Criminal Justice exam 3

If a police officer's life or another's life is at peril from the person in question, it is permissible to use __________. a. unreasonable force b. back up c. pepper spray d. deadly force

d. deadly force

The U.S. Supreme Court uses what right to influence how the police do their job—for instance, by ruling certain methods unconstitutional? a. malum prohibitum b. judicial review c. castle doctrine d. habeas corpus

b. judicial review

As demographics in the United States are changing, it is more important for police officers than ever to have __________. a. police public relations b. multicultural understanding c. community policing programming d. a border wall

b. multicultural understanding

Which group's goal is to create a nucleus of citizens who are well informed about a department's practices and services? a. police mini-stations b. citizen police academies c. Crime Stoppers programs d. operation identification

b. citizen police academies

Cybercrime is any type of criminal activity involving ________. a. entrapment b. computers and networks c. decoy operations d. telephones

b. computers and networks

Which of the following gives police officers responsibility for all policing activity by requiring them to walk around a defined geographic area? a. defined patrol b. foot patrol c. smart patrol d. tactical patrol

b. foot patrol

The African American community continues to feel unfairly treated by law enforcement because of things such as __________. cultural transmission of criminal values biological or heritable influences racial profiling chronic anger or rage

racial profiling

What refers to an officer driving around a designated geographic area? saturation patrol random routine patrol rapid response retroactive investigation

random routine patrol

Which age group experiences the lowest amount of criminal victimization? senior citizens teens adults children

senior citizens

What is the name of factors considered by detectives when deciding whether a case should receive follow-up investigation? solvability factors crime analysis factors cold case factors field notes

solvability factors

What generated an increased number of calls for service, which the San Marcos, Texas, Police Department addressed using problem-oriented policing? a. robbery complaints b. noise complaints c. vehicle collisions d. the homeless population

b. noise complaints

If a police chief believes that the police should not just respond to incident after incident, but rather focus on the problems that cause the incidents, what type of policing do they support? a. community policing b. problem-solving policing c. incident-based policing d. intelligence-led policing

b. problem-solving policing

For a crime to be committed, the act must be either malum in se (wrong in itself) or malum prohibitum (____________). a. evil in whole b. prohibited by statute c. wrong against another d. wrong in its nature

b. prohibited by statute

Check My Work Which standard of proof would lead a reasonable person to believe a certain condition or fact exists? a. probable cause b. reasonable suspicion c. exclusionary rule d. reasonable doubt

b. reasonable suspicion

Many states and larger cities have created state and local places to share information and intelligence within their jurisdictions as well as with the federal government. These places are referred to as __________. a. service stations b. intervention teams c. fusion centers d. police operations

c. fusion centers

Defendants can plead entrapment if they can show that the police __________ commit crimes they otherwise would not have committed. a. tempted them to b. suggested they c. induced them to d. gave them the opportunity to

c. induced them to

What group staged protests across the country in response to questionable deaths of minority members under arrest or in police custody? a. International Association of Chiefs of Police b. the National Rifle Association c. Ninety-Nine Percenters d. Black Lives Matter

d. Black Lives Matter

The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) are published by which organization? a. NIJ (National Institute of Justice) b. BJS (Bureau of Justice Statistics) c. N ACJD (National Archive of Criminal Justice Data) d. FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)

d. FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)

Two of the main goals of patrol are maintaining a feeling of public security and 24-hour availability to the public. What is the third goal? a. responding to neighborhood disputes b. providing the public with information c. walking a beat in a specific area d. deterring crime

d. deterring crime

In one alternative to random routine patrol, officers are given specific directions to follow when they are not responding to calls, which is called __________. a. predictive patrol b. smart patrol c. divided patrol d. directed patrol

d. directed patrol

Police departments with tight budgets have been able to acquire equipment they could otherwise not afford through __________. a. state government grants b. fines and fees charged to defendants c. federal government grants d. donations from businesses

d. donations from businesses

Most searches are made in emergency situations, called ___________. a. "no knock" provisions b. exclusionary rules c. field interrogations d. exigent circumstances

d. exigent circumstances

Officer Gloria Mansfield is part of a program in which she lives in subsidized housing in the city and works an eight-hour day, but she is also on call 24 hours a day for any residents that need assistance. This program is known as a __________. a. service area police program b. resident officer program c. police and citizens together initiative d. community assistance program

b. resident officer program

The city of Duluth, Minnesota, won an International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) Community Policing Award for their response to __________. a. active shooter incidents b. sexual assault against Native American women c. housing violations d. the opioid epidemic

b. sexual assault against Native American women

The quasi-official practice of beating a confession out of a suspect was known as __________. a. custodial interrogation b. the third degree c. a Miranda warning d. business as usual

b. the third degree

Why would local businesses contribute to a police department though a foundation rather than by donating directly? a. to record them as charitable donations b. to avoid the appearance of ethical impropriety c. to obtain a tax deduction d. to disguise the quid pro quo nature of the gift

b. to avoid the appearance of ethical impropriety

What is the strategy of using data analysis and other intelligence to focus police efforts on incidents and offenders causing the most harm to the community? a. cybercrime fighting b. crime analysis c. MCI (Managing Criminal Investigations) d. intelligence-led policing

d. intelligence-led policing

In a democratic society, the police must have broad and active public acceptance and support to be viewed as __________. a. trustworthy b. having crime-solving ability c. conviction rate d. legitimate

d. legitimate

Of the following, what is one of the best ways to improve relationships between police and minority groups? Keep open lines of communication with religious leaders. Require all officers to learn phrases from the languages of minorities. Have an adequate representation of minorities. Operate citizen police academies.

