CPR

Understanding duty of act

For laypersons, duty to act requires that you provide care if you have a legal duty. If you do not have a legal duty to provide care, you are not required to provide it.

When to activate Emergency Response system

If possible, send someone to activate the Emergency Response System (call 911) and begin high-quality CPR immediately. Use an AED if there is one available at the scene. If you're not with someone and you do not have a mobile phone, leave the patient to activate the Emergency Response System while also retrieving an AED.

AED in infants

If the pads are able to touch, place one pad directly on the back of the infant.

100-120 chest compressions should be performed on the patient per minute?

True

When a patients is unconscious and non responsive CPR should be performed

True

You can check tasks (breathing and pulse) simultaneously within 10 seconds

True

You should ask the patient if he or she is okay before performing CPR

True

How to use an AED

Turn on the AED. Usually there will be an "on" button. In some cases there might be a lever. Remove all clothing from the arms, chest and abdomen whether male or female. Attach pads to bare skin on the chest. Use the appropriate system for children or adults. Place the left pad under the left armpit to the left of the nipple. Place the right pad under the collarbone on the right side of the chest. Put the pads at least one inch away from any implanted devices. Analyze the patient's heart rhythm. DO NOT touch the patient during the defibrillator process. If the AED does not begin analyzing automatically, press the analyze button. Push the shock button if and when advised to do so. Clean the patient and area of any debris, significant amounts of water, etc., before using an AED.

CPR for infants (age less than 1 year, excluding newborns)

Witnessed Collapse: Call 911 or have someone call • Un-Witnessed Collapse: Perform CPR (for 2 minutes), call 911 or have someone call • Chest compressions: 100-120/min • Perform CPR - Circulate, Airway, Breathing (C-A-B's) • Compressions at about 1½ inches (4 cm) to 1/3 AP diameter of chest • 30:2 compressions over breaths and seal the infant's mouth and nose two rescuers: 15:2 • Two Rescuers: Perform compressions with 2 thumbs • Use AED as soon as it's available

When should an AED be used?

(As soon as it's available) After performing CPR and if the patient is still non-responsive an AED unit should be used. If the AED does not bring the patient back to consciousness, CPR should be re-administered. It's crucial to call 911 or any Emergency Medical Service (EMS) before performing CPR or using an AED.

In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Chain of Survival

1. Early recognition and prevention 2. Activation of emergency response 3. High quality CPR 4. Defibrillation 5. Post cardiac arrest care 6. Recovery

Out of hospital cardiac arrest chain of survival

1.Activation of emergency response 2. High quality CPR 3. Defibrillation 4. Advanced Resuscitation 5. Post cardiac arrest care 6. Recovery

When performing CPR on an infant (laying face up), you should use:

2 fingers

If you witness a child collapse, you should :

Activate EMS

If the patient's chest is not inflating during the breathing task you should check the patient's:

Airway

BLS

Basic life support (CPR and AED skills)

for adults/adolescents, you should call/activate EMS:

Before providing CPR

Scene safety and recognition of cardiac arrest (adult)

Check for safety (for rescuers and victims) and responsiveness, breathing, and gasping. Check the pulse for more than 5 seconds but within 10 seconds (breathing and pulse check can occur simultaneously).

Check pulse: (infants)

Check the infants pulse by placing 2 fingers on the brachial artery. Press your index and 3rd finger on the inside of the infant's upper arm between the elbow and shoulders.

CCF

Chest compression fraction

circulation: (adult)

Chest compressions circulate the blood within the patient. It's important to place your hands correctly upon the patient's chest. Chest Compression Tempo: Perform CPR while matching the tempo of the song "Staying Alive" while making sure to push hard and fast.

What is the correct word for C in C.A.B.?

