Criminal Justice Test 4
What was the approximate prevalence of any drug dependence or abuse among state and federal prisoners in 2004?
45-55 percent
Approximately what percentage of female inmates are mothers?
65 percent
The most important action that prison staff can take to control gangs is to ignore gang activity till it reaches a flashpoint.
False
Which of the following is a necessary condition for Prison Industry Enhancement Certification Program to allow for the sale of prison goods on the open market?
Funds for victim assistance programs should be collected
In which Supreme Court case did the court determine that inmate privacy was not a valid reason to refuse hiring women as correctional officers?
Gunther v. Iowa
Which of the following is true regarding religious programs in prison?
Religious services are often coordinated by one or two full-time chaplains who provide religious guidance for prisoners
All prisons have a rule against any type of sexual behavior between inmates.
True
Many prison gangs started as an extension of street gangs.
True
Federal courts have always been involved in correctional management issues.
false
Furman v. Georgia effectively constituted a ban on capital punishment in the United States.
false
A program in which prison inmates are allowed to leave the prison early to reside in a halfway house and prepare for reentry to the community is known as ________.
furlough
__________ collect intelligence and advise administrators regarding strategies to manage and contain prison gang activity.
gang intelligence officers
The __________ is used to confirm an individual's gang involvement level.
gang validation process
Which of the following steps was NOT taken by Zebulon Brockway while introducing reforms for female prisoners?
getting electronic detection devices installed to reduce escape attempts
__________ is any item than inmates are not allowed to possess.
contraband
__________ is when a gang member informs correctional officials about gang operations and membership.
debrief
Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that has led to the recent reduction in the number of inmate lawsuits?
declining law school enrollments have led to fewer attorneys being available to take on inmates' cases
Correctional jobs are ________.
difficult to perform, and not every person who expresses an interest is suited for it
Contraband is defined as the list of items that prison inmates are legally allowed to possess.
false
In many state and federal prisons, inmates without a high school diploma or GED need not attend school.
false
In the past, wardens had many demands on them to be external managers because corrections was of great interest to elected officials, the courts, or the media.
false
Inmates are in their cells most of the day and are rarely allowed to move across the prison compound.
false
Most staff in prison interact extensively with other staff, to a much greater proportion than they do with other inmates.
false
Positive recognition and good pay have often been the incentives that motivated people to take jobs as correctional officers.
false
Post orders and general policies both spell out how to do prison activities.
false
Prison staff are trained to monitor inmates only intermittently so as not to interfere with their privacy.
false
Prison staff do not waste a lot of time searching areas of the prison or shaking down inmates to find contraband and deter its possession.
false
Which department do service staff work in?
health services
Residential treatment is a part of which of the following prison programs?
substance abuse programs
Which of the following is an organizational source of stress in prisons?
supervisor demands
What did the Supreme Court decide in Rhodes v. Chapman?
that double-celling does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment
Most prisons have a military chain of command.
true
Twenty-five years ago, female officers were not allowed to work in men's prisons.
true
Vocational training is specific training in a trade area such as carpentry, electronics, welding, office equipment, and word processing.
true
What is the primary alternative provided by prison administrations that want to restrict weight lifting?
"dip" bars
When was the last public execution in the United States held?
1936
What is the approximate rate of increase in the number of correctional employees working at the federal, state, and local levels in the United States between 1992 to 2003?
30 percent
About what percentage of state and federal prisoners who were drug dependent or abusing in the year before their admission to prison took part in a drug abuse program? Group counseling sessions are a form of treatment for which of the following types of inmates?
40-45 percent
Which of the following represents the percentage increase in the number of inmates between 2000 and 2010 held in private prisons?
47 percent
Correctional officers and supervisors make up approximately what percentage of all staff in state and federal prisons?
50 to 60
Most inmates are required to work for approximately how many hours per day and days per week?
6 hours per day, 5 days per week
Which of the following is NOT true of current community supervision strategies?
Parole and probation agencies focus on rehabilitation and characteristics of individual offenders
Grants for disadvantaged individuals used to cover tuition costs for college courses are known as __________ .
Pell grants
Which 1948 Supreme Court decision supported the hands-off doctrine?
