Criminal Justice 2nd Test
Which of the following best describes the relationship of police to minorities? a.Peaceful b.Difficult c.Friendly d.Cooperative
B difficult
Which of the following is true regarding the changing profile of a police officer? a.Most police officers are either women or a racial or ethnic minority b.The percentage of female officers has doubled since the 1970s, but females still comprise only about 12% of all officers. c.The percentage of female officers has not changed since the 1970s. d.Today almost 1 in 3 officers is female.
B. the percentage of female officers has doubled since.....
The historical period of policing known as the political era occurred between a.1920 and 1970. b.1820 and 1840. c.1840 and 1920. d.1790 and 1820.
C 1840 1920
In London, police commissioners named after Sir Robert Peel were called a.bobbies. b.berts. c.peelers. d.robbers.
a
The recognition that the control of crime cannot rest solely with the police illustrates the idea of a.community crime prevention. b.the increased role of victims in crime prevention. c.negative attitudes toward police. d.police abuse of power.
community crime prevention
Police rarely perceive the public as hostile. True False
false
Police officers have considerable discretion. True False
t
Police officers today have more formal education than their predecessors. True False
true
The watchman style of policing stresses order maintenance. T or F
true
Cooperation since 9/11 among the federal policing agencies has made progress in the sharing of intelligence. T or F
T
Increasing the number of patrol officers does not have much effect on the crime rate. T o F
T
Police officers are expected to obey rules and respect superiors. True False
T
During the professional policing era, the Progressives were mainly upper-middle-class educated Americans. T or F
True
The nature of police work can make officers very suspicious of citizens whom they encounter. T or F
True
Throughout the United States, police are characterized by a.fragmentation and a national orientation. b.consolidation and a local orientation. c.fragmentation and a local orientation. d.consolidation and a national orientation
fragmentation and a local orientation
In 1285 in England, what was the system of policing called? a.Metropolitan Police Act b.Progressives c.Parish-constable watch system d.Fielding Amendment
parish-constable watch system
Which of the following is not a characteristic that applies to the job of a law enforcement officer? a.Pay scales are high.* b.Physical fitness standards must be met. c.Training is required. d.Recruits must lack a criminal record.
pay scales are high
Even today, research indicates that women may be subject to more sexual harassment as police officers than their male counterparts. T or F
true
Police departments have not responded adequately in addressing the issue of stress. True False
true
Which is true regarding the measurement of positive police productivity? a.The clearance rate and crime rate do not give an accurate picture. b.The clearance rate and crime rate together provide an accurate picture. c.The clearance rate is the most effective measure. d.The crime rate is the most effective measure.
A the clearance rate and crime rate do not give an accurate pic.
Andrica is the chief of police for a mid-size department. She has recently reviewed the data on how to serve the community better, including preventing crime and responding to calls. Andrica would like to incorporate additional strategies to improve all issues, but wants to make sure she has officer buy-in for any new methods. Andrica's department gets many social service calls, and officers spend a great deal of time on service-related calls. Andrica would like to develop this type of community-based crime prevention. This is known as __________ policing. a.reactive b.community c.incident-driven d.evidence-based
Incident-driven
According to public opinion polls, which police function is most important in the minds of citizens? a.Order maintenance b.Service c.Law enforcement d.Departmental
Law enforcement
Kasey is a FBI agent and has worked in the department for 6 years. Prior to her tenure with the FBI, she worked for her local city police department for 4 years. She plans to retire from the FBI within 20 years. Kasey has had the opportunity to work in various capacities while working for the FBI, such as fighting terrorism and violent crime. Kasey worked for her local city police department before becoming an FBI agent. While working for the city police department, Kasey worked for which type of law enforcement agency? a.Municipal b.Federal c.County d.State
Municpal
Police rules and regulations are typically found in a police manual. T or F
T
The educational level of new police recruits is a factor that influences who applies to be a law enforcement officer. True False
T
The most likely victims of domestic violence are younger women from low-income families. T or F
T
One bureaucratic element which distinguishes police organizations is the chain of command. T or F
T
Which of the following is true of the women in the police force? a.The smaller the police department, the higher the proportion of women as sworn officers. b.Women have been serving as police officers since the early 1800s. c.Women remain a minority in most police departments, and face a variety of challenges. d.Women face little to no prejudice today in police work.
