Crime in America Ch 4

Somatotyping

Sheldon is a high school sophomore with an athletic build, large bones, and considerable muscle mass. According to which biological theory is Sheldon, and others of similar appearance, most likely to engage in delinquent behavior?

Konrad Lorenz

Similar to Charles Darwin, ________ proposed that aggression can be found in the animal kingdom and is inherent in human beings.

Phrenology

The belief that the shape of the human skull was indicative of the individual's personality and could be used to predict criminality is key to the field of ________.

$17 Billion

The crimes the NCVS covers (e. g. , robbery, rape, burglary) cost victims an estimated ____ in direct costs in 2008.

Sociobiology

The idea that the primary determinant of behavior, including criminal behavior, is needed to ensure the survival and continuity of genetic material from one generation to the next, is reflected in the ideas of which discipline?

false

There are few studies done on the homeless find very low rates of victimization.

False

Very few women experience intimate violence from husbands and boyfriends.

False

Victimization rates are highest in rural areas.

African-American men are most likely to be homicide victims.

Which of the following accurately reflects findings involving race, gender and age, and victimization?

Spending time outside the home at places such as bars and nightclubs

Which of the following activities would a lifestyle theorist suggest contributes to victimhood?

Urban

Which of the following areas have the highest victimization rates?

It refers to any rape or sexual assault, or aggravated or simple assault committed by someone such as a spouse or partner.

Which of the following best describes intimate partner violence (IPV)?

A time when religious views began to give way to scientific explanations

Which of the following best reflects the Age of Reason, or the Enlightenment?

Some people increase their chances of becoming victims by committing crime themselves.

Which of the following best reflects the idea behind deviant lifestyles and victimization?

Robbery

Which of the following crimes is the most interracial?

Early Puberty

Which of the following has been pinpointed as a risk factor for adolescent victimization?

Low self control

Which of the following individual traits may lead some people to engage in risky behavior?

Genetic mutations are almost always the cause of violent behavior among criminals.

Which of the following is NOT a major principle of most biological theories?

Auto Theft

Which of the following is most likely to occur at night (6:00p.m. -6:00a.m. )?

Absence of lifestyle changes

Which of the following is not a key component of routine activities theory?

No universally accepted definition of crime victim exists.

Which of the following is true regarding victimization?

A white male robs a white male.

Which of the following reflects how most crime is intraracial?

African Americans

While they make up 13 percent of the population, _____ account for 42 percent of all single person robberies.

be attacked by someone they know than a stranger.

Women are 2. 7 times more likely to:

True

Women who are victims of rape often suffer additional psychological effects, including mild depression and loss of self-esteem.

true

Younger people have higher victimization rates than older people.

True

65% of all motor vehicle thefts occur at night.

False

According to NCVS, most sexual assaults (75%) are committed by strangers.

Portugal

According to the ICVS, which of the following countries had the lowest victimization rate?

False

According to the NCVS, female college student are more likely to be victims than male students.

Women

Almost all rape victimization reported in the NCVS involves _____.

thin and fragile; long, slender, and poorly muscled

An ectomorphs body is one that is ________.

False

Assaults in and outside bars are common because of the use of prescription drugs.

true

During the Age of Reason, science began to weaken religions influence.

arbitrary

During the Enlightenment period, because laws were vague and different judges handed out different sentences, justice could be described as _____.

Violent or disruptive behavior

Eating habits, genetic inheritance, and vitamin deficiencies have been linked to ________.

False

Few individuals are victims of crime more than once.

Income

For property crime, ____ is related to victimization.

True

High-crime locations are called hot-spots.

Western

Households in which region are most likely to be victims of property crimes?

Five times

How many times more likely are African-Americans to be victims of homicides than Whites?

All of the above

In which of the following ways might someone be victimized?

false

It has been definitively proven that abortion reduces crime.

False

Self-reports accumulate data by asking individual police officers to report crime.

Native Americans; Asians

Looking at race and ethnicity, violent crime is highest for _____ and lowest for _____.

aggressive behavior

Men with an extra "Y" chromosome, referred to as the XYY "Supermale", ________.

are over-represented in prisons and mental hospitals

Men with an extra "Y" chromosome, referred to as the XYY "Supermale", ________.

True

Most crime is intraracial.

False

Most victims who have money or property stolen from them will recover it.

60

NCVS findings indicate that violent crime victims try to stop the event ____ percent of the time.

Theft

Of the following, which type of crime is one most likely to be a victim of?

reduces the mind's ability to judge long-term consequences of behavior

Research shows that hypoglycemia ________.