CPR and Basic Life Support

Where would you take a pulse using the femoral artery? A. Neck B. Bicep C. Wrist D. Groin

D. Groin

In the infant recovery position, how is the head held? A. Above the body B. With two hands C. Parallel to the body D. Lower than the body

D. Lower than the body

How do you check for responsiveness in an infant?

Tapping them on the heel

Which of the following determines whether a victim should receive adult or pediatric CPR?

The victim has reached the onset of puberty.

How should you treat a victim with a partially blocked airway?

encourage hard coughing

Which of the following conditions poses the greatest threat to a person's life? A. Cardiac arrest B. Heart attack C. Myocardial infarction D. Arrhythmia

A. Cardiac arrest

Which of the following are valid reasons to stop CPR? A. The victim regains normal circulation and breathing B. A valid document is presented noting that the victim is not to be resuscitated C. Advanced life support, such as an ambulance, arrives D. All of the above

D. All of the above

When dealing with a victim of an opioid overdose, when should naloxone be administered? A. As soon as the advanced care team arrives B. As soon as an opioid overdose is identified C. As soon as the victim is breathing, even if no pulse is detected D. As soon as a pulse is detected, even if the victim is not breathing

D. As soon as a pulse is detected, even if the victim is not breathing

In pediatric CPR, what is the age range for a child? A. Under 12 years of age B. Between 1 year and 8 years C. Between 4 years and 12 years D. Between 1 year and the onset of puberty

D. Between 1 year and the onset of puberty

CPR has three basics steps. Which of the options below shows the correct order for these steps? A. Breathing, circulation, airway B. Airway, circulation, breathing C. Airway, breathing, circulation D. Circulation, airway, breathing

D. Circulation, airway, breathing

If a person has a pulse but is not breathing, what should be done? A. Continue with chest compressions and rescue breaths in a 30:2 ratio. B. Move the victim to the recovery position to encourage independent breathing. C. Use the defibrillator as soon as possible to restore independent breathing. D. Give rescue breaths every 5-6 seconds; check pulse and breathing every 2 minutes.

D. Give rescue breaths every 5-6 seconds; check pulse and breathing every 2 minutes.

What compression technique should be used on an infant during CPR when there are multiple rescuers? A. One-hand B. Two-finger C. Two-hand D. Two thumb-encircling hands

D. Two thumb-encircling hands

How should you treat a pregnant choking victim? A. Use abdominal thrusts. B. Use the Heimlich maneuver. C. Use back blows. D. Use chest thrusts.

D. Use chest thrusts.

What makes clinical and biological death different? A. Biological death occurs when organs can no longer function or be revived. B. Clinical death can only be pronounced by a doctor inside a hospital. C. Clinical death may not occur when breathing and circulation have stopped. D. Biological death occurs when CPR fails to revive a victim within five minutes.

A. Biological death occurs when organs can no longer function or be revived.

What is the most common cause of choking for young children and infants? A. Choking on small objects they accidentally swallowed B. Choking from swallowing too much water C. Trauma caused by a fall onto their back D. Allergic reactions to food they have eaten

A. Choking on small objects they accidentally swallowed

You are a lone rescuer who is getting tired from performing chest compressions. What action should be taken when more rescuers arrive?

Assign tasks to other rescuers and rotate compressors to avoid fatigue.

How much blood is pumped during an effective chest compression compared to a normal heartbeat? A. 15% B. 30% C. 45% D. 60%

B. 30%

How dterm-48eep should compressions be during CPR on an infant? A. About one inch B. About one and a half inches C. About two inches D. About three inches

B. About one and a half inches

Where would you take a pulse using the brachial artery? A. Wrist B. Bicep C. Groin D. Neck

B. Bicep

If an airway obstruction is removed in an unresponsive infant, what is the next step? A. Use the AED, if available. B. Check for responsiveness. C. Immediately begin CPR. D. Check for a pulse.

B. Check for responsiveness.

What should a rescuer do if a victim becomes unconscious during abdominal thrusts? A. Continue abdominal thrusts. B. Immediately begin CPR. C. Administer defibrillation. D. Give two rescue breaths.

