CPR 1

The Cardiac Chain of Survival describes six actions that , when performed in rapid succession , increase the patient's likelihood of surviving sudden cardiac arrest . Place the links of the In - Hospital Adult Cardiac Chain of Survival in the correct order .

1 Surveillance and prevention Recognition of cardiac emergency and activation of emergency response 2 system 3 Early high - quality CPR 4 Early defibrilation 5 Integrated post - cardiac arrest care 6 Recovery

What is the correct rate of ventilation delivery for a child or infant in respiratory arrest or respiratory failure ?

1 ventilation every 2 to 3 seconds

What is the correct rate of ventilation delivery for an adult in respiratory arrest or respiratory failure ?

1 ventilation every 6 seconds An adult patient experiencing respiratory arrest or respiratory failure should receive 1 ventilation every 6 seconds .

Kirron arrived and took over compressions . To ensure high - quality CPR , providers should switch off giving compressions every minutes or sooner if the provider giving compressions is fatigued .

2

What is the correct volume of air to deliver during BVM ventilations ?

700 mL That's right . When using the bag - valve - mask resuscitator , depress the bag about halfway to deliver a volume of 400 to 700 mL .

You are caring for a pregnant patient ( 30 weeks gestation ) in cardiac arrest . The patient's fundus is above the umbilicus . Which of the following steps are appropriate ?

Activate maternal and neonatal resuscitation teams . Provide continuous high - quality CPR and left uterine displacement . Make sure AED pads do not incorporate any breast tissue . Perform resuscitative cesarean delivery ( RCD ) , if trained , within 5 minutes from the time of arrest

A 28 - year - old patient ( 27 weeks ' gestation ) was admitted to the intensive care unit for treatment of pneumonia - related sepsis . The patient goes into cardiac arrest . When should a trained provider perform resuscitative cesarean delivery ( RCD ) ?

Actually , RCD should be performed within 5 minutes from the time of arrest .

An adult patient suffers cardiac arrest in bed and requires CPR . When compressing the patient's chest , which technique promotes high - quality CPR ?

Adjust the bed or use a secure step or stool so you are at an appropriate working height Position yourself so your shoulders are directly over your hands .

Rapid assessment of Mrs. Bailey's breathing reveals irregular , gasping breaths . You correctly identify this pattern of breathing as :

Agonal breaths are isolated or infrequent gasps that occur in the absence of normal breathing in an unconscious patient . These breaths can occur after the heart has stopped beating and are considered a sign of cardiac arrest . Agonal breaths are not normal breathing . If the patient is demonstrating agonal breaths , you need to care for the patient as if they are not breathing at all .

What are the causes of cardiac arrest in a pregnant patient ?

Anesthesia Fever Eclampsia

You have been providing compressions and are starting to fatigue . How do you verbalize the coordination plan to switch ?

Call for a position change by saying " switch " place the number one in the last compression cycle .

What priority actions should you take if an adult patient shows signs of ROSC ?

Check for breathing and a carotid or femoral pulse . Monitor the patient until the advanced cardiac life support team takes over . Stop CPR / AED

As you approach Mrs. Bailey you note that she appears unresponsive and you do not see signs of life - threatening bleeding Which action should you perform next ?

Check for responsiveness .

To minimize interruptions in chest compressions , what should Valerie do during the AED analysis and shock ?

Clear the patient and prepare to resume CPR immediately after the shock is delivered or if no shock is advised .

The AED arrives , and you attach the pads appropriately and clear the area . When the AED is analyzing or delivering a shock , what should you do ?

Clear the patient taking care not to touch the patient .

You are working with a BLS team performing CPR on a 62 year - old female patient . Which actions demonstrate high - quality CPR ?

Compress the chest at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute . Allow for full chest recoll after each compression . Deliver smooth ventilations that last about 1 second each and make the chest begin rise .

A young adult is brought into the emergency department by his mother . He is responsive but experiencing an altered level of consciousness with risk of progressing to a life - threatening condition due to an opioid overdose . Immediate care for this patient includes :

Consider naloxone administration .

Which of these actions are appropriate ways to minimize interruptions in chest compressions ?

Continue CPR while the AED pads are applied . Immediately resume CPR after the shock is delivered .

You are providing care for an adult patient in respiratory arrest . Which actions demonstrate appropriate care ?

