Criminal Justice Process FINAL EXAM

An arraignment, a bail hearing, or a trial for a felony offense would be conducted at which tier of a state court system? a. trial court of general jurisdiction b. intermediate appellate court c. court of last resort d. trial court of limited jurisdiction

a trial court of general jurisdiction

How many regional intermediate appellate courts are there in the Unites States Court of Appeals? a. 12 b. 6 c. 1 d. 10

a. 12

Juries in most states are composed of how many members? a. 12 b. 23 c. 6 d. 8

a. 12

How many states have intermediate appellate courts? a. 39 b. 1 c. 15 d. 50

a. 39

A criminal offense that is punishable by death or by incarceration in a prison facility for at least one year is called a(n) a. felony b. offense c. misdemeanor d. infraction

a. felony

_____ is the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders a. Criminology b. Forensics c. Victimology d. Criminal justice

a. Criminology

Unreasonable searches and seizures are prohibited by the a. Fourth Amendment b. equality statue. c. protection clause. c. Fifth Amendment.

a. Fourth Amendment

_____ are generally more serious than _____, nut less serious than _____. a. Misdemeanors; offenses; felonies. b. Felonies; misdemeanors; offenses. c. Misdemeanors; felonies; offenses. d. Offenses; misdemeanors; felonies.

a. Misdemeanors; offenses; felonies.

Where is the nation's largest law enforcement agency, with about 38,000 sworn officers? a. New York b. Miami c. Chicago d. Los Angeles

a. New York

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the reform era of American policing? a. Police stressed their role of service to the community b. It lasted from the 1930s to the 1970s c. Police prided themselves on being professional crime fighters d. Police focused most of their resources on fighting "traditions" crimes

a. Police stressed their role of service to the community

Which U.S. Supreme Court case established the right of counsel for indigent defendants in federal court proceedings? a. Powell v. Alabama b. Argersinger v. Hamlin c. Johnson v. Zerbst d. Gideon v. Wainwright

a. Powell v. Alabama

Emphasizes increased capacity to deal with crimes that are not well controlled by other methods? a. Strategic Policing b. Problem Solving Policing c. Community Policing d. Crime Prevention Policing

a. Strategic Policing

Which statement is false regarding the role of the judge in the courtroom work group? a. The judge is responsible for presenting the state's case against the defendant. b. If a guilty verdict has been returned, the judge is responsible for imposing a sentence. c. The judge holds ultimate authority in ruling on matters of law. d. The primary duty of a judge is to ensure justice.

a. The judge is responsible for presenting the state's case against the defendant.

Criminal defendants had most of the responsibility of demonstrating that the police went beyond the law in the performance of their duties during which court? a. Warren Burger b. Earl Warren c. John Ashcroft d. James Jones

a. Warren Burger

What is the best way to describe police subculture? a. a particular set of values characteristic of the police b. the characteristics that officers bring to the job c. the borrowing of norms and behaviors by officers from society d. groups of deviant officers who mask their illegal activity

a. a particular set of values characteristic of the police

Courts that have the authority to review a decision made by a lower court are said to have a. appellate jurisdiction b. original jurisdiction c. oversight jurisdiction d. mandatory jurisdiction

a. appellate jurisdiction

In the criminal justice process, a(n) _____ has to occur before a(n) _____ can take place. a. arrest; booking. b. first appearance; arrest. c. sentence; trial. d. trial, arraignment.

a. arrest; booking.