Women remain a minority in most police departments and face a variety of challenges
Which is not an operational unit in a police department? a.Investigation b.Traffic c.Patrol d.Court
court
Alan has always wanted to become a law enforcement officer. He has recently applied to his local sheriff's department. He holds a bachelor's degree from a state university and speaks Spanish as a second language. If hired, he will participate in a 16-week basic law enforcement course before he goes into the field. Based upon Alan's education level, which of the following would not be an area where we he would be more successful than a lesser less-educated law enforcement officer? a.Higher arrest rates b.Less citizen complaints c.Less improper use of force d.Report writing
higher arrest rates
When calls for service are the main instigators of police action, this is called ________ policing. a.incident-driven b.proactive c.preventive d.clearance-rate
incident driven
Detectives usually are employed to deliver which police function? a.Research b.Investigate c.Apprehension d.Media relations
investigate
Which police unit identifies, apprehends, and collects evidence against lawbreakers? a.Traffic b.Juvenile c.Administrative d.Investigation
investigation
Which of James Q. Wilson's styles of policing is marked by professionalism and emphasis on law enforcement? a.Service b.Legalistic c.Suburban d.Watchman
legalistic
________ is a vice offense. a.Assault b.Prostitution c.Traffic violation d.Arson
prostituition
________ policing may lead to a greater willingness of residents of minority neighborhoods to report crimes and assist investigations. a.Same-race b.Same-sex c.None of the above d.Different-race
same race
When a group shares symbols, beliefs, and attitudes, this is referred to as a.a suboccupation. b.subprofessionals. c.a subculture. d.a subcommunity.
subculture
It is widely accepted that the strategies used by modern police can reduce crime. True False
t
Native American tribes are separate, sovereign nations with a significant degree of legal autonomy within the United States. True False
t
Which historical era was influenced by the Progressives? a.The political era b.The reform era c.The professional era d.The community policing era
the professional era
Budget cuts had a negative impact on evidence-based policing. True False
true
Many police actions fall under the ______ Amendment. a.Eighth b.First c.Third d.Fourth
4th
Research conducted on large police departments found that a key factor in solving crimes was a.identification of the perpetrator by the victim or the witnesses. b.the size of the police force. c.the police arriving at the scene of the crime in less than a minute. d.the intelligence of the police officers.
A. identification of the perpetrator by the victim or the witnesses
Which of the following is true about the use of discretion by a police officer? a.The more serious a crime is to the public, the more freedom officers have to ignore it. b.A suspect who is very hostile is less likely to be arrested by an officer. c.The closer the relationship between the alleged criminal and the victim, the more variable the use of discretion. d.Policies of the police always promote the use of more discretion.