Have an adequate representation of minorities.

Which term describes a group of people who match the description of the suspect and who stand in a row along with the arrested person while a victim or witness observes them to try to make an identification? a. photo array b. walk of shame c. showup d. lineup

d. lineup

When we talk about crime, we are talking about many different and complex __________ that the police cannot control. a. functions b. variables c. analyses d. goals

b. variables

If a crime is reported while it is in progress, police have about a 33 percent chance of making an arrest. This drops to ______ if more than 15 minutes elapse before the crime is reported. 5 15 20 25

5

What percentage of people responding said they had "a great deal" of respect for the police in their area according to a 2016 nationwide Gallup poll? Nearly none Fewer than half A substantial majority Nearly all

A substantial majority

What did the Kansas City patrol study in 1972 and 1973 demonstrate? Police officers on patrol do not need to be on an assignment from a radio dispatcher or a supervisor. Adding police patrols to an area made a huge difference within the community. Adding or decreasing police patrols had no effect on crime, fear of crime or attitudes toward police. Random routine patrol enabled police officers to catch criminals in the act of committing their crimes.

Adding or decreasing police patrols had no effect on crime, fear of crime or attitudes toward police

What is one of the main points of the broken window model of policing? Fighting crime should be the primary focus of police patrol. Disorder in neighborhoods creates fear. Broken windows detract criminals from committing crimes in certain neighborhoods. Police-community relationships should be considered as fragile as window panes.

Disorder in neighborhoods creates fear.

Which amendments to the U.S. Constitution do Miranda rights apply to? Fourth and Fifth Amendments Fifth and Sixth Amendments Third and Fourth Amendments First and Fourth Amendments

Fifth and Sixth Amendments

What is the difference between police human relations and police public relations? There is no difference between human relations and public relations with regard to the police. Human relations is about how one treats others; public relations attempts to create a favorable image of someone or some group. Human relations is about creating a favorable image of oneself to another individual; public relations is about creating a favorable image of oneself to the general public. Police engage in public relations efforts, but not in human relations efforts.

Human relations is about creating a favorable image of oneself to another individual; public relations is about creating a favorable image of oneself to the general public.

Officer Robertson has responded to a call about a mentally ill person named Joe, who appears to be hallucinating. Under what circumstances would Officer Robertson take Joe to jail? Under no circumstances—once Joe calms down, he is free to go. If Joe has just been released from a mental health facility and therefore cannot return for at least 48 hours. If Joe may be a danger to himself or others, and the community does not have a competent mental health facility. If the local mental health facility has space but refuses admission to Joe because he does not have health insurance

If Joe may be a danger to himself or others, and the community does not have a competent mental health facility.

What does the Public Safety Exception do? It provides law enforcement officials additional power if used to ensure public safety. It eliminates the need for probable cause or a warrant to arrest when public safety is an immediate concern. It eliminates the need for probable cause or a warrant to search when public safety is an immediate concern. It legally allows interrogators to continue interviewing the suspect without reading the suspect their rights if the suspect poses a threat to public safety.

It legally allows interrogators to continue interviewing the suspect without reading the suspect their rights if the suspect poses a threat to public safety.

Which of the following is true of community policing? It allows for more effective use of personnel. It focuses on independent police work. It substantially reduces crime. It uses the scanning, analysis, response, and assessment (SARA) model.

It substantially reduces crime.

In Tempe, Arizona, the Assistance in Disaster (AID) program was created to mobilize a community response in the event of a(n) __________. a. terrorist attack b. natural disaster c. increase in neighborhood crime d. natural disaster or terrorist attack

d. natural disaster or terrorist attack

Which of the following programs focuses on involving youth and their families in improving the quality of community life? Citizens Police Academy Community Emergency Response Team Police Athletic League Neighborhood Watch

Police Athletic League

What was a positive effect of the change from foot patrol to motor patrol in terms of policing? Police officers could work alone instead of in pairs. Police officers were less distracted and more observant. There was greater contact between police officers and the community. Police departments could respond more quickly to calls for service.

Police departments could respond more quickly to calls for service.

__________ can be defined as evidence that may lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been committed and that a certain person committed it. Warrant Probable cause Preponderance of evidence Proof beyond a reasonable doubt

Probable cause

One of the problems with keeping community policing working well is that many of the resources that were previously devoted to it are now being used to __________. a. fund police vehicles b. pay for community cooperation c. fund advanced technology d. prevent terrorism

d. prevent terrorism

The African American community continues to feel unfairly treated by law enforcement because of things such as __________. a. chronic anger or rage b. the growth of the Hispanic population c. Black Lives Matter protests d. racial profiling

d. racial profiling

What percentage of the foreign-born population in the United States was born in an Asian country as of 2011? a. 29 percent b. 5 percent c. 14.5 percent d. 16.9 percent

a. 29 percent

What percentage of people responding said they had "a great deal" of respect for the police in their area according to a 2016 nationwide Gallup poll? a. 76 percent b. 67 percent c. 14 percent d. 64 percent

a. 76 percent

If parties to a case in the lowest federal court are unhappy with the ruling, the case can be moved to the next level, which is U.S. __________. a. Appellate Court b. Court of Claims c. District Court d. Supreme Court

a. Appellate Court

What happens on National Night Out? a. Citizens are encouraged to turn on all outside lighting and step outside their home for an hour on the same evening. b. Citizens patrol on foot or in cars and alerting the police to possible crimes or criminals in the area. c. Communities offer events during the evening to discourage youth mischief on Halloween. d. Community members attend an academy. This enhances citizens' understanding of the workings of the police department.

a. Citizens are encouraged to turn on all outside lighting and step outside their home for an hour on the same evening.

