Crim Quizzes

Which of the following is a short-term jail program that places offenders in quasi-military programs to instill discipline and work ethic? a. boot camps b. day reporting center c. electronic monitoring d. restitution centers

a. boot camps

What power does a judge have in a judicially determined sentencing structure? a. choosing the sanction b. scheduling an early release c. adjusting time served d. changing the sanction

a. choosing the sanction

The Kansas City Preventative Patrol Experiment found that the _______ a. deterrent effect of policing was not diminished by reduced patrols b. straightforward discussions of public attitudes help police-community relations c. use of police discretion was lower among officers with higher ranks d. average age of claim police officers was late 30's

a. deferent effect of policing was not diminished by reduced patrols

Which of the following refers to a pillar of procedural justice? a. fairness to all b. constitutional policing c. police legitimacy d. guardian mindset

a. fairness to all

Select all that apply: which benefits are part of being a judge? a. federal judges serve lifetime appointments b. being a judge warrants a high degree of respect and prestige c. judges' salaries are higher than those of lawyers in private practice d. judicial training schools and seminars are available to master and reinforce knowledge of the law

a. federal judges serve lifetime appointments b. being a judge warrants a high degree of respect and prestige d. judicial training schools and seminars are available to master and reinforce knowledge of the law

Select all that apply: Which of the following would be considered intermediate sanctions? a. home detention b. prison c. electronic monitoring d. probation

a. home detention c. electronic monitoring

What was the impact on prisoner's right following the 1871 case of Ruffin v. Commonwealth, which ruled that prisoners were "salves of the state"? a. inmates lost all citizenship rights, including the right to complain about living conditions b. inmates lost all citizenship rights but retained the right to complain about living conditions c. inmates regained all citizenship rights and were allowed to complain about living conditions d. inmates regained all citizenship rights but lost the ability to complain about living conditions

a. inmates lost all citizenship rights, including the right to complain about living conditions

Who makes the determination if there is sufficient evidence to prove an allegation against a juvenile? a. intake officer b. law enforcement c. judge d. parents

a. intake officer

What is the first stop for an appeal in the state courts? a. intermediate court of appeals b. district court c. state supreme court d. courts of limited jurisdiction

a. intermediate court of appeals

Which method of execution is commonly believed to be the most humane, in spite of several recent botched executions? a. lethal injection b. gas chamber c. firing squad d. electric chair

a. lethal injection

Which is an example of police brutality? a. officer grey yells racial slurs to wake up a sleeping homeless man b. officer grey shoots a suspect in the leg who is pointing a gun at her c. officer grey arrests a mentally ill women for shoplifting d. officer grey charges a college professor DUI

a. officer grey yells racial slurs to wake up a sleeping homeless man

Select all that apply: Which of the following are effects of long-term solitary confinement? a. paranoia b. anxiety c. calming effect d. improved mood

a. paranoia b. anxiety

At the point of arrest, who makes the decision on whether to send the matter to the juvenile justice system of to divert the case into an alternative program? a. police officer b. judge c. prosecutor d. defense attorney

a. police officer

Select all that apply: Which of the following are goals of aftercare and reentry for juvenile offenders? a. prepare for school b. recidivisms c. firearms training d. prepare for the workforce

a. prepare for school d. prepare for the workforce

The Luis v. United State (2016) case is important for establishing which guidelines regarding freezing of assets before trial? a. pretrial restraint of legitimate untrained assets was deemed unconstitutional b. pretrial restraint of assets was deemed constitutional for capital cases only c. pretrial restraint of assets was limited to a max of $500,000 d. pretrial restraint of all assets was deemed constitutional regardless of the nature of the charges

a. pretrial restraint of legitimate untrained assets was deemed unconstitutional

Who is the paid government employee whose sole function is to represent indigent defendants? a. public defender b. U.S. attorney c. prosecuting attorney d. assigned counsel

a. public defender

Feminist theorists Freda Adler and Rita Simon proposed that increase in economic opportunity for women in the 1970's would lead to an increase in the ______. a. rates of criminal behavior by women b. women becoming victims of crime c. overall rates of crime for both genders d. women becoming criminal justice professionals

a. rates of criminal behavior by women

One outcome of new generation/direct supervision jails is that they... a. reduce the trauma of incarceration b. increase sexual assaults c. increase tension in the unit d. reduce control exerted by correctional staff