Price v. Johnston
__________ is used to house inmates whose continued presence in the general population may pose a serious threat to the security or orderly running of the prison.
administrative detention
At what point in the staff-inmate culture continuum does staff demand compliance from inmates through threats and intimidation?
authoritarian
Which best describes the culture of Stateville Penitentiary under Warden Joseph Ragen?
autocratic
New uses of technology to make prisons safer include all of the following EXCEPT which?
body armor for inmates to protect them from each other
How do most male inmates adjust to incarceration?
by isolating themselves and trying to do their time independently
The __________ is a schedule of all the appointments and required moves for a day, including the inmate name and expected times of the moves.
call out
Which of the following is a schedule of all the appointments and required moves for a day, including the name and expected times of the moves?
call out
What is the style of supervision by staff who are not responsible for inmates, but can still see their movements or activities?
casual
Which of the following is a less formal count conducted at program and work assignments by the staff responsible for supervising inmates?
census count
__________ is the vertical hierarchy in an organization.
chain of command
A security supervisor reports directly to the __________ in the prison.
chief of security
__________ are prison systems that consist of only the internal environment, under the direct control of the warden, and without much interest or any interference from external groups.
closed systems
__________ occurs between and is initiated by groups of inmates; it includes prison riots and disturbances.
collective violence
Kansas elected officials implemented a plan to reduce prison admissions by providing counties with financial incentives to create ________.
community correctional systems
__________ is sometimes referred to as "family visiting."
conjugal visiting
Which of the following is an item that inmates are not allowed to possess, including items that can assist in an escape, are dangerous, can undermine prison physical security, or are nuisance items?
contraband
__________ is the procedure that prisons use to maintain accountability for inmates as they move throughout the prison.
controlled movement
Which Supreme Court decision effectively ended the hands-off doctrine?
cooper v. pate
A __________ is the staff person in a prison or jail who accomplishes the institution's mission by maintaining control and order within the institution.
correctional officer
What position is most critical to the day-to-day management of a prison?
correctional officer
Which of the following refers to the activities within a prison that control inmate behavior and maintain order?
custody
Which of the following refers to gang members telling correctional officials everything they know about the gang operations and membership?
debrief
__________ is a punitive housing assignment after a finding of guilt for a serious prison rule violation.
disciplinary segregation
An emergency team with the primary mission of controlling inmates during riot situations is the __________ .
disturbance control team
A high level of supervision in the community can prevent offenders from committing further crimes.
false
A lease system allows prison-made goods to be sold to and used by only state and federal government agencies.
false
A pass system schedules all the appointments and required moves for a day, including the name and expected times of the moves.
false
A relatively low percentage of inmates have mental health problems.
false
A warden may directly instruct a correctional officer to carry out a function without passing the instruction through correctional supervisors.
false
Administrators, medical persons, and counselors make up 60 percent of prison staff.
false
Although the number of offenders increased toward the end of the twentieth century, the amount of money committed to operate correctional agencies decreased.
false
American Correctional Association standards require a minimum of five scheduled counts per twenty-four-hour period.
false
Correctional agencies are designed to provide mental health programs to the same extent as mental health agencies.
false
Disciplinary segregation is a nonpunitive confinement in SHU used to house inmates whose continued presence in the general population may pose a serious threat to the security or orderly running of the prison.
false
Due to significant public opposition to recreation programs for inmates, recreation is not considered as an important part of prison programming
false
Holistic health care is defined as the provision of mental health programs based on the intensity of needs for each inmate.
false
In Baze et al. v. Rees, the Supreme Court stated that the lethal injection drug protocol for executions was unconstitutional.
false
Mental health programs do not play a critical role in accomplishing the mission of a correctional facility.
false
Rehabilitation, by definition, means "to take up a new form."
false
Religious programs are prohibited in state and federal prisons due to the separation of church and state.
false
The challenge of balancing custody and security with treatment and rehabilitation is easily accomplished by the prison management.
false
Uniformed staff and professional staff in the prison have interchangeable roles and responsibilities.
false
Wardens report directly to the security supervisors, the chief executive officers responsible for day-to-day prison activities.
false
Which of the following sets of experts suggested the "three-culture" model for prisons?
farkas and manning
Which constitutional amendment is most related to the necessity of prison officials' control over the importation of dangerous contraband?
fourth
Which does not contribute to the security and custody functions within a prison?
free and unrestricted inmate movement
Which of the following is true of restorative justice sentencing models?