Advances in which type of technology have led to the increased use of cold-case squads to solve crimes? a. DNA b. GPS c. surveillance d. lie-detector

a. DNA

What is defined as inducing an individual to violate a criminal statute he or she did not contemplate violating, for the sole purpose of arrest and criminal prosecution? a. Entrapment b. Sting c. Stakeout d. Decoy

a. Entrapment

Just simply having a police department website can be considered part of a community policing strategy. Why? a. It allows information to be reported and provides contact information for people in the organization. b. It improves the quality of life in the community, from its youth to its senior citizens. c. It enables the community to meet with officers in local establishments on a regular basis. d. It minimizes the fear of crime and empowers the senior citizen population.

a. It allows information to be reported and provides contact information for people in the organization

Which of the following is true about a typical police pursuit? a. It starts as a traffic violation. b. It occurs during the day. c. It involves one police car. d. It covers 10-20 miles.

a. It starts as a traffic violation.

If the Deerfield police department decides to switch from two-officer to one-officer patrol cars, what might be one reason they would give for the switch? a. One officer working alone tends to feel more confident and takes fewer unnecessary risks. b. The police department can better deploy the number of officers they have. c. One officer working alone tends to get more easily distracted. d. A one-officer patrol car will put officers at greater risk of injury.

a. One officer working alone tends to feel more confident and takes fewer unnecessary risks.

What was the main negative effect of the change from foot patrol to motor patrol in terms of policing? a. Police officers became isolated from the community that they patrolled. b. Police officers became overly interested in the lives of community residents. c. Some beats were unattended because there were not enough officers available for staffing. d. Police officers could not respond as quickly to calls for service.

a. Police officers became isolated from the community that they patrolled.

In what city did the police department establish the BLUE + YOU initiative after they had a negative incident that led to a drastic decrease in the community's trust of the police department? a. Sarasota, Florida b. Indianapolis, Indiana c. Santa Fe, New Mexico d. New Rochelle, New York

a. Sarasota, Florida

Which of the following statements about Hispanics is correct? a. The Hispanic community is composed of many different cultures. b. Only Mexicans and Puerto Ricans are Hispanic; the term Latino is used for other Spanish-speaking cultures. c. Hispanic people are those who speak Spanish. d. The term Hispanic is incorrect; the correct term is Latino.

a. The Hispanic community is composed of many different cultures.

What did the Kansas City patrol study in 1972 and 1973 demonstrate? a. The traditional three goals of policing were not the most effective way to do police work. b. Random routine patrol enabled police officers to catch criminals in the act of committing their crimes. c. Adding police patrols to an area made a huge difference within the community. d. Police officers on patrol do not need to be on an assignment from a radio dispatcher or a supervisor.

a. The traditional three goals of policing were not the most effective way to do police work.

The rights disclosed in the Miranda warning include all of the following EXCEPT the right to __________. a. a trial by jury b. remain silent c. a court-appointed attorney if the person cannot afford one d. have a lawyer present during questioning

a. a trial by jury

What can police do to a person for any crime committed in the officers' presence, with or without a warrant? a. arrest b. pardon c. prosecute d. incarcerate

a. arrest

The U.S. Supreme Court has consistently ruled in favor of the sanctity of one's home, a concept that has come to be known as the __________. a. castle doctrine b. private property doctrine c. homestead doctrine d. residence doctrine

a. castle doctrine

In the book The Move to Community Policing: Making Change Happen, the authors describe the stages police organizations need to accomplish in order to move into community policing program. What would be the final stage for the police as they went through the process? a. dealing with ongoing challenges b. monitoring and institutionalization c. developing data-driven approaches d. changing the police culture

a. dealing with ongoing challenges

Which of the following has been used successfully to address less serious but demanding crime problems and traffic violations in the least resource-intensive way? a. decoy operations b. crackdown c. saturation patrol d. aggressive patrol

a. decoy operations

What is the idea that detective work is as glamorous, exciting, and dangerous as it is depicted in the movies and on television? a. detective mystique b. investigative mystique c. detective aura d. investigative aura

a. detective mystique

One of the downsides to stakeouts is that they are __________. a. expensive b. ineffective c. boring d. based on tips

a. expensive

After adjusting for age variations, the National Crime Victimization Survey determined that physically challenged individuals ___________. a. experience violence at twice the rate of people who are not disabled b. exaggerate the likelihood that they will experience violence c. are more than 25 percent as likely as nondisabled people to commit nonviolent crimes d. are more likely to be victims of nonviolent crime than violent crime

a. experience violence at twice the rate of people who are not disabled

The imam of a local mosque has asked the police for extra protection because he, like many Muslims in the United States, __________. a. fears hate crimes b. is a terrorist c. is paranoid d. has no civil rights

a. fears hate crimes

What type of undercover investigations have broken up many major drug and arms smuggling operations in South Florida? a. federal b. state c. municipal d. community

a. federal

Investigative task forces are groups working together to investigate one or more crimes. These investigators are often __________. a. from different law enforcement agencies b. members of the courtroom workgroup c. members of the same detective department d. from different ranks within a municipal police department