C
Kasey is a FBI agent and has worked in the department for 6 years. Prior to her tenure with the FBI, she worked for her local city police department for 4 years. She plans to retire from the FBI within 20 years. Kasey has had the opportunity to work in various capacities while working for the FBI, such as fighting terrorism and violent crime. Kasey is employed by the FBI; therefore she works for what type of law enforcement agency? a.Municipal b.County c.Federal d.State
C Federal
Adrian has worked for two different municipal police department in the course of his career due to a career move his wife made, which forced Adrian to move to a new state. Adrian worked for the first department for 10 years. He enjoyed his position very much. He felt very comfortable with his sergeant all they way up to the chief. They ran a very professional department and executed many arrests for misdemeanors and traffic violations. When Adrian switched to the department in his new state, he noticed a very different style of policing. He was working in a nice suburban area, which required him to answer calls that, he felt, were more social-service-type calls. This new department forced him to develop a new style of policing. Adrian witnessed the department's acquisition of military vehicles and equipment while at the police department. Which historical era was/is characterized by this activity? a.The reform era b.The community policing era c.The homeland security era d.The professional era
C. the homeland security era
Which two elements of police work define the working personality? a.Authority and isolation b.Danger and isolation c.Danger and independence d.Danger and authority
Danger and Authority
Before the 1970s, police departments treated domestic violence as a serious criminal matter. T or F
F
Abusive husbands who are arrested and briefly jailed are more likely to commit acts of domestic violence again. T or False
False
The community policing model argues that it is easy to improve the percentage of crimes solved. True or False
False
Which of the following is not a requirement of a must recruits must s pass to become a police officer? a.Psychological tests b.IQ test c.Background check d.Fitness test
IQ tes
The _________ raised questions about whether and how police patrol impacts crime and crime rates. Thus police departments have tried various means to use patrol in order to provide service, maintain order, and achieve improvements in crime prevention and crime control. a.Charlotte experiment b.Kansas City experiment* c.Oakland experiment d.New York City experiment
Kansas City experiment
Detective Smith must inform the suspect of his right to have an attorney present during the interrogation. The U.S. Supreme Court guaranteed this right in which ruling? a.Miranda v. Arizona b.Mapp v. Ohio c.Michigan v. Long d.Wren v. United States
Miranda vs Arizono
When a force employs police officers from all demographic groups, the police gain legitimacy because they are seen as reflecting the interests of all people, and there may be reductions in race-based disparities affecting who is stopped, searched, or arrested. T or F
T
Currently, about one in five officers is a racial or ethnic minority group member. T or False
True
In Nix v. Williams (1984), the U.S. Supreme Court established the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule. T or F
True
New York City created the Commission to Combat Police Corruption that is an entity separate from the department that investigates corruption. T or F
True
Adrian has worked for two different municipal police department in the course of his career due to a career move his wife made, which forced Adrian to move to a new state. Adrian worked for the first department for 10 years. He enjoyed his position very much. He felt very comfortable with his sergeant all they way up to the chief. They ran a very professional department and executed many arrests for misdemeanors and traffic violations. When Adrian switched to the department in his new state, he noticed a very different style of policing. He was working in a nice suburban area, which required him to answer calls that, he felt, were more social-service-type calls. This new department forced him to develop a new style of policing. The first department that Adrian worked for required him to work for arrests and uphold the letter of the law. This is an example of the _____ style of law enforcement. a.legalistic b.law enforcement c.service d.watchman
a
Sarah is the responding officer at a domestic violence call. Upon arrival she is informed by the female of the home that her ex-husband has violated a protective order and entered her home. He held a gun to her head and threatened to kill her if she did not allow him to move back into the home with her. There are two children in the home, and the suspect has left the scene. This is the fourth time Sarah has responded to this call in the last 2 months. Sarah must determine how to apply the law to this domestic call. Should she refer the woman to a social service agency or should she actively look for the suspect who violated the protection order? Trying to make the proper decision in this situation is known as a.discretion. b.judgment. c.experience. d.protocol.
a
The international criminal police organization is a.Interpol. b.the FBI. c.the DEA. d.the CIA.
a
Which of the following is not a factor of police discretion? a.The relationship between the officer and his or her supervisor b.The relationship between the police and the criminal or victim c.The relationship between the alleged criminal and the victim d.The nature of the crime
a
The community-based model of policing occurred between a.1970 and the present. b.1840 and 1920. c.1790 and 1820. d.1820 and 1840.
a
According to most police departments, a.police should become less involved with matters of domestic violence. b.domestic violence is a "no-win" situation, in which both parties are often uncooperative or hostile toward law enforcement. c.domestic violence should be handled privately. d.police should maintain existing policies in regard to matters of domestic violence.