In 1979, _____ was the eighth index crime to be added to the UCR's Crime Index. a. arson b. motor vehicle theft c. robbery d.murder

a. arson

Court-appointed defense attorneys whose fees are paid at a set rate by local or state government are also called a. assigned counsel b. contract attorney c. public defense counsel d. private counsel

a. assigned counsel

Which of the following is not another name for a prosecuting attorney? a. assigned counsel b. solicitor c. state's attorney d. district attorney

a. assigned counsel

One purpose of _____ is to help ensure the reappearance of the accused at trial. a. bail b. dispute resolution c. plea bargaining d. appellate review

a. bail

A motion for _____ asks the court to move the trial to some other location to ensure the defendant receives a fair trial. a. change in venue b. dismissal of charges c. severance o offenses d. suppression of evidence

a. change in venue

Evidence that requires interpretation or that requires a judge or jury to reach a conclusion based on what the evidence indicates is called a. circumstantial evidence b. probative value c. real evidence d. direct evidence

a. circumstantial evidence

Which of the following refers to a traditional body of unwritten legal precedents created from everyday social customs, rules and practices? a. common law b. statuary law c. law of the land d. case law

a. common law

Which model assumes that the system's sub components work together harmoniously to achieve the social product we call justice? a. consensus model b. crime-control model c. criminal justice model d. conflict model

a. consensus model

The body of rules and regulations that define and specify the nature of punishments for offenses of a public nature for wrongs committed against the state or society is called a. criminal law. b. procedural law. c. administrative law. d. civil law.

a. criminal law.

The most cited reason why rape victims may not report crimes is a. embarrassment about the crime itself b. a fear of reprisal c. the belief that the police cant do anything about it d. exploitation by the criminal justice system

a. embarrassment about the crime itself

Which of the following represents the order of the steps in a criminal trial? a. jury selection, trial initiation, opening statements, presentation of the evidence, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict b. trial initiation, jury selection, opening statements, presentation of the evidence, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict c. trial initiation, opening statements, jury selection, presentation of the evidence, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict d. trial initiation, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict

a. jury selection, trial initiation, opening statements, presentation of the evidence, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict

Nonexpert witnesses who are called to testify about a crime they observed are known as a. lay witnesses b. potential witnesses c. impartial witnesses d. expert witnesses

a. lay witnesses

What type of plea is most similar to a guilty plea? a. nolo contendere b. not guilty c. insanity d. competency

a. nolo contendere

Community policing is best characterized by which of the following? a. providing service to citizens b. providing assistance to federal agencies c. providing strict law enforcement to communities d. police officers being primarily concerned with political interests

a. providing service to citizens

Manipulative actions by police interviewers, designed to pressure suspects to divulge information, that are based on subtle forms of intimidation and control a. psychological manipulation b. good police tactics c. good faith d. in depth interview

a. psychological manipulation

The most widely used system of indigent defense is a. public defender programs b. court-appointed defense attorneys c. merit appointment programs d. contract attorney programs

a. public defender programs

Mens rea is most clearly present when a person acts a. purposefully and knowingly. b. recklessly. c. negligently. d. accidentally.

a. purposefully and knowingly.

Police-community relations (PCR) as a police practice a. recognizes that the police derive their legitimacy from the community they serve b. emphasizes the need for less citizen participation in law enforcement c. emerged during the 1930s d. has been used exclusively in metropolitan areas.

a. recognizes that the police derive their legitimacy from the community they serve

The maxim that an orderly society must be governed by established principles. a. rule of law. b. inchoate. c. codification. d. stare decisis.

a. rule of law.

Which local law enforcement official is responsible for serving court paper, maintaining the security within the courtroom, and running the county jail? a. sheriff b. police chief c. precinct captain d. prosecutor

a. sheriff

Criminal justice refers to the aspects of _____ that concern violations of criminal law. a. social justice b. civil justice c. corporate justice d. administrative justice

a. social justice

The principal of recognizing previous decisions as precedents to guide future deliberations is called a. stare decisis. b. corpus delicti. c. actus rea. d. mens rea.

a. stare decisis.

Which type of law is enacted by a government body or agency having the power to make law? a. statutory law b. natural law c. procedural law d. administrative law

a. statutory law

Murder, rape, and robbery all fall under what branch of modern law? a. substantive criminal law b. common law c. administrative law d. procedural criminal law

a. substantive criminal law

Which policing strategy reorganizes conventional patrol strategies into integrated and versatile police teams assigned to a fixed district? a. team policing. b. community policing. c. problem-solving policing. d. strategic policing.

a. team policing.