a. reduce the trauma of incarceration

Which of the following is usually largest department in a prison? a. security b. kitchen c. intake d. education

a. security

Locating nearby sex offenders, checking the arrest history of an address, and tracking the location of police units are tasks officers can do in the field due to ______ a. smartphones b. instagram c. crime mapping d. facebook

a. smartphones

The _____ theory argues an increase in criminal activity that can be linked to the weakening of core social institutions, such as school, churches, and families, within a community that has high rates of poverty, diversity, and population turnover. a. social disorganization b. strain c. labeling d. development

a. social disorganization

The dual court system of the United States included which two court system? a. state and federal b. juvenile and adult c. civil and criminal d. federal and supreme

a. state and federal

How does the FBI categorize school shootings? a. terrorism b. guilty by insanity c. serial murder d. military action

a. terrorism

Which ethical test are you using if you ask yourself, "What is the long-term likely result?" a. test of foresight b. test of common sense c. test of one's best self d. test of hurting someone else

a. test of foresight

Select all that apply: which decisions do prosecutors have the authority and power to make at their sole discretion? a. the decision to charge b. types of charges c. whether to entertain plea agreements d. sentencing recommendations

a. the decision to charge b. types of charges c. whether to entertain plea agreements d. sentencing recommendations

The 4th Amendment protests against unreasonable searches and seizures, and any evidence obtained in violation of this protection must be excluded from use in a trail. This constitutional right is knows as _______ a. the exclusionary rule b. probable cause c. exigent circumstances d. stop and frisk

a. the exclusionary rule

What is an inmate contesting in a writ of habeas corpus? a. the legality of his or her confinement b. unacceptable prison conditions c. ineffective representation by appointed counsel d. cruel and unusual punishment

a. the legality of his or her confinement

Which two legal concepts relating to federal sentencing guidelines did the U.S. Supreme Court clarify in Gall v. United States (2007) and Kimbrough v. United States(2007)? a. "beyond a reasonable doubt" and "unreasonableness" b. "advisory" and "reasonableness" c. "mandatory" and "unreasonableness" d. "exceptional" and "mandatory"

b. "advisory" and "reasonableness"

Which type of physical evidence os typically considered to be the most reliable? a. computer code b. DNA c. blood spatters d. fingerprints

b. DNA

Which case would be automatically appealed? a. a sexual assault case b. a death penalty case c. a case in which the victim is a minor d. a case in which the offender is a minor

b. a death penalty case

Select all that apply: for which of the following area might a special-purpose state agency be formed? a. highway patrol b. agriculture c. criminal investigation d. alcohol

b. agriculture d. alcohol

Select all that apply: which of the following have been identified as norms of correctional work? a. express sympathy with inmates b. always support an officer in dispute with inmates c. never make another officer look bad in front of the inmates d. always go to the aid of an officer in distress

b. always support an officer in dispute with inmates c. never make another officer look bad in front of the inmates d. always go to the aid of an officer in distress

Leila has been found guilty of driving while intoxicated. What will community corrections likely offer to Leila? a. a reduction in overall sentence b. an alternative to incarceration c. the freedom to carry out other crimes in the community d. the opportunity to earn money while serving a sentence

b. an alternative to incarceration

Select all that apply: which scenario would be considered police brutality? a. an officer shoots a suspect who is pointing a firearm at him or her b. an officer uses profanity and racial slurs when interviewing a citizen c. an officer uses a control hold while attempting handcuff a suspect d. an officer uses a nightstick to beat a sleeping citizen unconscious

b. an officer uses profanity and racial slurs when interviewing a citizen d. an officer uses a nightstick to beat a sleeping citizen unconscious