b
The _________ typically includes an officer, commander, sergeant, lieutenant, captain, major and chief. a.division of labor b.chain and utility of command c.rules and regulations d.none of the above.
b
Which historical era involved close ties between the police and local leaders of government? a.The community policing era b.The political era c.The professional era d.The reform era
b
Which of the following is not an element of the model of professional policing? a.Personnel procedures should be based on merit. b.The police force should be actively involved in politics. c.The police force should use new technology. d.Laws should be enforced equally.
b
Who was the leading advocate of professionalism within law enforcement? a.George Kelling b.O. W. Wilson c.Sir John Fielding d.Catherine Coles
b
If police officers provide first aid, rescue animals, or help the homeless, this is an example of the _______ police function. a.law enforcement b.service c.order maintenance d.departmental
b service
Alan has always wanted to become a law enforcement officer. He has recently applied to his local sheriff's department. He holds a bachelor's degree from a state university and speaks Spanish as a second language. If hired, he will participate in a 16-week basic law enforcement course before he goes into the field. The department to which Alan is applying is in the process of calling his character references. This process is a part of a a.psychological tests* b.fitness test c.background check** d.financial check
background check
_______ is an influential theory about increases in fear and crime within neighborhoods when there is insufficient police attention to seemingly minor public order offenses such as vandalism, loitering, aggressive panhandling, and prostitution. a.Social control theory b.Learning theory c.Differential learning association d.Broken windows theory
broken windows theory
Studies of police practices regarding domestic violence that occurred before the women's movement found that a.most male police officers beat their wives. b.stopping violence against women was a high priority of police. c.police were less likely to intervene when wives were victimized by their husbands. d.police chiefs prohibited officers from ever making arrests.
c
Adrian has worked for two different municipal police department in the course of his career due to a career move his wife made, which forced Adrian to move to a new state. Adrian worked for the first department for 10 years. He enjoyed his position very much. He felt very comfortable with his sergeant all they way up to the chief. They ran a very professional department and executed many arrests for misdemeanors and traffic violations. When Adrian switched to the department in his new state, he noticed a very different style of policing. He was working in a nice suburban area, which required him to answer calls that, he felt, were more social-service-type calls. This new department forced him to develop a new style of policing. Adrian mentions how he felt comfortable with his supervisors from the lowest rung to the highest rung. This is known as the a.bureaucracy b.operations command c.chain of operations d.chain of command
chain of command
Which program attempts to control crime through the collection of crime statistics and meetings to enforce accountability? a.Compstat b.National Crime Victimization Survey c.Uniform Crime Reports d.National Incident-Based Reporting System
compstat
In their article entitled "Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety," James Q. Wilson and George Kelling argued that police should work more on a.the most significant problems, such as catching violent repeat offenders in the act. b.being more involved with local political leaders. c.ending corruption within the police force. d.the little problems such as maintaining order.
d
Law enforcement agencies that serve colleges and universities include a.tribal police. b.SWAT. c.Interpol. d.special jurisdiction agencies.
d
The political era of policing was characterized by a.civil service selection of officers. b.urban riots. c.the introduction of the automobile patrol and two-way radios. d.hiring of officers through connections to elected officials
d
Which of the following areas is not a priority of the FBI? a.Organized crime b.Terrorism c.Political corruption d.Minor blue-collar crime
d
Which is true concerning police policy? a.Decisions about how police resources will be used affect who gets arrested. b.Officers are not limited in terms of how they investigate and pursue lawbreakers. c.Police have unlimited resources. d.Police tend to de-emphasize their role as crime fighters.