Criminal justice involves all of the following elements except a. the array of procedures and activities having to do with private rights and remedies sought by civil action. b. the criminal law. c. the law of criminal procedure. d. the array of procedures and activities having to do with the enforcement of the criminal law.

a. the array of procedures and activities having to do with private rights and remedies sought by civil action.

All of the following are considered professionals in the courtroom work group except a. the victim b. the judge c. the defense attorney d. the prosecuting attorney

a. the victim

On appeal, when trial court of general jurisdiction offers a new trial instead of the review of the lower court's decision, it is giving a a. trial de novo b. trial contendere c. trial delicti d. trial en abstinence

a. tial de novo

What is the primary purpose of the preliminary hearing? a. to give the defendant the opportunity to challenge the legal basis for his or her detention b. to set a trial date c. to provide an opportunity to make a plea d. to revisit bail/release decision

a. to give a defendant the opportunity to challenge the legal basis for his or her detention

Bernard Madoff's operation of a Ponzi scheme is an example of a. white collar crime. b. terrorism. c. multiculturalism. d. the conflict model.

a. white collar crime.

States that followed the federal court model have how many tiers? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d.5

b. 3

Which type of law covers practices in the areas of customs, immigration, and product safety? a. procedural law b. administrative c. natural law d. criminal law

b. administrative law

Which of the following agencies is responsible for compoling the NCVS? a. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency(OJJD) b. Bureau Of Justice Statistics(BJS) c. Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) d. local police departments

b. Bureau Of Justice Statistics

A crime-analysis and police-management process built on crime mapping that was developed by NYPD in the mid- 1990s a. SPSS b. COMPSTAT c. STATA d. PERF

b. COMPSTAT

During which Supreme Court Justice's tenure did the rights of the individuals expand dramatically? a. Warren Burger b. Earl Warren c. John Ashcroft d. William Rehnquist

b. Earl Warren

A multiagency law enforcement facility designed to enhance cooperative efforts through a coordinated process for collecting, sharing, and analyzing information in order to develop actionable intelligence a. PERF b. Fusion Centers c. UCR d. CompStat

b. Fusion Centers

The application of social science techniques to the study of police administration for the purpose of increasing effectiveness, reducing the frequency of citizen complaints, and enhancing the efficient use of available resources a. COMPSTAT b. Scientific Police Management c. PERF d. SPSS

b. Scientific Police Management

The FBI headquarters is located in which location? a. Chicago b. Washington, D.C. c. Boston d. New York City

b. Washington, D.C.

Who is responsible for swearing in witnesses? a. clerk of court b. bailiff c. court recorder d. judge

b. bailiff

The unbroken line of authority that extends through all levels of an organization, from the highest to the lowest a. hierarchy b. chain of command c. line of operations d. organizational command

b. chain of command

Some authors have warned that the police subculture focuses almost exclusively on a. community relations b. crime fighting c. public relations d. personality improvement

b. crime fighting

The Uniform Crime Reporting Program is based on a. interviews with the general population. b. crimes reported to the police. c. surveys conducted by the Gallup Poll organization. d. surveys conducted by the police department.

b. crimes reported by the police.

Which of the following is not a justification for emergency warrantless searches? a. danger of the removal or destruction of evidence b. danger to property c. danger to life d. danger of escape

b. danger to property

Which of the following advocates would support the protection of personal freedoms and civil rights? a. crime-control advocates. b. due process advocates. c. public-order advocates. d. individual-rights advocates.

b. due process advocates.

Which of the following terms means procedural fairness? a. appeals process. b. due process. c. criminal justice process. d. crime-control process.

b. due process.

What term describes an offense not yet completed? a. postulates b. inchoate. c. treason. d. precedent.

b. inchoate.