Circulation (Compressions)

one-rescuer CPR (infants)

Just below the infants nipples, in the center of the chest, and just below the middle horizontal line, place two fingers for compression. Remember, 100-120/min compressions while maintaining the same ratio 30:2 Compression to Breathing: Perform five reps of Compressions and breathing or about 2 minutes and then call 911 (or have someone else activate the emergency response system). Continue CPR until help arrives or until the infant breathes again. Press compressions at about 1/3 of the chest circumference (at least one-third AP diameter of chest or about 1.5 inches or 4 cm.)

Minimizing interruptions

Limit interruptions in chest compressions to less than 10 seconds with a CCF goal of 80%

Compression (adult)

Make sure the adult or adolescent is resting upon a firm, solid surface. Perform chest compressions on the lower half of the breastbone (sternum). Once in position, lock your elbows and use your body's weight to compress at least 2 inches (5 cm) upon the patient's chest. Do not lean on the patient's chest in between compressions and make sure the chest ultimately recoils. Limit all interruptions to less than 10 seconds while performing CPR.

Two-Rescuer CPR (infants)

One Rescuer should use two hands holding the infant facing up while positioning the fingers (encircling hands) in the middle of the infant's chest as the other rescuer uses a one-way valve-placing it over the infant's mouth and nose. One rescuer will perform compressions while the other uses the rescue valve. You can also apply a ratio of 15:2 compressions to breathing. Give one breath every 6 seconds (10 breaths/min) if an advanced airway technique is used.

CPR on a pregnant patient

Oxygenation and airway management should be prioritized during resuscitation from cardiac arrest in pregnancy because pregnant patients are more prone to hypoxia (a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply). Fetal monitoring should not be undertaken during cardiac arrest in pregnancy because of potential interference with maternal resuscitation. CPR on a pregnant person should be performed as you would on a non-pregnant patient.

Two-Rescuer CPR (adult)

Perform task simultaneously. Administer compressions over breathing 30:2

During the breathing task for infants you should:

Place mouth over infant's mouth and nose.

The Good Samaritan law

Protects individuals who assists those who are injured, ill, or in peril

ROSC

Return of spontaneous circulation

Check pulse: (adult)

Test the pulse by placing two fingers on the carotid artery. Press your index and 3rd finger on the side of the neck, against the windpipe. You can also check the wrist by placing the same two fingers on the inside of the wrist below the thumb.

Death is likely to occur-

after 10 minutes of loss of oxygen to the brain. From 6 to 10 minutes, brain damage is expected. From 4 to 6 minutes, brain damage is very possible, and from 0 to 4 minutes, permanent or serious brain damage isn't likely to occur.

Chest recoil

allow complete recoil of chest after each compression; do not lean on the chest after each compression

AED

automated external defibrillator

What is the leading cause of death in the USA?

cardiovascular disease

C.A.B

circulation (compressions) , airway, breathing

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

involves the application of chest compressions applied to a person who has no pulse or isn't breathing. Chest compressions will allow the heart to carry oxygenated blood throughout the body and to the brain. CPR essentially acts like an artificial heart moving the blood rich in oxygen to the brain.

CPR for adults and adolescents

• Check for life • Before performing CPR call 911 or have someone else call • Chest compressions: 100-120/min • Two Rescuers: Perform tasks simultaneously • Perform CPR - Circulate, Airway, Breathing (C-A-B's) • Perform compressions at about 2 inches (5 cm) depth • One or Two rescuers: 30:2 compressions over breaths • • Use AED as soon as it's available

CPR for children (age 1 year to puberty)

• Witnessed Collapse: Call 911 or have someone call - Un-Witnessed Collapse: Perform CPR (for 2 minutes), call 911 or have someone call • Chest compressions: 100-120/min • Perform CPR - Circulate, Airway, Breathing (C-A-B's) - Compressions at about 2 inches (5 cm) to 1/3 AP diameter of chest - 30:2 compressions over breaths (two rescuers 15:2) • Two Rescuers: Perform tasks simultaneously • Use AED as soon as it's available