CPR Final Review

Why is it important to stand clear and not touch a person when the AED is analyzing? When delivering a shock?

It's important to stand clear and not touch a person when the AED is analyzing because it can result in a faulty reading. It's important to stand clear and not touch a person when the AED is delivering a shock because anyone who is touching the person while the device is delivering a shock is at risk for receiving a shock as well.

When you are performing CPR, explain why it is important to keep your shoulders directly over your elbows locked?

It is important because it will let you push on the chest using a straight up-and-down motion , which moves the most blood with each push and is less tiring.

Each minute that defibrillation is delayed, the chance of survival by

10%

List signs/symptoms of a heart attack.

- Chest pain, which can range from mild to unbearable. The person may complain of pressure, squeezing, tightness, aching or heaviness in the chest. The pain or discomfort is persistent, lasting longer than 3 to 5 minutes, or going away and then coming back. It is not relieved by resting, changing position or taking medication. It may be difficult to distinguish the pain of a heart attack from the pain of indigestion, heartburn or a muscle spasm. - Discomfort or pain that spreads to one or both arms, the back, the shoulder, the neck, the jaw or the upper part of the stomach - Dizziness or light-headedness - Trouble breathing, including noisy breathing, shortness of breath or breathing that is faster than normal - Nausea or vomiting - Pale, ashen (gray) or slightly bluish skin, especially around the face and fingers - Sweating - A feeling of anxiety or impending doom - Extreme fatigue (tiredness) - Unresponsiveness

List the reasons why you would stop CPR?

- You notice an obvious sign of life. - An AED is ready to use and no other trained responders are available to assist you with the AED. You have performed approximately 2 minutes of CPR (5 sets of 30:2) and another trained responder is available to take over compressions. - You have performed approximately 2 minutes of CPR (5 sets of 30:2), you are alone and caring for a child, and you need to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number. - EMS personnel take over. - You are alone and too tired to continue. - The scene becomes unsafe.

10. In an emergency: A. when should you "call first" B. when should you "care first"

- call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number before giving care - Any person about 12 years or older who is unresponsive. - A child or an infant whom you witnessed suddenly collapse. - An unresponsive child or infant known to have heart problems - Give immediate care, then call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number - An unresponsive infant or child younger than about 12 years whom you did not see collapse. - A person who is choking. - A person who is experiencing a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and has an epinephrine auto injector. - A person who has severe, life-threatening bleeding.

If you suspect somebody is having a diabetic emergency, how much sugar do you give them?

15-20 grams

Page 22: Removing glove

1. Pinch the palm side of one glove on the outside near your wrist. 2. Pull the glove toward your fingertips, turning it inside out as you pull it off your hand. 3. Hold the glove in the palm of your other (still-gloved) hand. 4. Carefully slip two fingers under the wrist of the other glove. Avoid touching the outside of the glove. 5. Pull the glove toward your fingertips, turning it inside out as you pull it off your hand. The other glove is now contained inside. 6. Dispose of the gloves properly and wash your hands.

List the 4 basic steps of your role in the EMS system.

1. Recognizing that an emergency exists. 2. Deciding to take action. 3. Activating the EMS system. 4. Giving care until EMS personnel take over.

steps for using an AED

1. Turn on the AED and follow the voice prompts. 2. Remove all clothing covering the chest and, if necessary, wipe the chest dry. 3. Place the pads. 4. Plug the connector cable into the AED 5. Prepare to let the AED analyze the heart's rhythm. ■ Make sure no one, including you, is touching the person. Say, "EVERYONE CLEAR!" in a loud, commanding voice. ■ If the AED tells you to, push the "analyze" button to start this process. 6. Deliver a shock, if the AED determines one is needed. ■ Make sure no one, including you, is touching the person. Say, "EVERYONE CLEAR!" in a loud, commanding voice. ■ Push the "shock" button to deliver the shock. 7. After the AED delivers the shock, or if no shock is advised: ■ Immediately begin CPR, starting with compressions. Continue giving CPR (about 2 minutes, or 5 sets of 30:2) until prompted by the AED. ■ Continue giving CPR and following the AED's prompts until you see an obvious sign of life or EMS personnel arrive.

Write out the steps for Child Choking:

1. Verify that the child is choking by asking the child to speak to you 2. Give 5 back blows 3. Give 5 abdominal thrusts 4. Continue giving sets of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts until: ■ The child can cough forcefully, speak, cry or breathe. ■ The child becomes unresponsive.