Which type of correctional officer is tasked with supervising the daily activities and general well-being of inmates? a. yard officers b. cell block officers c. wardens d. tower guards

b. cell block officers

The two major, original schools of criminological thoughts are ____ and positivist. a. critical b. classical c. theoretical d. historical

b. classical

The _____ theory of justice assumes that laws are the result of efforts by powerful groups to protect their interests in a society where people have different beliefs. a. assembly b. conflict c. consensus d. control

b. conflict

Which position in early England determined a person's cause of death and the person responsible for the that death? a. justice of peace b. coroner c. constable d. sheriff

b. coroner

Which tasks are responding personnel trained to carry out first upon arriving at a crime scene? a. identify potential informants b. describe vehicles c. allow relatives of victims to enter the scene d. interrogate individuals

b. describe vehicles

Which legal concept allows criminal justice professionals to enforce the law based on observation and judgment rather than strict adherence to the letter of the law? a. adjudication b. discretion c. due process d. ethics

b. discretion

A person convicted of which crime is ineligible to carry a firearm? a. theft b. domestic violence c. drug possession d. fraud

b. domestic violence

______ refers to a set of rules or values that spell out appropriate conduct. a. character b. ethics c. law d. arraignment

b. ethics

Which type of prison features the highest staff to inmate ratios? a. low security b. high security c. medium security d. minimum security

b. high security

What doctrine describes when the state acts in place of the parent in cases of neglect or abuse? a. parens patriae b. in loco parentis c. idealistic contrast d. person in need of supervision

b. in loco parentis

What is the benefit of virtual visits to medical facilities for correctional inmates? a. it is a cost-effective way to deal with numerous inmate medical complaints b. it alleviates public safety concerns with physically transporting inmates to medial facilities c. it allows prisons to comply with requirements to provide medical serviced to inmates d. it eliminates the need for medical staff at the prison

b. it alleviates public safety concerns with physically transporting inmates to medial facilities

What are the two categories of affirmative defenses? a. acceptances and denials b. justifications and excuses c. acceptances and justifications d. excuses and denials

b. justifications and excuses

Which of the following is an example of substantive law? a. laws requiring police officers to obtain search warrants b. laws that define and prohibit murder c. laws outlining how jurors are chosen d. laws defining legal jurisdiction

b. laws that define and prohibit murder

All of the following factors enter into whether an officer will be stern or lenient in his or her approach except the _____ a. officer's attitude b. location c. citizen's attitude d. law

b. location

Environmental criminal theory assumes that _____ is the root cause of crime. a. social conflict b. opportunity c. morality d. biology

b. opportunity

Which term describes the unnecessary use of force by police against citizens? a. lethal force b. police brutality c. procedural justice d. warrior culture

b. police brutality

What is the leading alternative to incarceration? a. house arrest b. probation c. electronic monitoring d. halfway house

b. probation

What is considered the most important goal of the juvenile justice system? a. informal outcomes b. separation from adult offenders c. restorative justice d. confidentiality

b. separation from adult offenders

Select all that apply: which of the following are major social structure theories of criminology? a. learning theory b. strain theory c. social disorganization theory d. trait theory

b. strain theory c. social disorganization theory

Which type of probation violation occurs when a probationer commits a new criminal offense? a. technical b. substantive c. mandate d. suspension

b. substantive

Unless there are exigent circumstances, and officer must _____ in order to obtain an arrest warrant. a. submit a request b. swear an affidavit c. file an arrest report d. prepare an indictment

b. swear an affidavit

Which of the following reflects the mission of correctional agencies? a. to securely house convicted offenders away from the community b. to protect citizens from crime by managing offender and providing rehabilitative opportunities c. to treat offenders with dignity and respect d. to empower offenders to reach their highest potential

b. to protect citizens from crime by managing offender and providing rehabilitative opportunities

Select all that apply: Which strategies are new trends used by law enforcement in relation to people addicted to drugs? a. harsher sentences for drug offenders b. treatment rather than jail c. problem-solving drug courts d. solitary confinement

b. treatment rather than jail c. problem-solving drug courts

The first probation statute was passed in Massachusetts in what year? a. 1648 b. 1798 c. 1878 d. 1953

c. 1878

The Supreme Court is usually made up of ____ justices. a. 5 b. 7 c. 9 d. 12

c. 9

Which set of guidelines outlines appropriate behavior judges should exhibit and demand of others in the courtroom? a. Ethical Code of the Judicial Branch b. Code of Judicial Ethics c. Model Code of Judicial Conduct d. Federal Statutes for Judicial Conduct

c. Model Code of Judicial Conduct

Police officers are permitted to use force - up to and including lethal force - with the expectation that they will use it only ______ a. against people they believe have committed crimes b. to maintain law and order c. as a last resort d. when a suspect will not cooperate

c. as a last resort

Which crime is most closely associated with contemporary urban violence in the United State? a. burglary b. armed robbery c. carjacking d. arson

c. carjacking

In which defense excuse may defendants claim that the police induced them to commit a crime they would otherwise not have attempted? a. double jeopardy b. right-wrong test c. entrapment d. intoxication

c. entrapment

Select all that apply: which of the following are functions of the Department of Homeland Security? a. represent the government in legal suits b. protest the U.S. against weapons of mass destruction c. facilitate the flow of migration in and out of the U.S. d. fund technology that thwarts chemical weapons

c. facilitate the flow of migration in and out of the U.S. d. fund technology that thwarts chemical weapons