government is not equipped to adequately address justice systems concerns
Which of the following is NOT one of the prominent reasons why corrections has become a much more important item on the public's political agenda over the past two decades?
greater number of prisons being accredited
Which phenomenon have correctional agencies experienced over the past decade?
high officer turnover
A conceptual model of __________ provides integrated medical, psychiatric, psychological, and chemical dependency service delivery.
holistic health care
Which of the following teams has the principal role of opening lines of communication between staff and hostage-takers?
hostage negotiation team
The __________ is a team of eight to ten prison employees, with excellent communication skills and ability to perform under stress.
hostage negotiator
What has the "tough on crime" approach to sentencing done?
increased the number of people under correctional supervision
The staff's ability to locate and identify inmates at any time within a prison is __________ .
inmate accountability
Which of the following refers to the staff's ability to locate and identify inmates at any point in time within a prison?
inmate accountability
The expected rules and behaviors represented by the model prisoner that reflect the values and norms of prison society are known as the __________ .
inmate code
__________ occurs between two or more individual inmates, with the reason being a personal issue between the individuals.
interpersonal violence
Which of the following is NOT a step adopted by one or more states for the purpose of reducing recidivism and helping prisoners reenter society?
investing money in building more prisons so that more offenders can be incarcerated
________ is known as a practice that is not formalized in statute or written policy, but that develops through a consistent set of pressures that influence the practice in a specific manner.
invisible policy
Which of the following actions is NOT recommended by the National Major Gang Task Force to monitor gang members?
isolate gang members for long periods of solitary confinement
What was the decision in the 1970 Supreme Court case of Gittlemacker v. Prasse?
it is impractical to provide every inmate a member of the clergy
In a __________ , state prisons accepted bids and leased out prisoners to the private sector, which would work the inmates in their industrial operations.
lease system
What prison industry system ended in the early twentieth century, after which states began to operate their own prison industries to keep inmates busy and make a profit from the sale of produced goods?
lease system
Which officers are usually assigned to some of the most sensitive and explosive areas of the prison?
lieutenants
Which is NOT a preventive action that prison administrators can take to reduce inmate unrest?
maintaining secrecy between inmates and staff, and among staff
Which of the following is the highest-ranking uniformed staff person in a prison?
major
A prison culture based on the way prison leadership deals and communicates with subordinate staff and that has a continuum between autocratic and empowered is called __________ .
management culture
What was the most common type of mental health treatment being received by inmates in state prisons in 2000?
mental health therapy or counseling services on a regular basis
According to the 2003 ACA survey, what was the most frequently cited reason for difficulty in recruiting correctional officers?
noncompetitive compensation
Which of the following is NOT true about having a staff that is diverse in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity?
nonwhite, urban officers are more pro-inmate and undermine security
Which of the following is a measure to control prison gangs?
observing inmates' routine to identify association with gang members
Prison systems that have frequent interactions between the organization and other groups to obtain resources, gain support, and accomplish goals are __________ prison systems.
open
The __________ is a form of inmate movement in which an inmate is issued a pass by the work or program supervisor to go to a scheduled appointment.
pass system
Which of the following is NOT a measure used by prison staff to reduce the number of sexual assaults in prisons?
permitting conjugal visiting for male inmates who are not legally married
The detailed description of the activities that are required to be performed throughout the day, including the time they are to occur, are referred to as __________ .
post orders
What is a common serious concern regarding continuing the death penalty?
potential for judicial error
The "spark in the haystack" that sets off an inmate riot is a(n) __________ .
precipitating event
Groups that form in prison and use the threat of violence to intimidate other inmates, control drug sales, and gain power are called __________ .
prison gangs
Which of the following are assets to prison operations, provide funds to operate, and reduce recidivism?
prison industry programs
__________ is the process whereby inmates take on the folkways, mores, customs, and general culture of the penitentiary.
prisonization
Prison or jail staff in a specialty area who require distinctive training and education and may also require a professional certification are called __________ .
professional staff
Family organizations formed by female inmates who take the roles of parents and children and other relatives are called __________ .
pseudofamilies
Which of the following refers to organizations formed by female inmates who have roles of parents and children?
pseudofamilies
Which category of violent inmate is predatory, calculating, and usually acts violently for no good reason?
psychopathic offenders
Which is NOT one of the activities of the bureaucratic warden?
punishing staff and inmates who break the rules
Which of the following is done at any time, freezing inmates at whatever location they are in?