B. Immediately begin CPR.

How many back blows should be given to an infant? A. None, unless the infant is obese B. Two for every 15 compressions C. Five with enough force to dislodge the object D. As many as possible, to make sure the object is cleared

C. Five with enough force to dislodge the object

How should your bottom hand be placed on a person's chest for compressions? A. The fingers should be placed over the lower half of the sternum. B. The fingers should be placed over the upper half of the sternum. C. The heel of the hand should be placed over the lower half of the sternum. D. The heel of the hand should be placed over the upper half of the sternum.

C. The heel of the hand should be placed over the lower half of the sternum.

In which of the following situations would it be safe to use an AED? A. The victim's chest is covered in water. B. There are flammable materials nearby. C. The victim is lying in a small puddle of water. D. None of the above are safe situations.

C. The victim is lying in a small puddle of water.

When there are two rescuers, what should the second rescuer do if their partner is delivering a shock with a defibrillator?

stay clear when told.

How should a choking infant be positioned for back blows?

On your forearm, facing down

An AED arrives in the middle of performing a cycle of chest compressions. When should the AED be used?

immediately when it arrives

How can you ensure you are giving effective rescue breaths?

Observe the chest rise with each breath.

What is the rule of thumb for how long you should check for responsiveness?

Check for between 5 and 10 seconds.

Which of the following is accomplished by CPR?

It circulates blood until the heart is restored to good health.

When there are two or more rescuers, what is the best guideline for chest compressions?

The two rescuers should switch every 2 minutes, or five compression cycles, to prevent fatigue.

When taking the pulse of a child victim you can use the _____________ artery.

carotid and femoral

How should back blows be given?

with the heel of your free hand

Approximately how long after cardiac arrest do brain cells begin to die? A. 1 minute B. 4 minutes C. 6 minutes D. 10 minutes

A. 1 minute

What is the ratio of chest compressions and rescue breaths during pediatric CPR when there are multiple rescuers? A. 15:2 B. 20:2 C. 30:2 D. 30:3

A. 15:2

Which of the following victims needs abdominal thrusts? A. A victim who cannot talk and is grabbing their throat B. A victim who is coughing and drinking water C. A victim who is coughing forcefully D. A victim who says, "Help! I'm choking! "

A. A victim who cannot talk and is grabbing their throat

What does BLS stand for? A. Basic Life Support B. Basic Living Survival C. Bleeding Lung Syndrome D. Breathe, Life, Save

A. Basic Life Support

Of the following steps in a one-person rescue, which one would occur last? A. Checking for responsiveness B. Asking bystanders what happened C. Treating life-threatening injuries D. Looking for what may have caused the emergency

A. Checking for responsiveness

About how long should each compression take in pediatric CPR?term-51 A. Less than 1 second B. About 1 second C. Between 1-2 seconds D. About 2 seconds

A. Less than 1 second

What is a difference between adult and pediatric CPR? A. More emphasis is given to rescue breaths in pediatric CPR. B. Fatigue during pediatric chest compressions does not occur. C. Clothes can be left covering the chest during pediatric CPR. D. Bag masks are not effective on pediatric victims because they are too large.

A. More emphasis is given to rescue breaths in pediatric CPR.

What is an important difference between the in-hospital and out-of-hospital chains of survival? A. Outside of the hospital, activating the emergency response system is the very first step. B. Outside of the hospital, prevention is one of the important steps in the chain of survival. C. Inside the hospital, CPR would not begin until the defibrillator arrives. D. Post-cardiac arrest care will only be available to those who experienced the arrest in a hospital.

A. Outside of the hospital, activating the emergency response system is the very first step.

Which of the following statements correctly explains a guideline for high-quality CPR? A. The chest should be exposed down to the skin to ensure that chest compressions will most efficiently circulate the blood. B. A slight incline should be used to ensure that circulation can more effectively reach the brain. C. More chest compressions can be achieved each minute by compressing when the chest has recoiled half-way, rather than letting it recoil completely. D. A bag mask should only be used if the rescuer knows that they are sick and may transmit potentially infectious materials through normal mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing.

A. The chest should be exposed down to the skin to ensure that chest compressions will most efficiently circulate the blood.