Deliver 1 venciation every 6 seconds every 2 minutes . If pulse becomes absent start CPR

You are about to start your morning rounds , when you hear a loud crash in Mrs. Bailey's room . When you enter her doorway , you see her lying on the floor with her walker tipped over next to her You must first perform a visual survey What actions ould you take ?

Determine whether any additional help is needed . Observe for any signs of illness or injury, including life-threatening bleeding

ZYour adult patient is in respiratory arrest due to an opioid overdose . The team is delivering 1 ventilation every 6 seconds . You administered the recommended dose of naloxone . How often may this dose be repeated ?

Every 2 to 3 minutes as needed .

Ben is a 4 - year - old child in cardiac arrest due to drowning . After recognizing that he is in cardiac arrest , you begin CPR immediately starting with compressions .

False

Paloma is 9 years old and weighs 62 pounds . Single - provider CPR is in progress and you have just arrived with the AED . You set up the AED and apply pediatric AED pads while CPR continues .

False

To perform chest thrusts , perform quick inward and upward thrusts .

False

To perform compressions on Maggle , you use the encircling thumbs technique ( l.e. , two thumbs centered on the sternum just below the nipple line with fingers encircling the chest ) .

False

When delivering ventilations to Jalen , a 6 - year - old patient , you open his airway to a neutral position

False

Mr. Goodman is exhibiting signs and symptoms of which condition ?

Heart attack

Identify the situations in which it is safe to use an AED .

If the patient has a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter - defibrillators ( ICDS ) , providing the AED pads are not placed directly over the device If the patient is wearing jewelry or has body piercings , providing the AED pads are not placed directly over any metallic jewelry or piercings If the patient is lying on a metal surface , providing the AED pads do not touch the surface and no one is touching the patient during shock if the patient pregnant , providing the AED pads do not incorporate any breast tissue

Mrs. Bailey is unresponsive You suspect she may have a head injury Which technique should you use to open Mrs. Bailey's airway ?

If the patient is unresponsive and their airway is not open , you need to open the airway If a head , neck or spinal injury is suspected , use the modified jaw - thrust maneuver .

You enter your patient's room and find them lying supine in bed seemingly unresponsive . After assessing breathing and pulse for no more than 10 seconds and determining the patient is in cardiac arrest , when should you start CPR ?

Immediately

While simultaneously checking for breathing and a pulse , you correctly adhere to which amount of time ?

No more than 10 seconds

What are some possible behaviors of a patient who is choking ?

Panicked , confused or surprised facial expression Clutching the throat ( the universal sign of choking ) Running about Flailing the arms Trying to get attention Stridor ( high - pitching squeaking noises ) No noises at all Flushed , pale or cyanotic skin appearance

What are some examples of a patient for whom chest thrusts would be the alternative technique , instead of abdominal thrusts ?

Patient whom you may not be able to reach far enough around to perform abdominal thrusts . Patient whom might be pregnant Patient in a bed or wheelchair with features that make abdominal thrusts difficult to do Patient for whom back blows or abdominal thrusts are not effective in dislodging the object

How many back blows should you perform on a responsive choking infant ?

Perform 5 firm back blows , with each one separate from the others . If back blows do not dislodge the object , try chest thrusts .

After performing a rapid assessment on an adult patient , you determine they are unresponsive , breathing and their pulse is present . You suspect they have a head and neck injury . What actions should you take ?

Perform primary assessment ( Airway , Breathing . Circulation , Disability , Exposure ) and emergent / initial interventions . Perform secondary assessment as patient condition allows . Reassess patient , recognize issues and provide care as needed .

When performing abdominal thrusts , you should perform quick , inward and thrusts .

Perform quick inward and upward abdominal thrusts in order to ensure they are most effective .

Amy recognized that Theo was in cardiac arrest and initiated CPR . If Amy had determined that Theo were in respiratory arrest with a central pulse of ≤ 60 bpm and signs of poor perfusion , which action would she take ?

Provide 1 ventilation every 2 to 3 seconds .

Which of the following statements about performing chest compressions for adults are true ?

Provide smooth compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 . Allow the chest to fully recoll after each compression . Compress the chest to a depth of at least 2 inches ( 5 cm ) .

A patient is suspected of an opioid overdose . Which findings would most likely support this suspicion ?

Respiratory depression Pinpoint pupils Unconsciousness

You and another provider are delivering ventilations with a bag valve - mask ( BVM ) resuscitator to an adult patient in cardiac arrest . Which of the following statements are correct ?