What type of cases are recognizable by the fact that they produce substantial changes in both the understanding of sue process and in the practical day-to-day operations of the justice system? a. sensational cases b. landmark cases c. crucial cases d. celebrated cases

b. landmark cases

Which of the following elements of crime means "guilty mind"? a. actus reus b. mens rea c. corpus delicit d. stare decisis

b. mens rea

The intentional making of a false statement as part of the testimony by a sworn witness in a judicial proceeding is called a. direct evidence b. perjury c. hearsay d. exculpatory evidence

b. perjury

A neighborhood resource officer asks residents to clean up litter, remove graffiti, and install better lighting in a nearby park that is known for extensive drug dealing. Such a request is characteristic of what type of policing? a. strategic b. problem-solving c. rural d. crime-fighting

b. problem-solving

Involve acts that create physical disorder or that reflect social decay a. the cessation of hate crimes b. quality of life offenses c. rising violent crime in American cities d. rising property crime by older Americans

b. quality of life offenses

Release on recognizance a. results in a no-show rate to higher than 50% b. results in the defendants release based on a guarantee that a defendant provides in writing c. requires a 10% cash bond d. results in the pretrial detention of a suspect

b. results in the defendants release based on a guarantee that a defendant provides in writing

The unlawful taking or attempted taking of property that is in the immediate possession of another, by force or the threat of force, is known as a. larceny-theft. b. robbery. c. burglary. d. aggravated assault.

b. robbery.

Who keeps order in the courtroom and announces the judge's entry to the courtroom? a. the court recorder b. the bailiff c. the clerk of court d. a local court administrator

b. the bailiff

In what era of policing did police departments focus most of their resources on solving "traditional" crimes such as murder and rape? a. the community policing era. b. the reform era. c. the political era. d. the strategic era.

b. the reform era.

What term describes a nonviolent crime for financial gain, utilizing deception and committed by anyone having special technical and professional knowledge of business and government, irrespective of the person'c occupation? a. corporate crime. b. white-collar crime. c. identity theft. d. computer crime.

b. white-collar crime.

Which U.S. Supreme Court case established the right to counsel for juvenile defendants? a. Argersinger v. Hamlin b. In re Gault c. Gideon v. Wainwright d. Powell v. Alabama

c In re Gault

What federal legislation allows federal judges to deny bail to persons who are thought to be dangerous? a. 1990 Alternatives to Release Act b. 1974 Omnibus Crime Control Act c. 1984 Federal Bail Reform Act d. 1984 Federal Pretrial Release Act

c. 1984 Federal Bail Reform Act

The is/are _____ district court(s) in the federal court system. a. 64 b. 14 c. 94 d. 1

c. 94

Popular name given to the first 10 Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which are considered especially important in the processing of the accused. a. Rules of Law b. Case Law c. Bill of Rights d. State Statutes

c. Bill of Rights

Draws clear distinction between traffic enforcement on state highways and other state level law enforcement functions by creating at least two separate agencies a. Strategic Policing b. Problem Solving Policing c. Decentralized Model of Policing d. Centralized Model of Policing

c. Decentralized Model of Policing

_____ is the philosophy of law. a. Common law b. The Penal Code c. Jurisprudence d. The Magna Carta

c. Jurisprudence

The first large-scale scientific study of law enforcement practices a. Chicago Experiment b. New York Experiment c. Kansas City Experiment d. Boston Experiment

c. Kansas City Experiment

An incident-based reporting system that collects detailed data on every single crime occurrence is called a a. crime clock b. crime index c. NIBRS d. UCR

c. NBRS

A state misdemeanor case is likely to start in a. a trial court of limited jurisdiction b. a trial court of general jurisdiction c. a district court d. an appellate court

c. a district court

Which of the following is not an element of crime? a. the concurrence of act and intent. b. motive. c. actus reus. d. mens rea.

c. actus reus.

Which of the following is not an element of community policing? a. emphasis on nonemergency services b. increased police accountability to the public c. centralization of command d. community-based crime prevention

c. centralization of command

A centralized law enforcement agency a. has only one headquarters. b. is characteristic in the Southern Unites States. c. combines criminal investigations with patrol of state highways. d. all of the above.

c. combines criminal investigations with patrol of stat highways.