Women commit _____ crimes compared with their male counterparts. a. far more b. slightly fewer c. far fewer d. slightly more

c. far fewer

The division of power between national government and local governments is referred to as _____ a. the Code of Hammurabi b. common law c. federalism d. lex talionis

c. federalism

The two sides of criminal law are ______ a. private and public b. guilty and not guilty c. formality and reality d. departmental and discretionary

c. formality and reality

Which term refers to the informal payments (such as a free coffee or half-priced meals) that police officers may receive in course of doing their jobs? a. freebies b. police corruption c. gratuities d. relative ethics

c. gratuities

Which development spurred the creation of federal sentencing guidelines? a. the steady increase of death sentences b. the rise in white-collar crimes c. growing discontent with indeterminate sentences d. an increase in crime within prison systems

c. growing discontent with indeterminate sentences

Which of the following is a feature of a prison? a. it is a short-term holding facility for unsentenced offenders b. the majority of convicted misdemeanants serve their sentences there c. it is a long-term holding facility for sentenced offenders d. sentences are generally a duration of 1 year or less

c. it is a long term holding facility for sentenced offenders

Which position in early England had the ability to bail people out of jail? a. constable b. coroner c. justice of peace d. sheriff

c. justice of peace

What was the major ruling the U.S. Supreme Court case of Kent v. U.S. (1966)? a. juveniles have a right to trial by a jury b. juveniles have a right to remain silent c. juveniles have a right to an attorney d. juveniles have a right against self-incrimination

c. juveniles have a right to an attorney

In which procedure do police ask suspects to submit to a viewing by witnesses to identify the guilty party? a. interrogation b. arraignment c. lineup d. affidavit

c. lineup

What did the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 do to help combat sexual assault in prisons? a. established mandatory sentencing for inmate-on-inmate sexual assault b. set a curfew between 6pm and midnight - the time when inmates are at greatest risk for sexual assault c. mandated a new national data collection effort concerning the incidence and prevalence of sexual assault in correctional facilities d. placed sexual assault perpetrators in solitary confinement to prevent repeat offenses

c. mandated a new national data collection effort concerning the incidence and prevalence of sexual assault in correctional facilities

When a police officer's conduct creates a danger to others by not following appropriate steps to avoid exposing others to risk of harm, the officer may be subject to a(n) _____ tort. a. constitutional b. intentional c. negligence d. malicious

c. negligence

Prosecutors and defense attorneys use which of the following to dismiss a potential juror during the jury selection process without explanation? a. disqualifiers b. random challenges c. preemptory challenges d. for cause challenges

c. preemptory challenges

The mechanisms for processing criminal cases are established by ______ a. actus reus b. mens rea c. procedural law d. statues

c. procedural law

If a judge believes that there is probable cause that a person possesses evidence of a crime at a particular location, they will issue a(n) _______ a. affidavit b. arrest warrant c. search warrant d. exigent circumstance

c. search warrant

Which ethical test are you using if you ask yourself, "Will this cause pain for another person?" a. test of foresight b. test of one's best self c. test of hurting someone else d. test of common sense

c. test of hurting someone else

Which of the following would be considered an aggravating circumstance? a. the offender was under extreme emotional disturbance b. the offender had no prior criminal history c. the offender committed other felonies d. the offender is suffering from mental illness

c. the offender committed other felonies

The notion that students who are expelled from school for disruptive behavior are simply returning to the homes and neighborhoods of negative influence where their problems began, causing them to become stigmatized and more often engaged in criminality, is called _____ a. the Hawthorne effect b. education apathy c. the school-to-prison pipeline d. mass incarceration

c. the school-to-prison pipeline

Which key U.S. Supreme Court ruling struck down the death penalty under cruel and unusual punishment clause of the Eight Amendment? a. Payne v. Tennessee b. Tennessee v. Garner c. Smith v. Indiana d. Furman v. Georgia

