Crim Justice
The latin phrase habeas corpus translates to
"you have the body"
Which of the following statements best describes supermax prisons
A facility that provides the highest level of security possible- solitary confinement- using the latest correctional technology
Which of the following pieces of info is often included in a presentence investigation?
A personal history of the offender, often a victim impact statement, and a sentencing recommendation
Which of the following offenses would likely result on an inmate being placed in a supermax prison
High escape risks, gang affiliations, level of violence, antisocial, bad temper
During which part of the court process is the complaint formally read?
Arraignment
The process of determining which inmates go to which institutions and what they specific conditions of their confinement will be is referred to as
Classification
The role of a defense attorney includes all of the following
Conduct pretrial investigations, be present during some police questioning, bargain with the prosecution and the judge over bail amounts, engage in plea bargaining, determine defense strategy, argue about the sentence, and represent the defendant in appeals
Who has a right to a jury trial?
Criminal cases in which the defendant faces 6 months or more of incarceration
To appeal a conviction, the ___ files an appellate brief
Defendant or defendants lawyer
Who must determine that a plea bargain is voluntary?
Judges
____ is when judges use the courts to further their own personal or social agendas
Judicial activism
An especially heinous murder would be an example of a(n)
Making execution an appropriate penalty
Suppose Joe is incarcerated in a prison where there is a focus on treatment. The prison views inmates as sick and tries to cure their criminal behavior. Joe is most likely incarcerated in a(n)
Medical model
Which of the following statements best describes the cost of executing offenders
More expensive then paying the costs of imprisoning that person for life
The Auburn system differed from the Pennsylvania system in that inmates were
Once the Pennsylvania inmates were taken to their cells, they never, until the day there were being released, encountered another human being other than the official who brought them their food. They were completely isolated. In the Auburn prison system, prisoners congregated, in silence, during the day for work duty and meals.
What is the difference between a grand jury hearing and a preliminary hearing?
Preliminary hearings are a proceeding in which a judge determines whether probable cause exists to bring the defendant to trial for the crimes which he has been charged. Grand jury hearings are panels of citizens who may investigate certain crimes and determine whether sufficient evidence exists to bring a defendant to trial
If you have been charged with a crime and denied bail because a judge believes that you are a flight risk, you can be held in
Preventative detention
One of the early forms of punishment in England was to hold convicts in abandoned ships, called
Prison hulks
A punishment that involved no torture or corporal punishment for offenders and focused on reforming their behavior is based on ____ principles
Quaker
Judge Mills sees her neighbor is on trail for battery. Judge Mills must exercise ___ by turning the case over to another judge who can be impartial
Recusal
There are two goals of probation. One is to protect society and the other is
Rehabilitate the offender
Eventually, correctional philosophy shifted from punishment to __, characterized by changing individuals from offenders into law-abiding citizens
Rehabilitation
A punishment inflicted on a person who deserves to be punished achieves the goal of
Retribution
Violating probation conditions could result in
Revocation of probation
What are the two types of deterrence?
Specific and general
What has research found concerning Cali's three strike policy?
The policy does not effect crime rates to any greater degree than do other states more limited laws. Habitual offender laws are more often applied to racial and ethnic minorities and therefore increase sentencing disparity
Which of the following statements is concerning appellate courts?
They DO NOT decide on the facts of a particular case, and they DO NOT decide whether the defendant is guilty; they determine whether legal errors were made at the trial and, if so, whether those errors were important enough to invalidate the conviction. Therefore, courts of appeals provide direct oversight of trial judges
The purpose of bail is to
To ensure that defendants show up at trial
What was the purpose of the creation of a separate juvenile court system?
To focus on rehabilitation rather than punishment, and the court's primary interest was to be on the child rather than on the offense.
How many jurors are required to serve on a jury for a state felony criminal trial according to the US Supreme Court
six
Federal courts have jurisdiction over all of the following cases involving
a federal case must entail federal law or the US Constitution; or it must involve citizens of different states and at least 75,000 controversy; or the US gov must be prosecuting the case or involved as a party in the lawsuit
Bill has committed a felony and must report monthly to his probation officer. Tom, on the other hand, committed a misdemeanor and does not have to report monthly. He simply has to send a form in by mail each month notifying his probation officers of any changes in his address, employment or school. Bill is under ____ supervision
active
In adult criminal cases offenders are found guilty. In juvenile crime cases offenders are
adjudicated delinquent
All of the following are examples of hearsay evidence
any statement made by a witness that is not based on that witnesses personal knowledge
A criminal case typically begins with a(n)
arrest
After the supreme court ruled that the death penalty was unconstitutional, most states rewrote their death penalty statues to include a ____, where there was one phase of a trial to decide guilt or innocence and one phase of a trial to decide guilt or innocence and one phase of a trial to decide the punishment
bifurcated trial
The policy of parens patriae gives the ____ authority to make decisions about children
government
All of the following are possible pleas entered
guilty, not guilty, no contest
In general, research has found that intensive-supervision probation...
inconclusive
The idea that some children are too young to be criminally prosecuted is known as the
infancy defense
Jack is incarcerated in a prison. He has been there for the past 12 years and has over 30 years left on his sentence. Because Jack has been incarcerated for so long, it is likely that he will face great difficulty in integrating back into society. The difficulty of inmates in reintegrating is referred to as..
institutionalization
If you were accused of committing a crime and have not been released on bail prior to your trial, you are more likely being held in a
jail
John is fourteen years old. He is arrested for robbery. The prosecutor and probation officer recommend that he is tried as an adult. The juvenile judge decides that John should be dealt with by the adult criminal court jurisdiction. This is an example of...
judicial waver
A plea bargain must take place before...
jury delivers a verdict but usually before trial
Sometimes juries choose not to apply criminal laws when they feel doing so would be unjust
jury nullification
Juvenile courts are courts of ___ jurisdiction
limited
Which of the following does occur during a suspects booking?
photographed, fingerprinted, personal info recorded and crimes with which she is initially being charged
Upon entering prison, most inmates go through a process where they learn and adopt the values and norms of the prison. The process of learning there norms and values is called
prisonization
____ is the habitual relapse into criminal behavior
recidivism
Historically how were juvenile offenders treated
they were tried by the same courts that tried adults and were subject to the same sanctions, including incarceration and execution.