a. from different law enforcement agencies

What was added to Detroit neighborhoods that led to increased police presence in the community, improved communication and cooperation between officers and residents, and expanded the department's commitment to community policing? a. mini-stations b. two-person patrol cars c. police home visits d. 911 programs

a. mini-stations

What is the most expensive part of a police department's budget? a. personnel b. vehicles c. emergency equipment d. weapons

a. personnel

What is the application of analytical techniques to identify targets for police attention and interaction and to prevent crime or solve past crimes? a. predictive policing b. evidence-based policing c. smart policing d. none of these

a. predictive policing

Most searches by police officers are subject to the limits of the Fifth Amendment are made under a warrant signed by a judge are made in accordance with one of the legal exceptions to the search warrant requirement are suspicionless and illegal

are made in accordance with one of the legal exceptions to the search

Detective Jackson and his partner are going to begin investigating a possible homicide that took place earlier in the day. The first step they will take in their investigation is to _________. a. read the incident report b. canvass the neighborhood c. identify the victim d. interview witnesses

a. read the incident report

Police agencies themselves are in the best position to know their specific crime problems; thus, they are best equipped to work with researchers to come up with effective solutions, which is the premise of __________. a. smart policing b. forecasting c. directed patrol d. predictive policing

a. smart policing

To determine whether a case is worth pursuing, Detective Raymond asks herself questions such as, "Is there a witness?" and "Will the complainant cooperate in the investigation?" What helps determine whether a case can be cleared? a. solvability factors b. clearance rates c. case enhancements d. none of these

a. solvability factors

Justin receives word that he has won a prize and just needs to go to a particular address to pick it up. When he arrives, he finds the police are waiting to arrest him on an outstanding warrant; this is a(n) __________. a. sting b. stakeout c. entrapment d. decoy

a. sting

The provisions of which bill authorized the expenditure of nearly $8 billion over six years for grants to law enforcement agencies to reduce crime? a. the Crime Bill b. the Justice Bill c. the COP (Community Oriented Policing) Initiative Bill d. the Community Oriented Policing Services Bill

a. the Crime Bill

A 1981 Police Research Forum Study showed that police have about a 33 percent chance of making an arrest if ____________. a. the crime is reported while still in progress b. the case is turned over to a detective c. forensic science is used d. no less than 15 minutes have elapsed since the report

a. the crime is reported while still in progress

Despite statistics to the contrary, many police officers believe _____________. a. the public does not like or support them b. community policing efforts do more harm than good c. they will be promoted to detective within five years d. there are not enough officers on the street

a. the public does not like or support them

What is the goal of the Drug Abuse Response Team (DART) implemented in the Northampton, Massachusetts, Police Department? a. to connect drug users with services that can help them b. to find housing for local people addicted to opioids c. to act as counselors for local people addicted to opioids d. to identify those opioid users who also commit local crimes

a. to connect drug users with services that can help them

The officer assumes a different identity to obtain information or achieve another investigatory purpose in a(n) __________. a. undercover investigation b. blending operation c. decoy operation d. stakeout operation

a. undercover investigation

The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that police departments should ____________. a. use more patrol officers to investigate crimes b. assign no more than four detectives to each investigation c. use teams of one patrol officer and one detective for crime investigations d. hire specialists rather than detectives for very serious or complex investigations

a. use more patrol officers to investigate crimes

What refers to an officer driving around a designated geographic area? a. foot patrol b. rapid response c. retroactive investigation d. random routine patrol

d. random routine patrol

The problem-oriented policing strategy consists of four distinct parts, known by the acronym SARA. What does the "S" in SARA stand for? a. solving b. service c. searching d. scanning

d. scanning

Community policing and problem-oriented policing go hand in hand, but there are differences. What is the main difference? a. Community policing is concerned with the community solving local problems, and problem-oriented policing is more concerned with the police solving local problems b. Community policing is concerned with the relationship between the police and the community, and problem-oriented policing is more concerned with solving a particular problem. c. Community policing tends to involve more resources and police officers, and problem-oriented policing involves fewer resources and police officers. d. Community policing involves a single community, whereas problem-oriented policing, by necessity, relies on multiple communities working together.

b. Community policing is concerned with the relationship between the police and the community, and problem-oriented policing is more concerned with solving a particular problem.

In a decoy operation, what do officers do? a. Park patrol cars where they cannot be seen. b. Dress and act like potential victims. c. Assume the role of a gang member. d. Dress and act like members of the general public.

b. Dress and act like potential victims.

In which 1964 case did the Supreme Court rule that denying a suspect the right to consult with a lawyer was a violation of the Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendments? a. Burdeau v. McDowell b. Escobedo v. Illinois c. Miranda v. Arizona d. McNabb v. United States

b. Escobedo v. Illinois

Officer Robertson has responded to a call about a mentally ill person named Joe, who appears to be hallucinating. Under what circumstances would Officer Robertson take Joe to jail? a. If Joe has just been released from a mental health facility and therefore cannot return for at least 48 hours. b. If Joe may be a danger to himself or others, and the community does not have a competent mental health facility. c. Under no circumstances—once Joe calms down, he is free to go. d. If the local mental health facility has space but refuses admission to Joe because he does not have health insurance.

b. If Joe may be a danger to himself or others, and the community does not have a competent mental health facility.