What should be covered by a pocket-mask or bag-mask? A. The mouth and nose B. The mouth and chin C. The mouth, nose, and chin D. The mouth, nose, eyes, and chin

A. The mouth and nose

A team leader assigns a task to another person. Which of the following actions demonstrates good closed-loop communication? A. The person repeats the message and acknowledges when the task is done. B. The person responds with a quick "OK" and acknowledges when the task is done. C. The person performs the task and acknowledges when the task is done. D. The person waits to be addressed by name before performing the task.

A. The person repeats the message and acknowledges when the task is done.

If back blows do not clear an obstructed airway in an infant, what is the next step a rescuer should take? A. Turn the infant over and perform chest thrusts. B. Sit the infant up and perform abdominal thrusts. C. Lean down and perform two rescue breaths. D. Lay the infant on a solid surface and start CPR.

A. Turn the infant over and perform chest thrusts.

When is it appropriate to place a victim in the recovery position? A. When ROSC has been restored B. When signs of biological death are evident C. When the rescuer is about to begin CPR D. When it is unsafe to continue CPR

A. When ROSC has been restored

When does choking occur? A. When the trachea is blocked B. During lung failure C. When the esophagus is blocked D. During cardiac arrest

A. When the trachea is blocked

How should abdominal thrusts be given? A. Slowly, with an inward and upward motion B. Quickly, with an inward and upward motion C. Slowly, with an inward and downward motion D. Quickly, with an inward and downward motion

B. Quickly, with an inward and upward motion

What action should you take when the AED is analyzing the heart rhythm? A. Give rescue breaths to the victim. B. Stand clear of the victim. C. Continue chest compressions. D. Check the pulse and breathing.

B. Stand clear of the victim.

If giving CPR to an unresponsive choking victim, when should you check for foreign objects in the mouth? A. Do not check for the foreign object; focus on the CPR B. Before giving two rescue breaths C. After each compression D. Once every five cycles, or about 2 minutes

B. Before giving two rescue breaths

In a two-person rescue, the chest compressions should stop while the AED is being set up and the pads applied. A. True B. False

B. False

Where should a child be placed when being moved to the recovery position? A. On a soft surface, like a bed, with pillow under their head B. On their side, using the same procedure you would with an adult C. On your forearm, face down, with their head lower than their body D. In the supine position, on a firm, level surface

B. On their side, using the same procedure you would with an adult

If the victim has a definite pulse but no normal breathing, how often should rescue breaths be given? A. Once every 1 to 3 seconds B. Once every 3 to 5 seconds C. Once every 5 to 10 seconds D. Once every 20 seconds, after compressions

B. Once every 3 to 5 seconds

What is the first step in the Pediatric Chain of Survival? A. Activation of the Emergency Response System B. Prevention C. Basic CPR D. Advanced Life Support

B. Prevention

In a one-person rescue, you attempt to deliver a rescue breath and the victim's chest does not rise. How should you proceed? A. Immediately start chest compressions. B. Quickly check the positioning of the head and deliver another breath before starting compressions. C. Continue attempting breaths until the chest rises, then start compressions. D. Use a finger to sweep the mouth, and then make another attempt to deliver rescue breaths. E. Move the victim to the recovery position before checking responsiveness again.

B. Quickly check the positioning of the head and deliver another breath before starting compressions.

Which of the following is a benefit of having two people involved in CPR? A. The victim is less likely to become injured. B. The rescuers can switch roles. C. More oxygen is delivered to the victim's lungs. D. One of the rescuers can calm bystanders.

B. The rescuers can switch roles.

What would be a valid reason to delay the start of CPR? A. The victim is unconscious. B. The victim is bleeding heavily from their leg. C. Both a and b are reasons to delay the start of CPR. D. Neither a nor b is a valid reason to delay the start of CPR.