random count
Which activity is a housing-unit officer most likely to do first when starting day watch?
read the logbook of the prior shift's activities
Which of the following is considered as the most controversial area of prison programming?
recreation programs
In __________ programs, many states and the Federal Bureau of Prisons require inmates without a high school diploma or GED to attend school.
mandatory prison education
Which of the following is considered a good deterrent to and source of data about use of narcotics by prison inmates?
random drug testing
Which of the following by definition means "to return to a previous form"?
rehabilitation
Correctional officers assigned to housing units have post order requirements to search a certain number of cells every day, and teams of staff may be assigned to an area for a complete search.
true
Courts use the totality-of-conditions test to determine whether the overall conditions within a prison constitute cruel and unusual punishment.
true
Few prisons have extensive postsecondary education programs, even though several thousand inmates took college classes and earned college degrees in the past.
true
Which of the following is NOT one of the eight main types of activities that contribute to the security and custody functions within a prison?
reduction of muscle-building exercise, particularly weightlifting
What is the scheduled counting of inmates in their housing units to ensure that they are in the prison and have not escaped?
regular count
A 2002 opinion poll found that the public's view of the most effective way to reduce crime is to ________.
rehabilitate prisoners by education and job training
A(n) __________ culture is based on how staff view and communicate with inmates and has a continuum between authoritarian and reasoned.
relationship
Which of the following is considered as the most effective treatment for substance abuse?
residential treatment
What do prisons do through the use of rewards and punishments to bring inmates to a law-abiding lifestyle?
resocialize
In a chain of command, who might a correctional officer report directly to?
security supervisor
What is the relationship that exists when two inmates become jealous and fight over another inmate?
sexual triangle
A(n) __________ allows staff to quickly notice a missing tool or item.
shadow board
Which of the following is a light-colored background with the outline of the tool painted on it, allowing for a missing tool or knife to be quickly noticed?
shadow board
The __________ is an emergency team trained in the use of lethal force when all else fails to resolve an emergency situation.
special emergency response team
Which of the following emergency teams is trained in the use of lethal force when all else fails to resolve an emergency situation?
special emergency response team
The __________ is a temporary housing assignment for inmates who present a danger to prison security or need protection from other inmates.
special housing unit
Inmates who are usually first-time offenders and have more identification with straight society and the norms of noncriminals are __________ .
square johns
Which of the following counts is the most formal count of the day and occurs at 4:00 p.m. everyday?
stand-up
A __________ allows prison-made goods to be sold to and used by state and federal government agencies.
state-use system
Which of the following resulted in prison industries producing inmate clothing, office furniture, and other products that can be sold only to government agencies?
state-use system
What is the term Fabelo used to refer to correctional agencies taking advantage of new technologies to reduce the costs of supervising criminal offenders and minimize the risk they pose to society?
technocorrections
What did the Supreme Court develop in the 1983 Solem v. Helm decision?
test of proportionality
Which of the following is NOT a challenge of a correctional career?
the duty of finding the culprits who committed a certain crime
Which of the following is NOT true of correctional jobs?
the jobs are devoid of risk and much responsibility
Which of the following is not an inmate due process right in the area of prison disciplinary hearings?
the right to a jury trial
Which of the following is NOT a reason that the Supreme Court cited in Ruffin v. Commonwealth of Virginia for what became known as the hands-off doctrine
the status of the American prisons as the most fair and efficiently run such institutions in the world
__________ are inmates who have adopted a career of crime and are doing their prison time until they can get out and hit the "big score."
thieves
What is perhaps the most popular use of technology pertaining to prisons?
to make prison staff safer
Prisons use special housing units to perform which of the following activities?
to separate unruly inmates or inmates at risk
The __________ is Goffman's concept of a setting isolating people from society and unnecessarily manipulating them through the actions of the administrative staff.
total institution
Leaders who exercise leadership based on principles, while motivating staff to jointly address challenges and find solutions to new problems are referred to as __________ .
transformational leaders
Which of the following refers to the process of creating an environment and providing rehabilitative programs that encourage inmates to accept responsibility and to address personal disorders?
treatment
A majority of the U.S. public favors rehabilitation alternatives to incarceration for nonviolent and nonserious offenders.
true
A precipitating event is often thought of as the "spark in the haystack" that sets off an inmate riot.