d. Furman v. Georgia

Which piece of legislation added severe punishment to traffickers and provided victims with protection and resources? a. Hate Crimes Prevention Act b. Posse Comitatus Act c. USA Patriot Act d. Trafficking Victims Protection Act

d. Trafficking Victims Protection Act

Which of the following provides protection to employees who report illegal or unethical practices at their place of employment? a. Code of Silence b. Enforcement Ethics Act c. Moral Code of Conduct d. Whistleblower Protection Act

d. Whistleblower Protection Act

Which innovation is associated with August Vollmer? a. social work b. assigned police beats c. civil service systems d. alert systems

d. alert systems

Which type of evidence is prohibited from use in a trial under the exclusionary rule? a. any prosecution evidence not charged with the defense b. any evidence anonymously submitted to the police c. any information that invades a citizens privacy d. any illegally obtained evidence

d. any legally obtained evidence

The first formal step in the criminal justice process for most offenders is when police take a suspect into custody for the purpose of charging that person with a crime, which is known as an... a. accusation b. adjudication c. arraignment d. arrest

d. arrest

What is the burden of proof in a criminal case? a. preponderance of the evidence b. clear and convincing evidence c. without a shadow of doubt d. beyond a reasonable doubt

d. beyond a reasonable doubt

Which term applies to the intermediate court of appeals that sits between U.S. district courts and the U.S. Supreme Court? a. state supreme court b. court of last resort c. municipal court d. circuit court

d. circuit court

Herbert Packer described the two competing models of the criminal justice process in terms of two competing value system: a. protection and obedience b. deviance and liberty c. consensus and conflict d. crime control and due process

d. crime control and due process

Routine activity theory can be represented by which of the following? a. crime rate formula b. Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR) c. hierarchy rule d. crime triangle

d. crime triangle

Estelle v. Gamble (1976) is to ______ as Wolff v. McDonnell (1974) is to _____. a. the hands-off doctrine; slaves of the state b. the "iron curtain" speech; deliberate indifference c. slaves of the state; the hands-off doctrine d. deliberate indifference; the "iron curtain" speech

d. deliberate indifference; the "iron curtain" speech

Examining one's duty to act, rather than the consequences of one's actions, is an area of study for ____ ethics. a. absolute b. relative c. utilitarian d. deontological

d. deontological

What is the focus of criminalistics? a. understanding the minds of criminals b. explaining the causes of crime c. deterring violent offenders d. examining physical evidence related to crime

d. examine physical evidence related to crime

A situation in which one commits an unethical act for the greater good -- for example, when a police officer bends the rules to that would otherwise require them to capture a serious offender -- is known as ________ a. excessive force b. deontology c. absolute ethics d. noble cause corruption

d. noble cause corruption

What is the reason that many agencies urge their police officers to use their police radio instead of their smartphones when possible? a. cost b. image c. ease of use d. privacy

d. privacy

Which of the following described a correctional institution in which publicly owned prison facilities are operated by a private company? a. state prison b. managed prison c. superman prison d. private prison

d. private prison

What has the state of Pennsylvania implemented to deal with inmates drugs use, leading to an impressive reduction in drug use and associated problems? a. using solitary confinement for inmates caught in possession of drugs b. mandating substance abuse treatment for those who test positive for drugs c, prosecuting inmates who test positive for drugs d. prosecuting inmates caught in possession of drugs

d. prosecuting inmates caught in possession of drugs

The first private policing company specialized in which industry? a. banking security b. locksmith services c. armored-car services d. railway security

d. railway security

Which goal of punishment aims to transform criminals into law-abiding citizens? a. deterrence b. incapacitation c. retribution d. rehabilitation

d. rehabilitation

The perception that crime affects the community as a whole and that the community must be healed and made whole again through an offender's remorse, service, and restitution is known as _____. a. reintegrative shaming b. community justice c. community participation d. restorative justice

d. restorative justice

Which crime is a combination of theft and assault? a. rape b. burglary c. involuntary manslaughter d. robbery

d. robbery

Who has the burden of proof when a defendant asserts an affirmative defense for engaging in criminal conduct? a. the jury b. the guardian ad litem c. the prosecutor d. the defense

d. the defense

Which factor determines the difference between interrogations and interviews? a. who is conducting the questioning b. who is being questioned c. the length of questioning d. the type of questions

d. the type of questions

True / False: A judge is immune to sanction.