decisions about how police resources will be used affect who gets arrested
The roots of American policing lie in the French legal tradition. True False
f
Every department has the same number of vice and juvenile units. True False
false
Modern-day police practices use patrol units with two officers. T or F
false
New communications technology within police departments has tended to fragment decision making. True False
false
Police officers require only formal training to understand all the aspects of their job. T or F
false
Public support for police budgets is greatest when police departments stress the service function. true or false
false
Quantifying police work is relatively easy. True False
false
The community policing philosophy is an approach that stresses police control of the community. True False
false
The police can enforce every law and catch every lawbreaker if they have the resources. True False
false
The police officer's job demands interpersonal skills such as quick to anger. True False
false
Police officers rarely feel isolated from the public. T or F
false
Police functions that directly involve field operations such as patrol and investigation are called _____ functions. a.line b.sworn c.preventive d.staff
line
Traffic regulation is a ____ job of the police. a.rare b.dangerous c.major d.minor
major
A strategy for addressing domestic violence that is supported by some research suggests to: a.make no arrests. b.bring a counselor to the scene of all domestic violence calls. c.remove the victim from the home and then place the victim in a homeless shelter. d.make arrests in all cases
make arrests in all cases
Preventive patrol emphasizes a.making police presence known. b.responding to 911 calls. c.a large number of arrests to control crime. d.fixing "broken windows."
making police presence known
Which of the following is not a factor in determining if suspicion exists to justify a search by a Custom and Border Patrol officer? a.Observational techniques b.Native language* c.K-9 Unit d.Behavioral analysis
native language
David has worked for his municipal police department for 10 years. He has seen his fair share of homicide and rape victims. He remembers a the time when he used to be excited to hear the next call for service. Currently, he dreads to hear the radio calls for assistance. David tries to remember that he is keeping his community safe by performing his job. He also remembers that he has a family of his own he wants to keep safe as well. David is suffering from stress due to his interactions with those involved in the criminal justice system, whom he is forced to arrest and help prosecute on a day-to-day basis. Which type of stress is David suffering from? a.Personal b.Organizational c.External d.Operational
operational
Sarah is the responding officer at a domestic violence call. Upon arrival she is informed by the female of the home that her ex-husband has violated a protective order and entered her home. He held a gun to her head and threatened to kill her if she did not allow him to move back into the home with her. There are two children in the home, and the suspect has left the scene. This is the fourth time Sarah has responded to this call in the last 2 months. Sarah spent a good deal of her time stopping and investigating criminal acts. During this time she fulfilled what police function? a.Order maintenance b.Service c.Law enforcement d.Departmental
order maintenance
A police function that is a broad mandate to prevent behavior that disturbs the peace or involves face-to-face conflict is called a.law enforcement. b.service. c.order maintenance. d.departmental order.
order maintenece
Which type of police officers account for two-thirds of all sworn officers? a.Traffic b.Juvenile c.Patrol d.Detective
patrol
Alan has always wanted to become a law enforcement officer. He has recently applied to his local sheriff's department. He holds a bachelor's degree from a state university and speaks Spanish as a second language. If hired, he will participate in a 16-week basic law enforcement course before he goes into the field. Which of the following would not be a standard part of Alan's curriculum through BLET? a.Weapons use b.CPR training c.Legal rules d.Prison procedure
prison procedure
Andrica is the chief of police for a mid-size department. She has recently reviewed the data on how to serve the community better, including preventing crime and responding to calls. Andrica would like to incorporate additional strategies to improve all issues, but wants to make sure she has officer buy-in for any new methods. Andrica has considered buying a drone for surveillance to prevent future crimes from occurring. This would be considered a type of __________ law enforcement. a.reactive b.informed c.proactive d.substantiated
proactive
In order for an officer to arrest a suspect, the officer must have a.a warrant. b.reasonable suspicion. c.probable cause. d.just cause.