B. The victim is bleeding heavily from their leg.

How are rescue breaths given during infant CPR when no barrier device is available? A. Through the mouth only B. Through the mouth and nose C. Through the mouth during chest compressions D. Through the nose only

B. Through the mouth and nose

What compression technique should be used on an infant during CPR when there is one rescuer? A. Two-hand B. Two-finger C. One-hand D. Two thumb-encircling hands

B. Two-finger

Which of the following is NOT a sign of cardiac arrest? A. Victim is gasping and does not have a pulse. B. Victim is holding their throat and gasping for breath. C. Victim is turning blue and does not respond to sounds. D. Victim is not responding when shaken.

B. Victim is holding their throat and gasping for breath.

When should a cardiac arrest victim be put into the recovery position? A. When CPR is started on the victim B. When signs of spontaneous circulation are seen C. When a shock is delivered by an AED D. When an advance care team arrives

B. When signs of spontaneous circulation are seen

In adult CPR, when should the emergency response system be activated?

Before administering CPR

What is the ratio of chest compressions and rescue breaths during pediatric CPR when there is one rescuer? A. 15:2 B. 20:2 C. 30:2 D. 30:3

C. 30:2

Which of the choices below is NOT a reason to stop BLS? A. A valid DNR document presented. B. An advanced life support team arrives. C. A defibrillator is not available. D. The victim shows signs of ROSC.

C. A defibrillator is not available.

How much does the chance of survival decrease each minute after cardiac arrest if BLS is not begun? A. About 2% B. About 5% C. About 10% D. About 15%

C. About 10%

Which of the following is true when it comes to obstructions in the trachea? A. The object which could be blocking the trachea would be impossible to see. B. The rescuer must clear the object, whether the trachea is completely or only partially obstructed. C. An unconscious victim may be easier to treat because the muscles in the throat relax. D. It is sometimes easier and better to force the object downward, so that it enters the stomach.

C. An unconscious victim may be easier to treat because the muscles in the throat relax.

Chest compressions on adults should be done to what depth? A. No more than 1" B. Between 1-2" C. Between 2-2.4" D. As deep as possible

C. Between 2-2.4"

Where on the infant's back should the back blow be administered? A. Where the infant's neck and back meet B. On the very center of the infant's back C. Between the infant's shoulder blades D. On the infant's right shoulder blade

C. Between the infant's shoulder blades

How is the carotid artery found? A. By holding your fingers on the upper edge of the mandible, where it meets the neck B. By pressing down on the crease where the thigh meets the abdomen C. By sliding your fingers between the trachea and the muscles on the side of the neck D. By holding your fingers down on the upturned wrist, and moving slightly in the direction of the thumb

C. By sliding your fingers between the trachea and the muscles on the side of the neck

In two-person CPR, if the victim is unresponsive, what two tasks should happen immediately? A. Check for pulse and breathing; begin compressions B. Check for pulse and breathing; give two rescue breaths C. Check for pulse and breathing; activate emergency response system D. Activate emergency response system; locate a defibrillator

C. Check for pulse and breathing; activate emergency response system

Which method is used to clear an obstructed airway in an infant? A. Give sets of 5 back blows and 2 rescue breaths. B. Give sets of 5 chest thrusts and 5 abdominal thrusts. C. Give sets of 5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts. D. Give sets of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts.

C. Give sets of 5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts.

Which of the following causes of cardiac arrest is most common among much older victims of cardiac arrest? A. Electrocution B. Choking C. Heart condition D. Respiratory distress

C. Heart condition

Of the following causes of cardiac arrest in infants and children, which is the least common? A. Drowning B. Choking C. Heart disease D. Asthma

C. Heart disease

What precaution should be taken when adult AED pads are used on cardiac arrest victims under 8 years old? A. Make sure to use the placements given in the instructions in all cases. B. Do not use the AED unless the pediatric pads are available. C. Make sure the pads are placed so that they do not touch. D. When preparing to deliver a shock, make sure that the highest possible level of shock is used.