False

True / False: A majority of offenders released from prison do not recidivate.

False

True / False: A police officer can add to the probable cause used to make an arrest if he or she gains more facts after the time of the arrest.

False

True / False: A small fraction of persons under corrections supervision in the U.S. are on probation or parole, while the majority are incarcerated in U.S. state or federal prisons.

False

True / False: All 50 states follow the same standard judicial selection process for state courts.

False

True / False: Body scanners, also known as metal detectors, are becoming obsolete due to budget concerns.

False

True / False: Federal law limits the length of time an inmates can spend in solitary confinement to 3 consecutive weeks.

False

True / False: Federal statutes are considered to be the "supreme law of the land."

False

True / False: In a trial, the defense makes its opening statement first, followed by the prosecution.

False

True / False: Jurisdiction is best defined as the geographic location of a court case.

False

True / False: Law Enforcement needs a warrant to access persons smartphone to see when it was used and when messages were sent.

False

True / False: Modern justices of the peace in the U.S. and England are both able to grant bail to felons.

False

True / False: Police, courts, and correction agencies will lose money with the legalization of marijuana.

False

True / False: Program evaluations have shown that one type of rehabilitation process, collaboration, for juveniles is best to prevent recidivism.

False

True / False: States have enacted "three strikes" laws intended to remove the worst felons from society by putting them to death after they receive a conviction for their third felony.

False

True / False: Supermax prisons have more vocational training programs than high-security prisons.

False

True / False: The "father of probation," John Augustus, was a prominent judge in 19th century Massachusetts who used his substantial wealth to bail out and supervise more than 1,000 men and women as a volunteer probation officer.

False

True / False: The "right-wrong" test of legal insanity is the standard in most states for defendants who plan on asserting a justification defense.

False

True / False: The Supreme Court has stated that prison mail censorship may be used freely to censor opinions expressed in mail to and from inmates.

False

True / False: The United States has an abundance of staff and resources to review and receive the applications of displaced persons seeking asylum.

False

True / False: The court has rules that warrants are not required for any form of electronic surveillance because there is no reasonable expectation of privacy with electronic communication.

False

True / False: U.S. district court judges are nominated by the governors of their respective states.

False

True / False: "Should Police officers receive free coffee from restaurants?" is an ethical question for criminal justice professionals.

True

True / False: A suspect who does not respond to questions is not automatically invoking his or her rights under Miranda by remaining silent; the suspect must specifically say he or she is choosing to main silent.

True

True / False: According to the Model Code of Judicial Ethics, a judge who appears to be doing something wrong can be as bad as a judge who is doing something wrong.

True

True / False: Acts that are not intentional are not punished as severely as acts that are intentional.

True

True / False: Affirmative defenses involve a defendant arguing that the act occurred without mens rea.

True

True / False: Contract services is a term that describes outside firms or individuals hired by a company to provide security services for a fee.

True

True / False: In a civil case, the burden of proof in the party seeking damages is less than in a criminal matter.

True

True / False: In the case Luis v. United State, the Supreme Court ruled that the defendants right to hire an attorney using her own money was violated because the courts froze all of her assets prior to trial.

True

True / False: Most states have juvenile courts that follow the principle of least involvement with the system, which assumes that the state should not interfere in a family situation unless it is necessary for protection of the minor or society.

True

True / False: Parole board members typically take into account the needs of and dangers to victims of crime when making parole determinations.

True

True / False: Since 2004, eight states have abolished the death penalty in response to exonerations of wrongly convicted prisoners on death row and other issues with capital punishment.

True

True / False: Social conflict theorists have linked capitalism to high crime rates.

True

True / False: The U.S. Department of Justice assists communities in fighting sex trafficking with a Diagnostic Center that provides data-driven strategies for solutions and crackdowns.

True

True / False: The U.S. criminal justice system affects how the country interacts with others on an international scale.

True

True / False: The due process model of criminal justice presumes that criminals defendants are innocent and that the courts' first priority is protecting the constitutional rights of the accused.

