Criminal Justice Chapter 4-6

the federal government created the _________ to increase law enforcement involvement within communities by offering grants and support to agencies.

COPS Office

A situation in which a police officer uses his/her authority to deprive people of their liberty or property is called a:

seizure

In which U.S. Supreme Court case was it established that criminal defendants must be read their rights?

Miranda vs Arizona (1966)

_________ created the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule.

Nix vs Williams (1984)

what is not a prerequisite to apply for work as a police officer?

pass a firearm use test

what is a prerequisite to apply for work as a police officer?

pass a polygraph test.

The police function that includes the familiar sight of uniformed and armed officers on call 24 hours a day, also called the backbone of police operations, is the:

patrol

what is not one of the four key components of the police subculture?

religious practice

most police work is reactive, which means that police primarily:

respond to citizen calls for service

The term "reasonable expectation of privacy" is most relevant to which of the following police activities?

search

police officers who provide first aid, rescue animals, or help the homeless are fulfilling the police function of:

service

the law enforcement official created for the enforcement of rural areas as well as maintaining the country jails is the:

sheriff

the process in which members learn the symbols, beliefs, and values of a group is known as:

socialization

A brief interference with a person's freedom of movement with a duration that can be measured in minutes is called a(n):

stop

A "pat down" search is also known as a _________ search.

stop and frisk

In order for a stop to be permissible, officers must have:

a reasonable suspicion

Increasing the number of patrol officers in a given area has been found to significantly reduce the crime rate in that area. (true or false)

false

in homage to the home secretary who supported passage of the act creating the London police force, the first English police officers were known as:

bobbies

The percentage of crimes that police believe they have solved through an arrest is called:

clearance rate

the unit of a police department receives and investigates complaints alleging violation of rules and policies by officers.

internal affairs

the core operational units of local police departments that deploy uniformed officers to handle the full array of police functions for service, order maintenance, and law enforcement are called:

patrol units

Terry v. Ohio endorsed stop-and-frisk searches to ensure _______.

officer safety

the police function involving a broad mandate to prevent behavior that disturbs the peace or involves face to face conflict is called:

order maintenance

Preventive patrol emphasizes:

making police presence known

Which of the following is not a condition for the issuance of a warrant?

the suspect must be informed of his/her rights

In what circumstance is the totality of circumstances used?

to determine whether probable cause exists

Mapp v. Ohio (1961) applied the exclusionary rule to the state court system. (true or false)

true

Police use force infrequently (true or false)

true

Probable cause must be established before an arrest warrant is issued. (true or false)

true

The majority of searches take place without a warrant. (true or false)

true

police are mainly reactive because they are dependent on citizen calls for service in performing their duties. (true or false)

true

police officers in the US generally have a higher level of education today than in the past. (true or false)

true

supporters of the community policing model urge greater use of foot and bike patrol so that officers will become more familiar to citizens. (true or false)

true

In ________, the Supreme Court endorsed warrantless searches for weapons and evidence in the immediate vicinity of people who are lawfully arrested.

Chimel vs California

Which classic study of a police department found that preventative patrol did not decrease crime, and forced many departments to redesign their crime fighting strategy?

Kansas City Preventative Patrol Experiment

Which of the following is a vice offense?

Prostitution

Which U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that deadly force may not be used against an unarmed and fleeing suspect unless necessary to prevent their escape and unless the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of serious injury?

Tennessee vs Garner (1985)

In which case did the Supreme Court endorse a police officer's authority to stop-and-frisk suspects on the streets when there is reasonable suspicion that they are armed and involved in criminal activity.

Terry vs Ohio (1968)

the governmental agency responsible for federal court security and apprehending fugitives is the:

US Marshals

Someone who places a personal diary in a locked drawer within a bedroom of her home has demonstrated:

a reasonable expectation of privacy

A written statement of fact, supported by oath or affirmation and submitted to judicial officers to fulfill the requirements of probable cause for obtaining a warrant, is the definition of:

an affidavit

A significant deprivation of liberty, involving taking a person into custody, transporting them to a police station or jail, and processing them into the criminal justice system, is called a(n):

arrest

At what point must Miranda warnings be given to suspects?

before being interrogated

What approach to crime fighting uses detailed crime statistics and forces police supervisors to meet to plan goals for crime prevention purposes?

compstat

A ________ search allows officers to conduct a permissible warrantless search of a person, vehicle, home, or location after receiving permission from the person in question.

consent

officers who participate in violations of law and departmental policy for personal gain are guilty of:

corruption

Community policing philosophies suggest that citizens should be viewed as:

customers

The job of the ______ is mainly to talk to witnesses, suspects, and victims.

detective

a patrol strategy that assigns priorities to calls for service and chooses the appropriate response is called:

differential response

violent victimization that may occur between intimate partners, which frequently requires the use of officer discretion, is called:

domestic violence

this type of policing involves examining social science studies regarding the nature crime and social problems.

evidence based

the application of force against individuals by police officers that violates either departmental policies or constitutional rights by exceeding the level of force permissible in a given situation is called:

excessive use of force

When there is an immediate threat to public safety or the risk that evidence will be destroyed , officers may search, arrest, or question suspects without obtaining a warrant. This is termed:

exigent circumstances

"Stops" are defined as events that violate individuals' reasonable expectations of privacy. (true or false)

false

acting in response to a notification about suspicious activity, a crime, a medical emergency, or other service need is the definition of proactive policing. (true or false)

false

The __________ Amendment guarantees citizens protection against "unreasonable search and seizure."

fourth

officers who participate in small payoffs, such as exchanging money for not writing a ticket, are called:

grass eaters

according to public opinion polls, which police function do citizens believe is most important?

law enforcement

the police function of controlling crime by intervening in situations when the law has been violated and the police must apprehend the guilty person is called:

law enforcement

according to the theory of broken windows, police should focus more on:

maintaining order by being attentive to "little problems"

officers who participate in widespread corruption, including drug smuggling and money laundering, are called:

meat eaters

The _________ doctrine permits officers to notice and use as evidence items that are visible to them when they are in a location that they are permitted to be.

plain view

what is not consistent with the model of professional policing?

police forces should be actively involved in politics

the _________ era of policing involved close ties between police and local leaders of government.

political

To obtain an arrest warrant, police must demonstrate:

probable cause

the symbols, beliefs, and attitudes shared by members of a subgroup within a larger society are collectively referred to as a:

subculture

Henry Fielding organized a group of "their takers" to pursue and arrest law breakers, which became known as:

the Bow Street Runners

According to ________, a suspect who, during a frisk, which is not justified by proper observation and reasonable suspicion , is found to be carrying drugs or weapons can seek to have the evidence excluded.

the exclusionary rule

the focus of intelligence-led policing is:

the prevention of crime

what is not one of the five factors that officers must take into account when exercising discretion?

the rank of the responding officer