In which community is the murder rate for females 10 times the national average? a. African American b. Native American c. Asian American d. Korean American

b. Native American

Which program was launched in 1972 and allows citizens to organize themselves to keep trained eyes and ears on their communities? a. Citizen Patrols b. Neighborhood Watch c. Crime Stoppers d. Youth Crime Watch

b. Neighborhood Watch

Which program involves engraving identifying numbers onto property so that it can be returned if stolen and recovered? a. Neighborhood Watch b. Operation Identification c. Crime Stoppers d. Citizen Patrol

b. Operation Identification

What was a positive effect of the change from foot patrol to motor patrol in terms of policing? a. Police officers were less distracted and more observant. b. Police departments could respond more quickly to calls for service. c. Police officers could work alone instead of in pairs. d. There was greater contact between police officers and the community.

b. Police departments could respond more quickly to calls for service.

What is a combination of several violations, including speeding, tailgating, driving on the shoulder, and not signaling when changing lanes? a. driving while intoxicated b. aggressive driving c. swarming d. police pursuit

b. aggressive driving

Which of the following will facilitate the police in cultural awareness and understanding with various minority populations? a. affirmative action hiring of minority members b. having and conveying respect by communicating with informal community leaders c. police-community activities that convey a sense of omnipresence d. community courses to help new immigrants assimilate into U.S. culture

b. having and conveying respect by communicating with informal community leaders

Officers sometimes assume the roles and dress of ordinary citizens—construction workers, shoppers, joggers, bicyclists, people with physical disabilities, and so on—so that they can be close enough to observe and intervene should a crime occur, without first being recognized as officers. This is an example of what type of investigative technique? entrapment a sting operation blending a stakeout

blending

____________ have become increasingly common in assisting local police departments in times of tight budgets when local funding does not allow police to offer programs they may wish to provide, attend training they may find beneficial, or buy equipment that could improve the effectiveness of the police department. civil asset forfeitures fines and fees charged to defendants businesses federal grants

businesses

Studies have reported that the average citizen delay in calling the police for serious crimes was between __________. a. 2 to 4 minutes b. 15 to 20 minutes c. 5 to 10 minutes d. 20 to 30 minutes

c. 5 to 10 minutes

Who are required to register so that local, state, and federal authorities can track their whereabouts, and communities can be made aware of their presence? a. burglars b. gang members c. substance abusers d. sex offenders

d. sex offenders

Which of the following statements regarding a showup is most accurate? a. There must be at least three people who match the suspect's description present at the showup. b. A showup is constitutional only if the suspect has an attorney present. c. A showup must take place as soon after the crime as possible. d. A showup usually takes place prior to an arrest.

c. A showup must take place as soon after the crime as possible.

One popular community policing program that has been practiced around the world involves officers and residents talking together at a local McDonalds or Starbucks, for example, and is known as __________. a. Morning Greetings b. Community Cups c. Coffee with a Cop d. Breakfast Talks

c. Coffee with a Cop

What is one of the main points of the broken window model of policing? a. Broken windows detract criminals from committing crimes in certain neighborhoods. b. Fighting crime should be the primary focus of police patrol. c. Disorder in neighborhoods creates fear. d. Police cannot rely on the cooperation of the community.

c. Disorder in neighborhoods creates fear.

What was the silver platter doctrine? a. Federal prosecutors were allowed to use tainted evidence as long as a state court had ruled it "fruit of the poisoned tree." b. State prosecutors were allowed to use tainted evidence acquired by federal officers, even if a federal court had barred it. c. Federal prosecutors were allowed to use tainted evidence if it was acquired by state police officers without federal participation. d. Federal prosecutors were allowed to present fruit of the poisoned tree as evidence in court provided that it was not "tainted."

c. Federal prosecutors were allowed to use tainted evidence if it was acquired by state police officers without federal participation.

Which amendment to the Constitution contains the clause protecting citizens from being deprived of life, liberty, or property except through due process? a. First Amendment b. Eighth Amendment c. Fourteenth Amendment d. Fourth Amendmen

c. Fourteenth Amendment

What was one of the successes of the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)? a. It has reduced the amount of federal funding necessary for community policing. b. It has reduced the number of police officers necessary in participating communities. c. It has greatly increased the number of police officers in the field. d. It has eliminated the atmosphere of fear created by crime in participating communities.

c. It has greatly increased the number of police officers in the field.

Which city is often cited as having had the greatest success with community policing? a. Chicago b. Los Angeles c. New York City d. Houston

c. New York City

A man has been arrested on suspicion of kidnapping. The FBI wants to record his voice so it can be compared by an expert to the voice that made the ransom call. His attorney refuses, saying it would violate the suspect's rights. Is the attorney correct? a. No; the Supreme Court ruled that voice identification technology is too unreliable to be used as evidence in court. b. Yes; the Supreme Court ruled that recording a person's voice without permission constitutes a violation of the right to be secure in their person. c. No; the Supreme Court ruled that a suspect must provide voice exemplars for comparison with the voice spoken at the time of the crime. d. Yes; the Supreme Court ruled that recording a person's voice without permission is a violation of the Sixth Amendment right to privacy.

c. No; the Supreme Court ruled that a suspect must provide voice exemplars for comparison with the voice spoken at the time of the crime.