Write out the steps for Child CPR:

1. Verify that the child is unresponsive and not breathing 2. Place the child on his or her back on a firm, flat surface. Kneel beside the child 3. Give 30 chest compressions 4. Give 2 rescue breaths 5. Continue giving sets of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths until you see signs of life, etc

steps for Infant Choking

1. Verify that the infant is choking by checking to see if the infant is crying or coughing forcefully. 2. Position the infant. 3. Give 5 back blows. 4. Reposition the infant. 5. Give 5 chest thrusts. 6. Continue giving sets of 5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts until: ■ The infant can cough forcefully, cry or breathe. ■ The infant becomes unresponsive.

steps for Infant CPR

1. Verify that the infant is unresponsive and not breathing. 2. Place the infant on his or her back on a firm, flat surface. Stand or kneel next to the infant. 3. Give 30 chest compressions. 4. Give 2 rescue breaths. 5. Continue giving sets of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths until: ■ You notice an obvious sign of life. ■ An AED is ready to use and no other trained responders are available to assist you with the AED. ■ You have performed approximately 2 minutes of CPR (5 sets of 30:2) and another trained responder is available to take over compressions. ■ You have performed approximately 2 minutes of CPR (5 sets of 30:2), you are alone and caring for an infant, and you need to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number. ■ EMS personnel take over. ■ You are too tired to continue. ■ The scene becomes unsafe.

P. 68 Choking steps

1. Verify that the person is choking by asking the person to speak to you. 2. Give 5 back blows. 3. Give 5 abdominal thrusts. 4. Continue giving sets of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts until: ■ The child can cough forcefully, speak, cry or breathe. ■ The child becomes unresponsive.

P. 53 Adult CPR steps

1. Verify that the person is unresponsive and not breathing. 2. Place the person on his or her back on a firm, flat surface. Kneel beside the person. 3. Give 30 chest compressions. 4. Give 2 rescue breaths. 5. Continue giving sets of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths until: ■ You notice an obvious sign of life. ■ An AED is ready to use and no other trained responders are available to assist you with the AED. ■ You have performed approximately 2 minutes of CPR (5 sets of 30:2) and another trained responder is available to take over compressions. ■ EMS personnel take over. ■ You are alone and too tired to continue. ■ The scene becomes unsafe.

List the reasons when you would stop giving CPR.

1. You notice an obvious sign of life. 2. An AED is ready to use and no other trained responders are available to assist you with the AED. 3. You have performed approximately 2 minutes of CPR (5 sets of 30:2) and another trained responder is available to take over compressions. 4. EMS personnel take over. 5. You are alone and too tired to continue. 6. The scene becomes unsafe.

What is included in one cycle of CPR?

30 chest cmpressions and _2 rescue breaths_________.To complete one cycle of CPR, it should take you about 24__________ seconds. Each breath should last _1- second ___________.

Approximately how many cycles of CPR can you do in 2 minutes?

5 cycles

What is the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest?

A heart attack occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked while Cardiac arrest, on the other hand, occurs when the heart stops beating or beats too ineffectively to circulate blood to the brain and other vital organs.

Summarize when and how you obtain permission to give care. What if a person does not give consent?

Before giving first aid care, you must obtain consent from the injured or ill person (or the person's parent or guardian if the person is a minor) To obtain consent you can state your name, state the type and level of training that you have (such as training in first aid or CPR), explain what you think is wrong, explain what you plan to do, or ask if you may help. With this information, an ill or injured person can grant his or her consent for care. If the person is unresponsive, confused or mentally impaired then they may not be able to grant consent so the law assumes the person would give consent if he or she were able to do so. This is called implied consent. An injured or ill person may refuse care, even if he or she desperately needs it. A parent or guardian also may refuse care for a minor in his or her care. You must honor the person's wishes. Explain to the person why you believe care is necessary, but do not touch or give care to the person if care was refused. If you believe the person's condition is life threatening, call EMS personnel to evaluate the situation. If the person gives consent initially but then withdraws it, stop giving care and call for EMS personnel if you have not already done so.