Clearances are based primarily on a. charges filed. b. arrests. c. convictions. d. judicial dispositions.

c. convictions.

Who creates a record of all that occurs during the trial? a. court administrator b. media reporter c. court reporter d. bailiff

c. court reporter

Which of the following is not a responsibility of a bailiff? a. announce the judge's entry into the courtroom b. call witnesses c. cross-examine witnesses d. ensure order in the courtroom

c. cross-examine witnesses

Bob had his wallet stolen while he was eating lunch at a university cafeteria. When the man who stole his wallet was caught, Bob opted to resolve the disagreement informally. The disposition of his case was probably heard at a(n) a. victim assistance center b. criminal justice center c. dispute-resolution center d. alternative justice center

c. dispute-resolution center

Which of the following is not one of the three major levels of law enforcement? a. federal b. local c. district d. state

c. district

This rule requires hat incriminating evidence be seized by police according to the constitutional specifications of due process or it will not be allowed as evidence in court. a. seizure rule. b. due process rule. c. exclusionary rule. d. procedural rule.

c. exclusionary rule.

One study indicates that prosecutors have a "built in" tendency to be lenient toward _____ defendants but discriminate against _____ defendants. a. male; female b. minority; female c. female; minority d. minority; male

c. female; minority

A criminal offense committed against a person, property, or society that is motivated, in whole or in part, by the offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin is called a. cyberterrorism. b. organized crime. c. hate crime. d. stalking

c. hate crime.

The modern justice process begins with a. trial. b. sentencing. c. investigation. d. arrest.

c. investigation.

Which of the following terms is defined as the principle of fairness or the ideal of moral equity? a. individual right. b. social control. c. justice. d. due process.

c. justice.

If state troopers were instructed to write a ticket for any motorist going 1 mph over the speed limit, one could argue that this department as operation under what style of policing? a. watchman. b. reform. c. legalistic. d. service.

c. legalistic.

Which Part I offense is least likely to occur? a. motor vehicle theft. b. assault. c. murder. d. larceny-theft.

c. murder.

During a trial, the _____ stage happens before the _____ stage, but after the _____ stage. a. closing statement, opening statement, jury selection b. jury selection, opening statement, closing argument c. opening statement, closing statement, jury selection d. presentation of witnesses, opening statement, closing statement

c. opening statement, closing statement, jury selection

An officer knocks on the door of a suspected drug dealer, who invites the officer into the house. While in the kitchen, the officer notices a marijuana plant on the windowsill. The officer may legally seize the plant under the _____ doctrine. a. emergency search of property b. good-faith c. plain-view d. emergency search of a person

c. plain-view

The administrative activities of controlling, directing, and coordination police personnel, resources, and activities is known as a. staff operations b. line operations c. police management d. human resources

c. police management

The political era of American policing was characterized by a. police officers running for political office b. police, citizens and politicians developing a close working relationship c. police serving the interests of politicians d. politicians funding police research

c. police serving the interests of politicians

The legal principle that ensures that previous judicial decisions are authoritatively considered and incorporated into future cases is called a. ex post facto b. jurisprudence c. precedent d. justification

c. precedent

Research done by the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) points to a. the cessation of hate crimes. b. a decrease in police corruption. c. rising violet crime in American cities. d. rising property crime by older Americans.

c. rising violet crime in American cities.

The main objective of a civil lawsuit is to a. punish a wrongdoer. b. deter others from committing a similar offense. c. seek compensation. d. protect society.

c. seek compensation.

