Covid Case study #1

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the structure of SARS-CoV-2? SARS-CoV-2 contains an inner core of single-stranded RNA, which serves as its genetic material. SARS-CoV-2 is surrounded by an envelope made of lipids, or fat-like material. SARS-CoV-2's surface includes a large number of "spikes" that are key to the ability of the virus to enter into specific types of cells. All of these are accurate statements.

All of these are accurate statements.

Which of the following is a cause of immune suppression that can interfere with the body's ability to defend itself against SARS-CoV-2? Uncontrolled diabetes Uncontrolled HIV Use of powerful anti-inflammatory medications All of these are correct

All of these are correct

Which of the following is a complication of a cytokine storm? Worsening lung damage Heart Inflamation Kidney damage All of these are possible answers

All of these are possible answers

Which of the following best describes the virus that causes COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)? A DNA virus that is similar to smallpox An RNA virus that is in the same family of viruses as the virus that causes MERS A virus that has characteristics of both an RNA and a DNA virus All of these are accurate statements.

An RNA virus that is in the same family of viruses as the virus that causes MERS

All of the following types of reactions can be produced by the immune system to SARS-CoV-2, except: An innate system response, followed by an adaptive antibody response that brings the infection under control. An adaptive antibody response, followed by an innate system response that brings the infection under control. An innate system response that, on its own, brings the infection under control. A strong response from the immune system that results in release of immune compounds, which damage the lung and other organ systems.

An adaptive antibody response, followed by an innate system response that brings the infection under control.

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about Long COVID or PASC? Only individuals who have acute symptoms of COVID-19 develop PASC PASC does not include patients with ongoing damage to organ systems Fatique is a common symptom of PASC and may be the last to resolve The symptoms of PASC due to ongoing inflammation are usually stable from day to day

Fatique is a common symptom of PASC and may be the last to resolve

Which of the following patterns is most consistent with past infection with SARS-CoV-2? IgG present, IgM present IgM present, IgG absent IgG present, IgM absent IgG absent, IgM absent

IgG present, IgM absent

Which of the following is the most common way that symptomatic COVID-19 presents? Moderate to mild symptoms that resolve on their own Symptoms severe enough to require hospitalization and supplemental oxygen Complications requiring intensive care None of these are correct

Moderate to mild symptoms that resolve on their own

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about SARS-CoV-2 variants? Mutations only occur during replication Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 are rare Large mutations involving long sequences of nucleotides are the most common form of mutation in SARS-CoV-2 All of these are accurate statements.

Mutations only occur during replication

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the SARS-CoV-2 virus? It reproduces most commonly in the nose and upper throat or pharynx. It reproduces exclusively in the stomach. It cannot enter the blood stream. None of these are accurate statements.

None of these are accurate statements.

Which of the following is the most common complication of COVID-19 after the occurrence of upper respiratory infection? Pneumonia or lung infection Blood stream infection producing septic shock Heart inflammation None of these is a complication of COVID-19

Pneumonia or lung infection

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the immune systems response to SARS-CoV-2? The initial response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is by the antibody-producing immune system Cytokine storm syndrome is an appropriate reaction of the immune system to a viral infection and it decreases mortality The first antibody to be produced is IgM None of these are correct

The first antibody to be produced is IgM

Which of the following is the least accurate statement about COVID-19 and infants? Infants can become infected from close contact with their mother or others with COVID-19. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 across the placenta occurs frequently. Infants are more likely than older children to develop respiratory complications of COVID-19. Infants cannot develop multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 across the placenta occurs frequently.

All of the following are accurate statements, except: Viruses, like bacteria, are able to reproduce outside of their human or animal hosts Viruses need to enter a living cell and take over its system of reproduction in order to reproduce SARS-CoV-2 is believed to be especially effective at entering human respiratory cells because of the configuration of a protein on its surface, which matches a receptor on human respiratory cells SARS-CoV-2, like many viruses, is able to produce hundreds of thousands of copies of itself and release them into the blood stream

Viruses, like bacteria, are able to reproduce outside of their human or animal hosts

Which of the following best describes how COVID-19 differs from influenza? Influenza produces a more severe illness in infants than COVID-19 inflluenza more frequently begins with the abrupt onset of a high fever Influenza more frequently produces a runny nose All of these are correct

inflluenza more frequently begins with the abrupt onset of a high fever