True

Where are most trafficking victims in the United States from? a. Asia b. Western Europe c. Australia d. Puerto Rico

a. Asia

All of the following agencies are organized within the Department of Homeland Security except _____ a. Federal Bureau of Investigation b. Customs and Border Protection c. Coast Guard d. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

a. Federal Bureau of Investigation

Which legislation established a military commission that puts on trial unlawful enemy combatants and has the authority to impose the death penalty? a. Military Commissions Act b. USA Patriot Act c. Snowden Act d. Omnibus Counterterrorism Act

a. Military Commissions Act

Select all that apply ~ which of the following describes a felony? a. a serious criminal offense b. a less serious criminal offense c. typically punishable with a sentence of more than a year in prison or death d. typically punishable with a sentence of less than a year in prison or a fine

a. a serious criminal offense c. typically punishable with a sentence of more than a year in prison

At which pretrial stage is a defendant asked to enter a formal plea of "guilty or "not guilty?" a. arraignment b. indictment c. initial appearance d. plea negotiation

a. arraignment

What happens at a preliminary hearing? a. a judge determines whether probable cause is sufficient against the accused to proceed to trial b. a judge determines whether to grant bail for the defendant based on a variety of factors c. a judge gives the defendant formal notice of the charges brought against him or her d. a judge advises the accused of his or her legal rights, indulging the right to a government-provided attorney

a. a judge determines whether probable cause is sufficient against the accused to proceed to trial

Select all that apply: which principles belong to the classical school of criminology? a. the punishment should fit the crime rather than the offender b. science can be used to discover the true causes of crime and to treat offenders c. human behavior is controlled by physical, mental, and social factors, not by free will d. criminal behavior is rational, and most people have the potential to engage in such behavior

a. the punishment should fit the crime rather than the offender d. criminal behavior is rational, and most people have the potential to engage in such behavior

Select all that apply: which statements apply to women police officers, based on research of the National Center for Women and Policing? a. they are less likely than male office to use excessive force b. they implement community-oriented poling and problem solving c. they are as competent as their male counterparts d. they tend to use a more authoritarian style

a. they are less likely than male officers to use excessive force b. they implement community-oriented poling and problem solving c. they are as competent as their male counterparts

Select all that apply: Which of the following is true of prison gangs? a. they are responsible for over half of all prison problems b. they are structured along racial or ethnic lines c. they reduce inmate violence by introducing order and discipline d. they demonstrate respect toward all authority

a. they are responsible for over half of all prison problems b. they are structured along racial or ethnic lines

Which of the following is the primary duty of an ethical prosecuting attorney? a. to see that justice is served b. to avoid the appearance of impropriety c. to win a majority of criminal cases d. to ensure violent criminals are punished to the extent of the law

a. to see that justice is served

Select all that apply: Which of the following are examples of status offenses? a. truancy b. prostitution c. buying alcohol underage d. shoplifting

a. truancy c. buying alcohol underage

Which country accounts for the majority of the illegal immigrant population in the United States? a. Canada b. Mexico c. El Salvador d. Brazil

b. Mexico

What system was established to provide a consistent nationwide approach for cooperation among federal, state, and local governments to prepare for, prevent, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents? a. NIBRS b. NIMS c. SET d. UAV

b. NIMS

The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) introduced a shorter version of the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics (LECE) called the Law Enforcement _____ to make it easier for officers to recall and apply on the job. a. Code of Silence b. Oath of Honor c Model Code d. Noble Cause

b. Oath of Honor

Which Supreme Court case upheld the use of victim impact statement? a. Tennessee v. Garner b. Payne v. Tennessee c. Smith v. Indiana d. Payne v. South Dakota

b. Payne v. Tennessee

The ____ policing style, identified by James Q. Wilson, involved the officer acting as a "neighbor" and focusing on order maintenance rather than law enforcement. a. legalistic b. community c. watchman d. service

c. watchman

Which type of correctional officer is tasked with looking after inmates working in various positions within the prison? a. yard officer b. cell block officers c. work detail supervisors d. tower guards

c. work detail supervisors

Approximately what percentage of police agencies require some form of college degree for hiring new officers? a. 100% b. 75% c. 45% d. 15%

d. 15%

Many individuals enter police work expecting it be as exciting as it seems in the movies, and they may be surprised to discover that only about _____% of the police officer's day is devoted to fighting crime. a. 35 b. 50 c. 5 d. 20

d. 20