Pg 32: checking an unresponsive person

Check for responsiveness and breathing. Shout to get the person's attention, using the person's name if you know it. If there is no response, tap the person's shoulder or the bottom of the person's foot, and shout again while checking for normal breathing. Check for responsiveness and breathing for no more than 5 to 10 seconds. Isolated or infrequent gasping is not normal breathing. If the person responds and is breathing normally but is not fully awake: Send someone to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number and to obtain an AED and first aid kit. Interview bystanders (using SAMPLE as a guide) and do a head-to-toe check to gather more information. Place the person into the recovery position by rolling the person onto his or her side. 3. If the person does not respond and is not breathing or is only gasping: Send someone to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number and to obtain an AED and first aid kit (or, if you are alone, complete these actions yourself). If the person is face-down, carefully roll the person onto his or her back. If necessary, move the person to a firm, flat surface. Immediately begin CPR (starting with compressions) and use an AED as soon as possible, if you are trained in these skills.call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number and to obtain an AED and first aid kit. Interview bystanders (using SAMPLE as a guide) and do a head-to-toe check to gather more information. Place the person into the recovery position by rolling the person onto his or her side. 3. If the person does not respond and is not breathing or is only gasping: Send someone to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number and to obtain an AED and first aid kit (or, if you are alone, complete these actions yourself). If the person is face-down, carefully roll the person onto his or her back. If necessary, move the person to a firm, flat surface. Immediately begin CPR (starting with compressions) and use an AED as soon as possible, if you are trained in these skills.

How do you seal the mouth/nose when giving rescue breaths to an infant?

Cover infants nose and mouth with your mouth to form a seal

When giving rescue breaths to a child, how long should each rescue breath take?

Each rescue breath should take 1 second.

What are some common factors that keep people from responding to an emergency medical situation

Fear of catching a disease, fear of being sued, being uncertain an emergency actually exists, assuming the situation is being controlled, being afraid of giving the wrong care or causing the person more harm, and squeamish towards the unpleasant odors, sounds or sights.

When an emergency occurs, what are the 3 basic steps you should take?

First you check the scene and the person, then call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number, and the care for the person.

What hazards could make it UNSAFE to use an AED?

Flammable or combustible materials, metal surfaces, water, inclement weather, pregnancy, pacemakers and ICD's, transdermal medication patches, chest hair, jewelry and body piercings are hazards.

How do you care for a person with a possible head, back or neck injury?

Get help. Call 911 or emergency medical help. Keep the person still. Place heavy towels or rolled sheets on both sides of the neck or hold the head and neck to prevent movement. Avoid moving the head or neck. ... Keep helmet on. ... Don't roll alone.

List the signals that indicate an infant is choking?

If the infant is crying or coughing very forcefully or if the infant is unable to cry or is coughing very weakly

Pg 30 checking a responsive person

Interview the person (or bystanders, if necessary) using SAMPLE to get a better understanding of the situation and the nature of the person's illness or injury. S = Signs and symptoms. Take note of sign and ask the person about symptoms A = Allergies. Ask the person about allergies, noting causes of allergic reactions in the past and whether the allergic reaction was severe or life threatening. M = Medications. Ask the person about over-the-counter and prescription medications that he or she is taking. Ask about the name of the medication and when the person last took it. P = Pertinent medical history. Ask the person whether he or she has any medical Conditions. L = Last food or drink. Ask the person when he or she last had something to eat or drink, what the person ate or drank, and how much. E = Events leading up to the incident. Ask the person what was happening and what he or she was doing just prior to when he or she began to feel ill or was injured. 2. Check each part of the body in a systematic manner from head to toe. As you check each part of the body, look and feel for signs of injury, including bleeding, cuts, burns, bruising, swelling or deformities. Note if the person has pain or discomfort or is unable or unwilling to move the body part. Also notice how the person's skin looks and feels. Is the skin pale, ashen or flushed? Does it feel moist or dry, cool or hot? 3. Provide care for any conditions found. If your check reveals signs or symptoms of an injury or illness, call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number (if necessary) and provide care according to the conditions that you find and your level of knowledge and training. Be alert to signs that the person's condition is worsening. If the person has no apparent signs or symptoms of injury or illness, have him or her rest in a comfortable position. Continue to watch for changes in the person's condition.

What should you do first, if you are the only person at the scene?

Most of the time, you will call first and then give care. But if you are alone, you may have to decide whether to call first or care first.

How would you treat a person showing signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion?