In which type of operation does an undercover officer make numerous purchases over time and then obtain an arrest warrant for the dealer before a team goes in to make the arrest? a. sting b. stakeout c. buy-bust d. decoy

c. buy-bust

Which term refers to gang violence and open confrontations among various segments of society, specifically the police? a. police brutality b. domestic violence c. civil unrest d. local violence

c. civil unrest

The detective division of a police department is charged with solving reported, or __________. a. unraveling them b. cracking them c. clearing them d. dispelling them

c. clearing them

The problem-oriented policing process necessitates improving various skill sets, including a formal sustained commitment to work together to accomplish a common mission, which is referred to as __________. a. classification b. collection c. collaboration d. communication

c. collaboration

Many people wrongly assume that exceptions to the need for a search warrant include __________. a. hot pursuit b. the castle doctrine c. crime scenes d. stop and frisk

c. crime scenes

How is plain view evidence defined? a. videos or photographs that contain evidence of a crime being committed b. evidence that is obviously connected to the commission of a crime c. evidence seized by police without a warrant who have the right to be in a position to observe it d. an identification made via a lineup, showup, or photo array

c. evidence seized by police without a warrant who have the right to be in a position to observe it

The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) has issued several training keys on a topic that is crucial to police-community relations to help maintain the community's faith in the police department. The topic of the IACP key trainings is __________. a. face-to-face role-play b. proper arrest procedure c. investigating police misconduct d. building the community arrest rate

c. investigating police misconduct

Community policing differs from the police-community relations concept in that it __________. a. relies on only a few leaders in a community b. does not have to involve line officers c. must be supported and practiced by an entire police department d. does not rely on full-time personnel

c. must be supported and practiced by an entire police department

O.W. Wilson's patrol ideas were designed to make the police appear to be as __________. a. necessary as possible b. punitive as possible c. omnipresent as possible d. emphatic as possible

c. omnipresent as possible

In which investigation model do detectives reinterview complainants and witnesses, respond to the scene of the crime, and search for clues and leads that could solve the crime? a. crime analysis b. mentoring c. retroactive d. intelligence-led

c. retroactive

After Officer Jackson conducts a preliminary investigation of a reported crime, she will refer the case to a detective, who will then conduct a follow-up. This follow-up is referred to as __________. a. rapid response to a call b. proactive investigation c. retroactive investigation d. random routine patrol

c. retroactive investigation

According to the Fourth Amendment, police must obtain warrants that are based on probable cause and describe the place and the person or objects involved. The Fourth Amendment prohibits unreasonable ___________. a. indictment b. arrest c. search and seizure d. suspicion

c. search and seizure

An order from a court, issued by a judge, authorizing and directing the police to search a particular place for certain property described and bring it to the court is called a(n) ___________. a. court decision b. court ruling c. search warrant d. arrest warrant

c. search warrant

Which age group experiences the lowest amount of criminal victimization? a. teens b. adults c. senior citizens d. children

c. senior citizens

The hidden surveillance of a location or person is called a __________. a. sting b. decoy c. stakeout d. blending

c. stakeout

Which type of policing represents an advanced stage of traditional policing using innovative enforcement techniques including intelligence operations, electronic surveillance, and sophisticated forensic techniques? a. community b. problem-solving c. strategic d. broken windows

c. strategic

Most courts have upheld the use of surveillance cameras, stating they are not a violation of individual's rights because __________. a. there is no specific mention of cameras in the U.S. Constitution b. most images are of such poor quality that no person can be identified with certainty c. there is no expectation of privacy in most of the locations d. of their importance in identifying criminals

c. there is no expectation of privacy in most of the locations

Regarding 911 calls, what is the moment of the crime to the arrival of the first police officer called? a. full processing time b. complete travel time c. total response time d. rapid emergency time

c. total response time

One study found that offenders who were what were 90 percent less likely to abscond or reoffend than those who were not? a. on the National Sex Offender registry b. on probation c. tracked by GPS d. given a smartphone

c. tracked by GPS

When we talk about crime, we are talking about many different and complex variables that the police generally _______ control. must cannot refuse to can

cannot

What crime prevention program seeks to educate citizens about the roles and responsibilities of police officers? crime stoppers neighborhood watch citizen police academies community emergency response team

citizen police academies

Neighborhood Watch, National Night Out, citizen patrols, citizen volunteer programs, home security surveys, police storefront stations, Crime Stoppers, mass media campaigns, chaplain programs, citizen police academies, and other programs are examples of _____________ designed to assist in the fight against crime and improve the quality of life in U.S. communities. problem-solving policing programs broken windows policing programs intelligence-gathering partnerships community crime prevention programs

community crime prevention programs

What philosophy empowers citizens and cultivates a partnership between police and community to solve problems? human relations policing broken windows policing problem-solving policing community policing

community policing

An officer must generally read Miranda warnings if which of the following two criteria are present? arrest and probable cause questioning and suspicion handcuffing and arrest custody and interrogation

custody and interrogation

One night, Lavonne made a hoax 911 call using technology that made it appear that the call was coming from her neighbor's house so that the police would show up there. This type of prank activity is known as __________. a. striking b. pranking c. clearing d. swatting

d. swatting

The majority of community members form their impression of the local police force through __________. a. public service announcements made by police chiefs b. being victimized by criminals c. marketing and public relations efforts d. the actions of the police officers they encounter

d. the actions of the police officers they encounter

Studies indicate that though texting while driving is illegal in 46 states and the District of Columbia, approximately what percentage of young people admit having sent a text while driving? a. 50 percent b. 85 percent c. 90 percent d. 70 percent

d. 70 percent

A suspect wants to speak to his mother alone in the interrogation room. When the detectives leave the room, Lt. Maxwell starts to turn off the video camera, but Sgt. Franz stops him. Maxwell says they have to turn off the camera or they will violate the suspect's right to privacy. Franz says Maxwell is wrong, and they might get a taped confession by leaving the camera running. Who is correct? a. Maxwell is correct. It is a violation of the Sixth Amendment to leave the camera recording. b. Both are correct. It is a violation of the Fifth Amendment to leave the camera recording, but only if the tape is later used in court. c. Both are incorrect. The tape will not be admissible in court because it violates the Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination, not the Sixth Amendment right to privacy. d. Franz is correct. There is no expectation of privacy in a police interrogation room.

d. Franz is correct. There is no expectation of privacy in a police interrogation room.