probable cause
Which is not a characteristic of the SARA strategy for problem solving? a.Scanning the social environment to identify problems b.Assessment of the solutions to make addition recommendations c.Analysis of the problem by collecting information d.Response to the problem by developing and employing remedies*
scanning the social environment to identify probs
In the past, ________ had full power to break into the homes of slaves who were suspected of keeping arms, to physically punish those who did not obey their orders, and to arrest runaways. a.U.S. marshals b.Slave patrols c.Watch system members d.Sheriffs
slave patrols
The process in which members learn the symbols, beliefs, and values of a group is called a.spiritualization. b.working personality. c.socialization. d.isolation.
socialization
The code of silence in many police departments against turning in bad cops is a feature of a.subprofessionals b.a subculture. c.a suboccupation. d.a subcommunity.
sub occupation
David has worked for his municipal police department for 10 years. He has seen his fair share of homicide and rape victims. He remembers a the time when he used to be excited to hear the next call for service. Currently, he dreads to hear the radio calls for assistance. David tries to remember that he is keeping his community safe by performing his job. He also remembers that he has a family of his own he wants to keep safe as well. Because David has worked in his municipal police department for 10 years, he has grown accustomed to the symbols, beliefs, and customs of his the department. This is often referred to as the a.subculture. b.socialization. c.working personality. d.authority.
subculture
Police operational units typically include patrol, investigation, traffic, vice, and juvenile units. True False
t
Police policy regarding domestic violence has changed as a result of lawsuits filed against police departments by injured women. True False
t
Special jurisdiction agencies are essentially a system of small police departments, with their particular jurisdiction in mind. True False
t
The elites of society expect the service style of law enforcement. True False
t
The professional model of policing suggests that the officers should use technology. True False
t
When a crime is committed, delays can give the criminal an advantage in escaping capture by the police. True False
t
The U.S. Supreme Court developed the stop-and-frisk exception, whereby a police officer could pat down a suspicious person without a warrant, in the landmark case of a.Miranda v. Arizona (1966). b.Chimel v. California (1969). c.Mapp v. Ohio (1961). d.Terry v. Ohio (1968).
terry vs ohio
Which statement is true concerning the U.S. Supreme Court's treatment of the exclusionary rule in the 1980s? a.The Court expanded the rule to protect criminal defendants. b.The Court did not change the rule in terms of its application. c.The Court abolished the rule. d.The Court created exceptions to limit the applicability of the rule.
the court created exceptions to limit the applicability of the rule
Steve Herbert found a high sense of morality in the law enforcement subculture. Which is not a dilemma that officers must overcome? a.The contradiction between the goal of preventing crime and the officers' inability to do so b.The fact that officers must use their discretion to "handle" situations in ways that do not strictly follow procedures c.The fact that they invariably act against at least one citizen's interest, often with recourse to coercive force that can maim or kill d.The fact that what is right is not always legal
the fact that what is right is not always legal
Which person or organization has the most discretion with how the law is applied or interpreted on the scene? a.The U.S. Supreme Court b.Police commissioners c.U.S. attorney generals d.The officer on the scene
the officer on the scene
An occupational environment affects the way a person interprets reality. T or F
true
The second aspect of the working personality is the need to exert authority. True False
true
The Fourth Amendment contains the unreasonable search and seizure clause. t or false
true
Which of the following is an example of a proactive strategy to combat crime? a.Using a stakeout in victimless crimes b.Responding to citizens who approach an officer c.Responding to a crime after the perpetrator has fled d.Responding to citizen calls for service
using a stakeout in victimless crimes
Which special operational unit in a police department enforces laws against prostitution? a.Patrol b.Vice c.Traffic d.Internal affairs
vice
Which Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court began to create exceptions to the exclusionary rule? a.Harlan Stone b.William Howard Taft c.Warren Burger d.Earl Warren
warren burger
The U.S. Supreme Court created the exclusionary rule in the case of a.Minnesota v. Dickerson (1993). b.Weeks v. U.S.(1914). c.Mapp v. Ohio (1961). d.Miranda v. Arizona (1966).
weeks vs US
Responding to danger is a component of a police officer's a.work responsibility b.socialization. c.working personality. d.culturalization.
working personality