Seal the mask and open the airway by lifting the jaw into the mask . Bag - valve - mask ( BVM ) ventilations should be performed as a two - person technique provide a better seal and ventilation volume . Ensure that the chest begins to rise .

After 2 minutes of delivering ventilations to an adult patient in respiratory arrest , you reassess them for breathing and a pulse . What should you do if the patient's pulse becomes absent ?

Start CPR Immediately and use an AED when it is available When you are caring for an adult patient in respiratory arrest ( or respiratory failure ) , you should check for breathing and a pulse every 2 minutes . If their pulse becomes absent , you should start CPR immediately and use an AED when it is available .

You and additional providers have been caring for a child in respiratory arrest with a pulse of 65 bpm . After 2 minutes you reassess the child for breathing and a pulse . What should you do if the central pulse decreases to 50 bpm with signs of poor perfusion despite adequate ventilations and oxygen ?

Start CPR immediately .

You have been performing multiple - provider CPR and using an AED on an adult patient in cardiac arrest . The patient is now showing signs of return of spontaneous circulation ( ROSC ) . Which action ( s ) would the team perform ?

Stop CPR / AED . Check for breathing and a carotid or femoral pulse . Monitor the patient until the advanced cardiac life support team takes over .

You are working as part of a high - performance BLS team . Which roles would you and the other providers most likely fill ?

Team leader Airway manager / ventilator AED operator Compressor

You and a team of trained providers are performing CPR on an adult patient . One team member has gone to get additional resources and the AED . Which of the following statements are true about AED use ?

Team members should rotate roles every 2 minutes , which is generally during the AED analysis , to prevent compressor fatigue . The compressor should continue providing compressions until the AED pads are applied and the AED prompts that it is analyzing . After the shock is delivered and the AED prompts shock delivered , the team should immediately resume CPR .

Valerie has established that Mr. Goodman is in cardiac arrest and she has exposed the chest . She must immediately begin CPR while Joanne retrieves and sets up the AED . Which actions should the team take to ensure that they are providing high - quality CPR ?

That's not it . Provide smooth compressions at a rate of at least 100 to 120 per minute and a depth of at least 2 inches . Allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression ; compression and recoil times should be approximately equal . Minimize interruptions in chest compressions to less than 10 seconds . Provide smooth , effortless ventilations that last about 1 second each and make the chest begin to rise ; allow the air to it before delivering next ventilation . Avoid excessive ventilations .

An adult patient with an endotracheal tube ( ET ) in place experiences cardiac arrest and requires CPR . Which of the following statements are true when performing high - quality CPR with an ET tube in place ?

The providers perform continuous compressions without pausing for ventilations The providers deliver 1 ventilation every 6 seconds .

When performing back blows on an adult or child , where should you place the heel of your hand ?

To deliver back blows use the heel of your hand and firmly strike the pt in the center of the back between the scapulae

When performing back blows on an infant , where should you place the heel of your hand ?

To perform back blows , use the heel of your hand and firmly strike the patient in the center of the back , between the scapulae .

You must perform single - provider CPR on an adult patient in cardiac arrest . What technique should you use ?

To perform high - quality adult CPR as a single provider , provide 30 chest compressions at the rate of 100 to 120 per minute . Then deliver 2 ventilations , each lasting about 1 second , with a pocket mask or mouth - to - mouth .

. You should switch roles about every 2 minutes , which usually occurs during the time of AED analysis , or sooner if the compressor is becoming fatigued . True or false ?

True

Aallyah is 11 years old and weighs 97 lbs . She shows signs of puberty including breast development . You provide chest compressions at a depth of at least 2 inches ( 5 cm ) but no more than 2.4 Inches ( 6 cm ) .

True

If back blows , abdominal thrusts and / or chest thrusts are not effective or possible , use a combination of basic and advanced airway management techniques based on your training and availability .

True

If the patient with an obstructed airway is a child or shorter than you , it may be better to kneel behind them rather than stand to perform back blows and abdominal thrusts .

True

Joanne and Valerie switched to operating the BVM . While Joanne sealed the mask , Valerie depressed the bag . This is the preferred technique for BVM ventilation . True or false ?

True

Joanne correctly applied the AED pads using the anterior / lateral position . However , if Mr. Goodman had a pacemaker or ICD , she would adjust pad placement as necessary to avoid placing the AED pads directly over the pacemaker or ICD . True or false ?