What is the difference between police human relations and police public relations? a. There is no difference between human relations and public relations with regard to the police. b. Human relations is about creating a favorable image of oneself to another individual; public relations is about creating a favorable image of oneself to the general public. c. Police engage in public relations efforts, but not in human relations efforts. d. Human relations is about how one treats others; public relations attempts to create a favorable image of someone or some group.

d. Human relations is about how one treats others; public relations attempts to create a favorable image of someone or some group.

What is the purpose of the proposal called Managing Criminal Investigations (MCI)? a. MCI identifies challenges faced by law enforcement personnel during a sniper incident. b. MCI recommends using data analysis to focus police efforts on the most harmful incidents and offenders. c. MCI considers the value of investigative units that reexamine old cases that have remained unsolved. d. MCI is series of guidelines that recommend expanding the role of patrol officers.

d. MCI is series of guidelines that recommend expanding the role of patrol officers.

Malcolm, a 28-year-old African American man, is walking down the street on his way to his job at an insurance office. A uniformed police officer tells Malcolm to stop and begins to pat him down. When Malcolm asks why he is being stopped, the police officer tells him to shut up. After checking the name on Malcolm's driver's license, the officer tells Malcolm he is free to go. Does this stop fit the requirements of a Terry stop? a. Yes; the police officer is entitled to conduct a search to discover weapons which might be used to assault him. b. No; the police officer did not find anything incriminating, such as drugs or a gun, during the search. c d. No; the police officer did not observe conduct that could lead him to conclude that criminal activity was afoot and did not make a reasonable inquiry.

d. No; the police officer did not observe conduct that could lead him to conclude that criminal activity was afoot and did not make a reasonable inquiry.

Which program gave police officers 50 percent discounts to buy federally foreclosed homes in low-income neighborhoods if they agreed to live in the homes for at least three years? a. Neighborhood Officer b. Community Police Initiative c. Resident Police d. Officer Next Door

d. Officer Next Door

What happens during the response phase of problem-oriented policing? a. Officers use information they collected to come up with solutions to the problem. b. Officers discuss incidents as problems to which the police must respond. c. Officers evaluate the effectiveness of their response to the problem. d. Officers prepare a program of action suitable to the problem.

d. Officers prepare a program of action suitable to the problem.

Until the 1970s, most of what we knew about patrol was found in the classic book by O. W. Wilson and Roy Clinton McLaren called __________. a. The 24-Hour Shift b. Local Omnipresence c. Patrolling the Neighborhood Beat d. Police Administration

d. Police Administration

Why did the Court rule that being sniffed by a trained drug dog did NOT constitute an unreasonable search? a. The dog's sniff is intrusive but is necessary to find contraband. b. The dog's sniff may lead to police to discover other crimes beyond drug possession. c. The dog's sniff is not admissible in a court of law as evidence. d. The dog's sniff is not intrusive and only reveals the presence of contraband.

d. The dog's sniff is not intrusive and only reveals the presence of contraband.

Why would the concept of split-force patrol be very unpopular in today's economic climate? a. The officers on directed patrol assignments would be constantly interrupted. b. If emergencies arose, only those officers working the calls would be assigned directed patrol. c. Officers would not be able to pay attention to specific crimes when not on assignment from the dispatcher. d. The officers that would handle the calls for service all the time would feel resentment.

d. The officers that would handle the calls for service all the time would feel resentment.

When foot patrol is added to neighborhoods, which of the following statements is most accurate? a. Levels of fear increase significantly. b. Citizen satisfaction with the police decreases. c. The police have less appreciation for the values of the citizens there. d. The police have greater job satisfaction.

d. The police have greater job satisfaction.

A larger number of uniformed officers than normal are assigned to a particular area to deal with a particular crime problem when __________. a. SPR are used b. an aggressive patrol is used c. a crackdown is used d. a saturation patrol is used

d. a saturation patrol is used

One way a repeat offender program can be operated is through __________, where a detective assists the arresting officer to prepare the case against a career criminal. a. PERF (Police Executive Research Forum) reports b. surveillance techniques c. decoy operations d. case enhancement

d. case enhancement

What type of police relations encompasses actions initiated by the police or by community members, whether positive or negative? a. human relations b. public relations c. social relations d. community relations

d. community relations

How is reasonable force defined? a. any force used by a police officer during the process of pursuing, apprehending, or arresting a suspect b. any amount of force that the police officer believes to be necessary at the time of an arrest c. any force used by police before, during, or after an arrest to elicit a confession from a suspect d. the amount of force necessary for a police officer to overcome resistance by a person being arrested

d. the amount of force necessary for a police officer to overcome resistance by a person being arrested