Move the person to a cooler environment with circulating air. Loosen or remove as much clothing as possible and apply cool, wet cloths to the person's skin or spray the person with cool water. Fanning the person may also help by increasing evaporative cooling. If the person is responsive and able to swallow, have the person drink a cool electrolyte- and carbohydrate-containing fluid (such as a commercial sports drink, coconut water or milk). Give water if none of these are available. Do not let the person drink too quickly. Encourage the person to rest in a comfortable position, and watch carefully for changes in his or her condition. Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number if the person's condition does not improve. The person should wait for several hours after he or she is no longer having signs and symptoms to resume activity.

xaplain one cycle of cpr for a child. Explain how to give proper compression on a child.

One cycle of CPR for a child consists of _30____ chest compressions and _2____ rescue breaths. Compressions are smooth and regular and compress straight down and about 100 compressions per minute.

one cycle of cpr for an infant?

One cycle of CPR for an infant consists of 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths.

What do you check for after 30 compressions on an unconscious choking infant?

Open the infant's mouth, look for the object and remove it if seen. Never put your finger inside the infant's mouth unless the object is actually seen.

Where do you place the AED pads on an adult?

Place one pad on the upper right side of the person's chest and the other pad on the lower left side of the person's chest below the armpit, pressing firmly to adhere.

What is the correct hand placement for CPR on an infant?

Place the pads of two fingers just below the nipples.

What is the cause of MOST pediatric cardiac arrests?

Preventable injuries are the causes of most pediatric cardiac arrests. Such as choking, drowning,trauma, and electrocution.

if an infant is unconscious and not breathing,what do they need?

They need CPR, you should do 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths.

What are signs of troubled breathing?

Signs of troubled breathing include noisy breathing, shortness of breath, or breathing faster than normal.

If a child gets a piece of candy stuck in his/her throat and begins to cough, what should you do?

Tell the child to continue coughing.

Explain what you should know about the "good Samaritan law".

The Good Samaritan Law protects people against claims of negligence when they give emergency care in good faith. They were developed to encourage people to help others in emergency situations. They assume a responder will do his or her best to save a life or prevent further injury. Good Samaritan laws require the responder to use common sense and a reasonable level of skill and to give only the type of emergency care for which he or she is trained. Good Samaritan laws usually protect responders who act the way a "reasonable and prudent person" would act if that person were in the same situation.

What is the best way to check for consciousness?

The best way to check for consciousness is to first shout, using the person's name if you know it. If there is no response, tap the person's shoulder or the bottom of the person's foot and shout again while checking for normal breathing. Check for responsiveness and breathing for no more than 5 to 10 seconds. If the person does not respond to you in any way and the person is not breathing or is only gasping, the person is unresponsive. If the person responds and is breathing normally, the person is responsive, but may not be fully awake. Give care according to the conditions that you find and your level of knowledge and training.

What is the first link in the pediatric cardiac chain of survival?

The first link is prevention.

List all of the links of the cardiac chain of survival. What role does CPR play in the Cardiac Chain of Survival?

The links for adult cardiac chain of survival are recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency medical services (EMS) system, early CPR, early defibrillation, early advanced life support, and integrated post-cardiac arrest care. Responders like us are initiating the Cardiac Chain of Survival. Which then moves to recognizing the cardiac arrest, calling 911 and starting CPR on the person.

When preparing to use an AED, what is the FIRST thing you should do?

To prepare using the AED, you should check the scene and turn it on.

If an infant is conscious and choking, how would you treat them? Where should you position the infant's head?

Turn the infant upside down, resting on your thigh, and supporting them with your forearm. When giving back blows, turn the baby's head towards yourself so you can hit their back. When giving chest thrusts, the baby's back should be against your leg.

List the signals that may lead you to believe a child is having a breathing emergency.

Unable to speak Agitation Blue or flushed skin Pale Coughing High pitched noises Crying Wheezing

List 5 basic guidelines you can follow to help reduce disease transmission.

Wear latex free disposable gloves CPR breathing barriers Face shield Masks Hand washing

12.How do you care for a person in shock?

When a person is in shock you have to lay the person down and elevate the legs and feet slightly, unless you think this may cause pain or further injury. Keep the person still and don't move him or her unless necessary. Begin CPR if the person shows no signs of life, such as not breathing, coughing or moving.

How long do you check for signs of life in a child?

You check every 2 minutes.

How long do you CHECK for signs of life on an unconscious adult?

You check for signs of life on an unconscious person for no more than 10 seconds.