True

Maggie is 4 years old and weighs 42 pounds . You simultaneously check for breathing and a pulse ( carotid ) for no more than 10 seconds . At the same time , you scan the body for bleeding .

True

Sadle is a 2.5 - year - old child weighing 28 pounds . To perform high - quality chest compressions you may need to use a one - hand technique .

True

The team leader assigns roles , supports the team , monitors the delivery of CPR and makes adjustments in real time . The team members deliver expert care within their assigned roles , assist others as needed ( as long as they can maintain their own assigned responsibilities ) and communicate effectively with the team leader and each other . True or false ?

True

When caring for a patient in cardiac arrest due to opioid overdose , you should prioritize high - quality CPR over naloxone administration . True or false ?

True

When providing care for an infant , perform chest thrusts about 1½ inches deep .

True

You recognize that Maggie is in cardiac arrest . You are alone and do not have a mobile phone or other form of communication . Although you called out for someone to help and get an AED , nobody responded . You did not witness Maggie collapse , so you provide 2 minutes of CPR before leaving Maggie to get help .

True

Providers are preparing to deliver ventilations with a BVM to a patient in cardiac arrest . One provider seals the mask with both hands using the E - C hand position and simultaneously opens the airway to a past - neutral position . The other provider delivers smooth , effortless ventilations that last about 1 second and make the chest begin to rise . This is the preferred technique for delivering BVM ventilations when an advanced airway is not in place . True or false ?

True . The two - person technique for BVM ventilations is the preferred technique .

After completing a rapid assessment , you'll use your findings to quickly recognize the emergency condition and determine your immediate course of action . True or false ?

True True . You should implement appropriate care based on your understanding of the patient's condition . Effective assessment and accurate recognition of the patient's condition allows you to provide proper care . Conditions requiring BLS care may include life - threatening injury or illness , respiratory arrest or failure , cardiac arrest , obstructed airway and oploid overdose .

When Joanne returns with the AED , what is her first step ?

Turn on the AED and follow the prompts .

After exposing the patient's chest , how should your hands be positioned ?

Two hands , one on top of the other , fingers interlaced This is the correct hand position to perform chest compressions for an adult .

You and another provider have recognized that an adult patient is in cardiac arrest . An advanced airway is not in place . Which actions demonstrate appropriate care ?

Use a compression - to - ventilation ratio of 30 : 2 . Begin CPR Immediately after identifying cardiac arrest .

When is consent to give care implied for a responsive choking child ?

When a parent or guardian is not available to give consent .

When performing abdominal thrusts , what is the correct placement of your fist on the patient's abdomen ?

When performing abdominal thrusts , place the thumb side of your fist on the middle of the abdomen , just above the navel .

You and two other providers , Amanda and Ryan , witness an adult patient collapse in the hallway . You perform a visual survey , looking for life - threatening bleeding , and check for responsiveness . When the patient doesn't respond , you tell Amanda to activate the rapid response team and you tell Ryan to retrieve the AED and resuscitation equipment . Then , you open the airway and simultaneously check for breathing , a pulse and life - threatening bleeding . They both repeat your instructions back to you to " close the loop . " Did the team respond appropriately ?

Yes First , always perform a visual survey , looking for life - threatening bleeding , and check for responsiveness . At least one provider must remain with the patient to initiate care or to monitor the patient , while others retrieve equipment and call for help . It is important to use closed - loop communication to ensure all instructions have been clearly understood .

Once the airway is open you simultaneously check for breathing , a pulse and life - threatening bleeding . Is this the correct course of action ?

Yes Simultaneously checking for breathing , a pulse and life - threatening bleeding is the correct course of action .

As you check Mrs. Bailey's breathing , you look to see whether her chest rises and falls , listen for escaping air and feel for breathing against the side of your cheek Is this the correct course of action ?

Yes The correct course of action is to look to see whether the patient's chest rises and falls , listen for escaping air and feel for breathing against the side of your cheek .

You determine your patient is in cardiac arrest and start CPR immediately . Amanda returns and announces the code team is on the way and Ryan returns stating , " I have the AED and resuscitation equipment . " What should the team do next ?

You should immediately perform 30 chest compressions , while Amanda prepares . to deliver 2 ventilations . Ryan should set up the AED , attach the pads and tell everyone to " clear as the AED begins to analyze .

You demonstrate high - quality CPR by keeping interruptions in CPR to less than seconds .

10

Mr. Goodman is unresponsive . Valerie must now simultaneously check for breathing and a pulse for no more than_

10 Seconds