Due Process requires all of the options mentioned except which one? a. arrest b. evidence and investigation c. sentencing d. interrogation

c. sentencing

A jury that is isolated from the public has been a. challenged b. subpoenaed c. sequestered d. preempted

c. sequestered

A defendant would be entitled to counsel if she were too poor to afford an attorney in each of the following situations except if a. she were charged with a misdemeanor with a maximum penalty of six months in jail b. she were charged with a felony c. she were charged with a capital crime d. she were charged with a misdemeanor with a maximum penalty of a $100 fine

c. she were charged with a capital crime

The dual-court system consists on a. drug and gun courts b. felony and misdemeanor courts c. state and federal courts d. trial and appellate courts

c. state and federal courts

Which agency would not be encompassed by the term local police? a. sheriff's office b. campus police c. state police d. municipal department

c. state police

UCR/NIBRS terminology may differ from _____ definitions of crime. a. statistical reporting b. the UCR Program's c. statutory d. the FBI's

c. statutory

A written order issued by a judicial officer requiring an individual to appear in court is called a a. warrant b. motion c. subpoena d. verdict

c. subpoena

One purpose of _____ is to provide an opportunity for bail. a. arrest b. the preliminary hearing c. the first appearance before the judge d. the booking stage

c. the first appearance before the judge

Who returns an indictment? a. the judge b. the arresting police officer c. the grand jury d. the prosecutor

c. the grand jury

Which work group member has the responsibility of demonstrating to a jury that a defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt? a. the bailiff b. the judge c. the prosecutor d. the defense attorney

c. the prosecutor

Which stage of the criminal justice process is an adversarial process that pits the prosecution against the defense? a. arrest. b. first appearance. c. trial. d. corrections.

c. trial.

The National Crime Victimization Survey does not include information about which crime? a. burglary. b. robbery. c. victimless crime. d. crime typology.

c. victimless crime.

What study tested the effectiveness of the release-on-recognizance alternative? a. Manhattan Bail Project b. Philadelphia Freedom Project c. New Haven Reform Study d. Bail Reform Study

d. Bail Reform Study

In which court would a felony trial be held in the federal; court system? a. United States Supreme Court b. United States Magistrates Court c. Court of Appeals d. District Court

d. District Court

What federal agency is responsible for managing the database of DNA profiles? a. Drug Enforcement Administration b. The League of Scientists c. U.S. Customs d. Federal Bureau of Investigation

d. Federal Bureau of Investigation

Which Amendment protects against self-incrimination? a. Fourth b. Eighth c. First d. Fifth

d. Fifth

The FBI headquarters are named after a. Roscoe Pound b. Robert Peel c. Henry Fielding d. J. Edgar Hoover

d. J. Edgar Hoover

_____ is when law enforcement officers exercise choice while carrying out their duties. a. Police presence. b. Legal input. c. Directed patrol. d. Police discretion.

d. Police discretion.

Jake and Mary are married and own their home. The police come to the house and ask for permission to search the house for drugs. Jake gives his consent to the search, but Mary says no because she has hidden some drugs in the kitchen. The police come in and search, over Mary's objection, since Jake said it was okay, They find Mary's drugs. a. The drugs can be used at Mary's trial because the police had Jake's consent to search the house. b.The drugs can be used at Mary's trial because the exclusionary rule does not apply in drug cases. c. The drugs cannot be used at Mary's trial because the police violated the plain-view doctrine. d. The drugs cannot be used at Mary's trial because she did not consent to the search.

d. The drugs cannot be used at Mary's trial because she did not consent to the search.

Which of the following does not occur at the first appearance? a. a defendant is afforded the opportunity for bail. b. a defendant is advised of his or her rights. c. a defendant is given formal notice of the charges. d. a defendant has the opportunity to cross examine witnesses.

d. a defendant has the opportunity to cross examine witnesses.

Probable cause is... a. a precedent-setting term concerned with the use of undercover operations. b. a police procedural issue concerned with the use of deadly force. c. a legal explanation for the use of interrogation as a means to elicit a confession. d. a legal criterion residing in a set of facts that cause a reasonable person to believe that a person committed a specific crime.

d. a legal criterion residing in a set of facts that cause a reasonable person to believe that a person committed a specific crime.

The _____ is a two-sided structure under which the American criminal trial court operates that pits the prosecution against the defense. a. traditional system b. continuance system c. justice dues system d. adversarial system

d. adversarial system

A writ of certiorari a. asks the court to free somebody who has been wrongfully convicted b. is Latin for an affidavit. c. allows officers to search a suspect's home. d. allows appellate courts to review the record of a lower court case.

d. allows appellate courts to review the record of a lower court case.