How do you obtain consent before treating a child?

You first can check for responsiveness and tap and shout "are you ok?" Then, you can obtain consent from the parent or guardian if they are present. If they are unconscious, implied consent is considered so they can save the child. If the person does not consent, you should just call 911.

If you are alone and see a child collapse in cardiac arrest, what should be done first?

You should begin CPR.

What should you do if a conscious adult cannot cough, speak or breathe?

You should call 911. 5 back blows and 5 abdominal

How deep should you compress the chest for an infant?

You should compress about 1 ½ inches.

When giving CPR to a child, how deep should you compress the chest?

You should compress about 2 inches.

What should you do if a shock is NOT advised and there are still no signs of life?

You should continue immediately to begin CPR, starting with compressions. Continue giving CPR (about 2 minutes, or 5 sets of 30:2) until prompted by the AED and continue giving CPR and following the AED's prompts until you see an obvious sign of life or EMS personnel arrive.

If a conscious child has a completely blocked airway, what should you do?

You should give a combination of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts.

After you have determined that there are no signs of life, what should you do next?

You should place the person on his or her back on a firm, flat surface. Then, kneel beside the person and begin 30 chest compressions.

When giving chest compressions, on an adult, how far should you push down on the sternum?

You should push 2 inches down.

What should you do with a medication patch on the chest before applying pads?

You should remove them while gloves so you don't get any medicine on your skin.

When you CHECK a scene, what questions should you try to answer?Only move a person when...

You should try to answer these questions: Is the scene safe to enter? What happened? How many people are involved? What is your initial impression about the nature of the person's illness or injury? Is anyone else available to help? You must move the person to protect him or her from immediate danger (such as fire, flood or poisonous gas), to reach another person who may have a more serious injury or illness, or to give proper care.

How often should you stop CPR once you begin and check for signs of life?

You shouldn't stop until the person shows signs of consciousness and life.

Where do you tap an infant to check for consciousness?

You tap the bottom of the infant's foot.

When opening the airway of an unconscious child, what method do you use? Explain how you do it.

You use CPR. You do 30 chest compressions and give 2 breaths. Keep doing this until an AED arrives or emergency services come.

How do your senses help you recognize emergencies?

Your senses can help you recognize emergencies because you can hear a scream or cry for help, smell a noxious or unusual odor, see someone bleeding severely or lying motionless on the ground and see a slight change in a person's normal appearance or behavior, or an unusual silence.

If blood soaks through a dressing while using direct pressure, what should you do?

add more dressings dont take them off

If you suspect someone is having a severe allergic reaction, how would you treat the victim?

administer epinephrine injection or use antihistamine kit

If you suspect a person may have a concussion after being hit in the head, what should you do?

advise the person to stop the activity he or she was engaged in when the incident occurred. The person should follow up with a healthcare provider for a full evaluation.

Why is anaphylaxis a medical emergency?

bc it can stop breathing

If you suspect a person is suffering from a heart attack, what is the FIRST thing you should do?

call 911

What is the best thing to do to help a victim who is having a seizure?

dont hold the person down or try to stop the seizure. take steps to protect the person from injury such as moving furniture so they dont hit their head

When would a tourniquet be warranted?

for splinting

How would you treat someone with a muscle, joint or bone injury?

rest, immobilize, add cold, and elevate

Name 3 things that can cause a person to go into SHOCK?

severe bleeding, allergic reaction, and serious illness/injury

How would you treat a victim who burned their hand on a stovetop?

stop,cool, cover

Pediatric AED pads are used for children between what ages? and weigh less than? Where should you place the pediatric AED pads? What if they will touch?

the ages of _0_____ and _8____ and weighing less than ____55_____ pounds. You should place the pads one pad on the upper right chest and the other pad on the lower left side of the chest below the armpit. If the pads touch, one should go on the front and one on the back.

What are the signs and symptoms that indicate a person may be having a stroke?

■ Trouble with speech and language, including slurring of words, being unable to form words or being unable to understand what others are saying ■ Drooling or difficulty swallowing ■ Drooping of the features on one side of the face (for example, the eyelid and the corner of the mouth) ■ Trouble seeing in one or both eyes ■ Weakness ■ Paralysis or numbness of the face, arms or legs, especially on one side of the body ■ A sudden, severe headache ■ Dizziness or loss of balance ■ Confusion ■ Loss of consciousness