What is the purpose of the organization called Ignitus Worldwide? a. to educate children in online safety, antibullying, and choosing good role models b. to prevent drug abuse among school-aged children c. to keep middle school and high school students out of gangs d. to mobilize and empower youth in their communities

d. to mobilize and empower youth in their communities

Oakfield police department varies its response to calls for service according to the type and severity of call. This is a(n) _____________ response to calls for service. differential limited retroactive inefficient

differential

What clause in the Constitution requires the government to go through the proper legal processes before depriving a citizen of the United States of life, liberty, or property? castle doctrine exclusionary rule due process clause poisoned tree doctrine

due process clause

One way that police can operate an ROP (repeat offender program) is through case __________. If the case is __________, an experienced detective assists the arresting officer in preparing the case for presentation in court and debriefs the suspect to obtain further information. entrapment; entrapped escalation; escalated enhancement; enhanced selection; selected

enhancement; enhanced

What is defined as inducing an individual to violate a criminal statute he or she did not contemplate violating, for the sole purpose of arrest and criminal prosecution? entrapment sting operation undercover operation solvability

entrapment

Which of these would be the least effective approach to solving crimes? directing patrol officers to conduct thorough preliminary investigations exhaustive retroactive investigation of past crimes by detectives police/prosecutor coordination case screening based on solvability factors

exhaustive retroactive investigation of past crimes by detectives

What exception to the search requirement justifies police officers following a fleeing suspect into a private residence? plain view exigent circumstances open fields stop and frisk

exigent circumstances

One of the downsides to stakeouts is that they are __________. expensive ineffective boring based on tips

expensive

When foot patrol is added to neighborhoods, which of the following statements is most accurate? fear of crime falls crime rates tend to decrease officers develop more cynicism for the residents there citizens feel harassed more often

fear of crime falls

Which of the following is true about a typical police pursuit? it ends in a crash it occurs during the day it covers 10-20 miles it starts as a traffic violation

it starts as a traffic violation

What process would the court system use to determine if an interrogation is constitutional? probable cause hearing habeus corpus executive appeal or pardon judicial review

judicial review

In a democratic society, the police must have broad and active public acceptance and support to be __________. legitimate accredited trustworthy efficient

legitimate

What method do old detectives use to informally train new detectives or patrol officers in detective work? intelligence-led policing investigations academy mentoring field training

mentoring

As demographics in the United States are changing, it is more important for police officers than ever to have __________. training on persuasion and neuro-linguistic programming a border wall translation apps multicultural understanding

multicultural understanding

Community policing differs from the police-community relations concept in that it __________. involves specialized Community Policing Officers (CPOs) does not rely on full-time personnel prioritizes only a few community leaders must be supported and practiced by an entire police department

must be supported and practiced by an entire police department

Using a canine to sniff a person's luggage at the airport requires neither probable cause nor a warrant a warrant but not probable cause probable cause but not a warrant both probable cause and a warrant

neither probable cause nor a warrant

What is the most expensive part of a police department's budget? vehicles weapons personnel emergency equipment

personnel

When we say that one of the goals of police patrol is omnipresence, we mean police must intimately know the community so they can better solve crimes police must seem to be everywhere all the time to deter crime police must respond to all calls for service as swiftly as possible police must arrive with backup so they appear to be undefeatable

police must intimately know the community so they can better solve crimes

What is the name given to activities performed by police agencies to create a favorable image of themselves? image management human relations social engineering police-public relations

police-public relations

Which of the following is true of methods like community policing? policing is focused on the criminal act officers are reactive discretion is limited power is de-centralized

power is de-centralized

If a police chief believes that the police should not just respond to incident after incident, but rather focus on the problems that cause the incidents, what type of policing do they support? community policing hot spots policing intelligence-led policing problem-solving policing

problem-solving policing

The SARA model would be used in community-oriented policing problem-solving policing broken windows policing random routine patrol

problem-solving policing

Which type of policing represents an advanced stage of traditional policing using innovative enforcement techniques including intelligence operations, electronic surveillance, and sophisticated forensic techniques? strategic policing broken windows policing community policing problem-solving policing

strategic policing

The exclusionary rule is an interpretation of which amendment to the Constitution? the Fourteenth Amendment The Fifth Amendment the First Amendment the Sixth Amendment

the Fourteenth Amendment

The majority of community members form their impression of the local police force through __________. experiences of victimization press releases and public service announcements the actions of the police officers they encounter marketing and public relations efforts

the actions of the police officers they encounter

The Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment directly contributed to the adoption of mandatory arrest laws around the country. the creation of the first domestic violence shelters. an increase in domestic violence calls to police. an improved public image.

the adoption of mandatory arrest laws around the country.

What specialized policing response to people with mental illnesses involves partnering officers with mental health professionals on calls to a person with mental illness? the crisis intervention team model the co-responder model the response planning and de-escalation and referral model the saturation patrol model

the crisis intervention team model

Who is the most important person in terms of improving police-community relations? the shift supervisor (usually a Sergeant) the individual officer the chief or sheriff the citizen

the individual officer

Most courts have upheld the use of surveillance cameras, stating they are not a violation of individual's rights because __________. of their importance in identifying criminals there is no specific mention of cameras in the U.S. Constitution most images are of such poor quality that no person can be identified with certainty there is no expectation of privacy in most places

there is no expectation of privacy in most places

The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that police departments should ____________. investigate violent persons crimes and not property crimes hire specialists rather than detectives for very serious or complex investigations prioritize cold cases use more patrol officers to investigate crimes

use more patrol officers to investigate crimes