All of the following are outsiders to the courtroom work group except a. defendants b. victims c. lay witnesses d. bailiff

d. bailiff

The most important form of proprietorial discretion lies in the power to a. plea bargain b. schedule cases c. make sentencing recommendations d. charge or not charge a person with an offense

d. charge or not charge a person with an offense

What term describes a classification of crimes along a particular dimension, such as legal catagories, offender motivation, victim behavior, or the characteristics of individual offenders? a. crime mapping. b. crime profiling. c. crime analysis. d. crime typology.

d. crime typology.

A BJS survey found the majority of both state- and county-based public defender offices: a. employed private attorneys b. had appropriate sized caseloads c. paid their attorneys over $80,000 a year d. employed substantially fewer than needed support staff

d. employed substantially fewer than needed support staff

The use of the best available research on the outcomes of police work to implement guidelines and evaluate agencies, units, and officers a. research data b. strategic policing c. community policing d. evidence-based policing

d. evidence-based policing

The bail decision is made at what stage of the court phase? a. preliminary hearing b. arraignment c. grad jury hearing d. first appearance

d. first appearance

Each of the following are Part 1 offenses except a. robbery b. murder c. forcible rape d. fraud

d. fraud

A legal principle that excludes from introduction at trial any evidence later developed as a result of an illegal search or seizure is called a. good-faith evidence b. compelling evidence c. latent evidence d. fruit of the poisoned tree doctrine

d. fruit of the poisoned tree doctrine

According to the National Crime Victimization Survey, the elderly a. have the highest rate of crime victimization of any age group. b. fear crime less than other age groups. c. are more likely to attempt to protect themselves from violent criminals than other age groups. d. have the lowest rate of victimization of any age group.

d. have the lowest rate of victimization of any age group.

An offender who has served a portion of a prison sentence may be freed on a. probation. b. bail. c. recognizance. d. parole.

d. parole.

What term describes an attorney who works for a law firm? a. contract employee b. public defender c. prosecuting attorney d. private attorney

d. private attorney

Which one is not a basic purpose of police? a. enforce the law b. apprehend offenders c. preserve the peace d. protect politicians

d. protect politicians

The _____ system relies on full-time/ salaried staff. a. private counsel b. contract attorney c. assigned counsel d. public defender

d. public defender

Which of the following advocates would support the interests of society over those of an individual? a. due process advocates. b. individual-rights advocates. c. consensus model advocates. d. public-order advocates.

d. public order advocates.

Approximately 50% of hate crimes are motivated by _____ bias. a. religious b. gender c. sexual orientation d. racial

d. racial

The role of a defense attorney includes all except which of the following? a. testing the strength of the prosecution's case b. appealing a conviction c. representing the accused d. representing the state

d. representing the state

Which of the following violations is not a misdemeanor? a. disorderly conduct b. petty theft c. simple assault d. robbery

d. robbery

_____ are the elected chief officer of a county law enforcement agency a. Police Chiefs b. Detectives c. FBI Agents d. Sheriffs

d. sheriffsq

The number of police personnel or the number of units supervised by a particular officer is known as a. command control b. supervisory responsibilities c. day to day operations d. span of control

d. span of control

Semipermanent assignment of officers to particular neighborhoods is called a. intensive policing b. partner policing c. block policing d. team policing

d. team policing

All of the following are true statements about the United States Supreme Court except a. once confirmed, a justice serves an eight-year term b. the Supreme Court is the highest court in the federal court system c. nine justices serve on the court d. Supreme Court has limited original jurisdiction.

d. the Supreme Court has limited original jurisdiction.

In its written form, the criminal law is also known as a. jurisprudence. b. civil law. c. mens rea. d. the penal code.

d. the penal code.

Which policing style was in use when the Rodney King beating occurred in Los Angeles? a. reform b. legalistic c. service d. watchman

d. watchman