facts with no references to the writer's opinions or emotions.

Formative

Going on all the time, It's purpose is to provide feedback. So what students are learning, to identify achievement and areas for further work. For the teachers, evaluating the effectiveness of training to date and to focus future plans. AKA practice.

Vowel-consonant patterns

In a cvc pattern, the vowel is often a short vowel sound. In a CVCe word, the vowel is followed by a consonant and then the letter e. The e is usually silent and the vowel before the e is usually long. In a CVVC word, two vowels appear between two consonants.

Reading Comprehension: EVALUATIVE

In evaluative comprehension readers analyze and make judgements about what they read. At this level, readers use evidence from the text to reach conclusions and make generalizations and its wider implications by: -drawing conclusions about the characteristics, values and habits of human beings. -drawing conclusions about the author's motivation or purpose for writing a passage or story based on evidence in the selection.

Kinetic Energy

Kinetic Energy is found in movement. An airplane flying or a meteor plummeting each have kinetic energy. Even the tiniest things have kinetic energy, like atoms vibrating when they are hot or when they transmit sound waves. Electricity is the kinetic energy of flowing electrons between atoms.

Spelling Development: SEMIPHONETIC SPELLERS

Know that letters represent sounds. They perceive and represent reliable sounds with letters in a type of telegraphic writing. Spellings are often abbreviated representing initial and/or final sound. Examples: E=eagle; a=eighty

Limited Government

Limited government is an outline where any more than minimal government intervention in personal liberties and the economy is not allowed by law, usually in a written Constitution. It is closely related to libertarianism, classical liberalism and some tendencies of conservation in the United States.

GCF (Greatest Common Factor)

List factors of each, circle the common, grab the greatest common factor.

LCM (Least Common Multiple)

List the multiples, look at the common multiples

Nuclear Energy

Nuclear energy is the stored potential of the nucleus of an atom. Most atoms are stable on earth; they keep their identities as particular elements like hydrogen, helium, iron and carbon, as identified in the periodic Table of Elements. Fission and Fusion

Texas Independence Day

On March 2, 1836 texas declared independence from Mexico and established an interim government for the Republic of Texas. Following the victory at San jacinto in April a permanent government was formed.

Predation

One eats another (Herbivores eat plants. Carnivores eats animals.) enhances fitness of predator but reduces fitness of prey.

Sequencing Phonemic Awareness Skills: Kindergarten

Oral activities in kindergarten focus on simple tasks such as rhyming, ,matching words with beginning sounds, and blending sounds into words.

Perimeter of a rectangle

P=2l+2w

Perimeter of a square

P=4s

Perimeter of a triangle

P=a+b+c

What is the difference between phonemic awareness and phonics?

Phonics involves the relationship between sounds and written symbols whereas phonemic awareness involves sounds in spoken words. Therefor phonics instruction focuses on teaching sound, spelling relationships and is associated with print. Most phonemic awareness tasks are oral.

Phonological awareness

Phonological awareness is the understanding that speech can be broken into smaller units of sound such as words, syllables onsets and rimes and phonemes.

Writing Development stages: EARLY PHONEMIC

Picture labeling (Dog=D), first letter of a word represents the word.

Potential energy

Potential energy is any type of stored energy. It can be chemical, nuclear, gravitational or mechanical.

Writing Development stages: PREPHONEMIC

Random/controlled scribbling, drawing, mock letters, letter strings, separated words.

Reading Comprehension: LITERAL

Readers identify and or recall relevant information explicitly stated in the reading section by identifying the order of events or a specific event from a sequence of events. Identifying details such as key words, phrases or sentences that explicitly state important characteristics, circumstances, or similarities and differences in characters times or places.

Reading Comprehension: INFERENTIAL

Readers use information explicitly stated in the passage to determine what is not stated. Readers derive meaning by: -Identifying implicit relationships, relationships not directly stated, such as cause and effect, sequence-time relationships, comparisons, classifications and generalizations. -predicting probable future outcomes or actions.

Which color of visible light has the longest wavelength?

Red

Coriolis Effect

Result of the earth's rotation. As air moves from high to low pressure in the northern hemisphere, it is deflected to the right by the coriolis force.

Writing Development stages: TRANSITIONAL

Sound is a constant, sound is a vowel but it is wrong (gres for grass), child hears beginning/middle/end, full sentence writing.

Inquiry-based instruction

Starts by posing questions, problems or scenarios—rather than simply presenting established facts or portraying a smooth path to knowledge. The process is often assisted by a facilitator.

First Settlers to Texas

Stephen F. Austin

Congress

The U.S. Congress is a bicameral legislature including the House of Representatives and the Senate. Representation is proportional to each state's population in the House of Representative while states have equal representation in the Senate. The decennial census determines the number of representatives the citizens of a state can elect to the House. The total number is limited to 435. Each state elects two representatives to the Senate

Theoretical Probability

The number of ways that the event can occur, divided by the total number of outcomes. It is finding the probability of events that come from a sample space of known equally likely outcomes.

Conduction

The process by which a pot of water on your electric stove starts to heat.

Experimental probability

The ratio of the number of times an event occurs to the total number of trials, or times that the activity is performed.

Phonemes

The smallest unit of speech that can be used to make one word different from another word. -single unit of sound.

Net force

The sum of all forces acting on an object. A net force is capable of accelerating a mass. For instance, if the wheels of a car push it forward with 5 Newtons and drag is 3 Newtons, the net force is 2 Newtons forward.

Separation of Powers

There are three distinct branches in this form of government : legislative, executive and judicial branch. The separation of powers allows no single branch to assume all the power for itself thus making sure that there is no tyranny. For example, the congress can veto bills that the president comes up with they feel that it is not what their constituents want, in other words, seperation of power creates checks and balances that assure people that is wont be possible for any branch or faction to go against the will of the majority.

Volume of a pyramid

V=1/3B(Base Area)h (height)

Volume of prism or cylinder

V=Ah

Volume of a cube

V=s³

Which of the following is the worst conductor of heat in the group?

Vacuum

What color of visible light has the shortest wavelength?

Violet

Didactic questioning

can be used to effectively diagnose recall and comprehension and to draw on prior learning experiences." They are "questions that tend to be convergent (i.e. they tend to focus on one topic), factual, and often beginning with "what", "where", "when", "how".

KWL Chart

graphic organizers that help students organize information before, during and after a unit or a lesson. They can be used to engage students in a new topic, activate prior knowledge, share unit objectives, and monitor learning. Column 1: What do you Know about the topic? Column 2: What do you Want to know? Column 3: What did you Learn?

Graphophonemic Knowledge

is the recognition of letters and the understanding of sound-symbol relationships and spelling patterns. Graphophonemic Knowledge is often referred to as phonics.

This type of heat transfer can occur in a vacuum:

radiation - does not require any material

Heat transfer by Conduction

requires some sort of material to facilitate the heat transfer.