C. Make sure the pads are placed so that they do not touch.

Which of the following situations would lead to using a jaw-thrust method to open the airway? A. Object blocking the airway or suspected choking B. Unresponsive victim C. Potential neck or spine injury D. Arrival of a defibrillator

C. Potential neck or spine injury

What is cardiac arrest? A. When the heart begins to beat irregularly B. When the body does not breath properly C. When cells in the brain start to die due to lack of oxygen D. When the heart stops effectively pumping blood

D. When the heart stops effectively pumping blood

During CPR, what is the ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths in adults? A. 2 compressions to 1 breath B. 10 compressions to 1 breath C. 15 compressions to 2 breaths D. 30 compressions to 2 breaths

D. 30 compressions to 2 breaths

Which of the following victims can have their pulse taken on their femoral artery? A. An infant victim B. An adolescent victim C. An adult victim D. A child victim

D. A child victim

BLS does NOT include _______. A. Early CPR B. Rapid defibrillation C. Recognition of cardiac arrest D. Advanced care in a hospital

D. Advanced care in a hospital

Which of the following can affect the methods for clearing an airway? A. Age of victim B. Weight of victim C. Whether or not the victim is pregnant D. All of the above

D. All of the above

How long should you spend checking for a pulse and normal breathing during pediatric CPR? term-40 A. No more than 5 seconds B. As long as it takes to locate a pulse C. At least 2 seconds, but no longer than 10 seconds D. At least 5 seconds, but no longer than 10 seconds

D. At least 5 seconds, but no longer than 10 seconds

Which of the following is true? A. Automated external defibrillators can stun the lungs and restart breathing in a victim. B. CPR can be performed on a conscious victim. C. Defibrillation is most successful when performed between 5 and 10 minutes after cardiac arrest begins. D. CPR may prevent biological death if performed immediately after clinical death.

D. CPR may prevent biological death if performed immediately after clinical death.

What effect can rescuer fatigue have on chest compressions? A. Compressions become too rapid. B. Fatigue rarely affects chest compressions. C. Compressions become too deep and risk injury. D. Compressions become shallow and ineffective.

D. Compressions become shallow and ineffective.

Which of the following is true? A. Death from choking is common because advanced life support is often not available quickly enough. B. Death from choking is uncommon because most people choke in hospitals, where responses are quick. C. Death from choking is common because most rescuers trained in CPR are not as knowledgeable on choking. D. Death from choking is uncommon because rescuers act quickly to clear the airway.

D. Death from choking is uncommon because rescuers act quickly to clear the airway.

What is the first link in the adult Out-of-Hospital chain of survival? A. Rapid defibrillation with an AED B. Provide effective advanced life support C. Perform early high-quality CPR D. Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest

D. Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest

Which of the following outcomes is NOT a sign of high-quality CPR? A. CPR on a firm, level surface B. Increased percentage of time spent doing chest compressions C. Time allowed for the chest to recoil after each rescue breath D. Increasing breath volume to completely fill lungs every time

D. Increasing breath volume to completely fill lungs every time

How does defibrillation work? A. It temporarily boosts blood flow through a stopped heart. B. It shocks a stopped heart to start pumping again. C. It restarts the heart and creates a new rhythm. D. It stuns the heart to stop ventricular fibrillation.

D. It stuns the heart to stop ventricular fibrillation.

How can you tell if a child has reached the onset of puberty? A. The child is taller than 5 and 1/2 feet. B. The child is over 12 years of age. C. The child is over 18 years of age. D. The child has secondary sex characteristics.

D. The child has secondary sex characteristics.

All cardiac arrest situations are shockable by an AED. True or False

False

Why is allowing complete chest recoil important when performing CPR?

If allow venous return during CPR.

The AED has failed to find a shockable rhythm. What is the next step?

Immediately continue CPR.

Which victims of cardiac arrest require smaller AED pads?

Infants and children under 8 years old

You are alone and find a child who needs CPR. What should you do?

Perform CPR for 2 minutes and then activate the emergency response system.

The team leader asks you to perform a task, but you have not yet perfected the task. What action should you take?

Respond that you are not fully capable of doing the task.

Which of the following is true when performing CPR on an unresponsive choking victim?

The mouth should be checked for the obstruction prior to rescue breaths.

Which of the following victims needs to have their head in the neutral position when the rescuer opens their airway?

an infant victim

Which of the following victims should have their pulse taken on their brachial artery?

an infant victim

Roberta is home alone with her 2-year old son. They are playing together. Her son has a serious asthma attack and goes into cardiac arrest. What is the first step Roberta should take?

call 911