true
A safe prison is one in which staff and inmates are relatively safe from assaults or other violent acts.
true
A special emergency response team is trained in the use of lethal force when all else fails to resolve an emergency situation.
true
Conflict exists between some medical groups that oppose the use of licensed medical personnel to administer life-ending drugs and state requirements that such medical personnel oversee executions.
true
Correctional agencies generally use same-sex staff to conduct searches, unless in an emergency.
true
Inmates who need a separation of longer than 12 months from a prison's inmate population are either transferred to another prison or placed in a supermax facility.
true
Investigations of inmate riots and disturbances have discovered that most are not planned or precisely initiated by inmate leaders.
true
Many prison inmates work in trades areas such as heating and air conditioning, learning skills that can help them find jobs after release.
true
Many state legislatures, county governments, and Congress have recently passed legislation limiting weight lifting in prisons and jails.
true
Once an offender is sentenced to prison, a reception and classification process begins.
true
Open prison systems do not permit autonomous wardens who run their prisons as they desire and answer to no one.
true
Prison work and program assignments are an important part of the normal routine of the prison day.
true
Prisons and jails have different missions, but there is little difference in the role that correctional officers play in the two types of facilities.
true
Since inmates have a significant need for educational programs, most prisons provide these programs.
true
Studies have found either no or only minor differences in the attitudes and job performance of women compared to men working in prisons.
true
Substance abuse treatment programs are critical activities within prisons because such a high proportion of inmates have a history of drug or alcohol abuse.
true
The Hawes-Cooper Act in 1929 required that prison products be subject to the laws of any state to which they were shipped.
true
The most feared event at a prison is an inmate riot or disturbance.
true
The public interest in and expectations for corrections have risen in the recent years.
true
The task of controlling behavior and maintaining order envisions a picture of total and absolute control by correctional officers and an environment in which inmate rights and individual characteristics must be secondary to security.
true
Treatment is the creation of an environment and provision of rehabilitative programs that encourage inmates to accept responsibility.
true
Wardens cannot be the substantive experts on everything that goes on in the prison.
true
Which of the following elements is NOT from Irwin and Cressey's list of good inmate behavior?
trust the guards
Approximately ________ of the states are involved in the PIE Program, which employed about ________ inmates in 2001.
two-thirds; 5,000
Prison or jail staff who work in the security or custody department and are responsible for the implementation of security policies and procedures are collectively known as __________ .
uniformed staff
Which of the following is a specific training in a trade area to prepare students to work in that trade?
vocational training
Which of the following prison officers manages resources, acts as a role model for staff, and defines professional expectations?
warden
Which of the following is the most controversial recreational activity?
weight lifting
Which state does not have a death penalty?
west virginia
The time when inmates are required to move to their jobs or program assignments is the __________ .
work call
Which of the following is the time when inmates move to their assigned jobs or programs assignments?
work call
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that a bona fide occupational qualification prohibiting female correctional officers was allowable because of deplorable prison conditions and the presence of predatory male sex offenders as inmates?
Dothard v. Rawlinson
Which of the following is true regarding mental health programs?
Correctional agencies do not provide mental health programs to the same extent as mental health agencies
Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding corrections as a career opportunity?
Correctional agencies have frequent layoffs and therefore the jobs are not very stable.
__________ are the people who teach, oversee, or coordinate education, and sometimes vocational training programs within prisons.
Correctional educators
In which 1972 case did the Supreme Court hold that inmates be given a "reasonable opportunity" to practice their religion?
Cruz v. Beto
Women in prisons have always received vocational training in a wide variety of occupations, not just cooking, sewing, and cleaning.
False
Women's prisons have nothing in common with men's prisons.
False
Which of the following is considered a benefit of having women as correctional officers?
Female supervisory styles have a calming influence on the prison
Which is a key component of inmate accountability policies and procedures?
Inmates are assigned to work and programs on a daily basis
Which of the following is a theory of how inmate culture becomes a part of prison life?
Inmates import the culture into the prison from the outside world
Which of the following is NOT true regarding inmate movements within a prison?
Inmates move individually in a prison, with at least one staff person walking with them from one point to another
Which of the following is NOT a typical consequence of understaffing?
It helps officers focus on doing their jobs right
Why did Congress in 1994 specifically eliminate inmates from being eligible to receive Pell grants?
Members of the public complained that inmates should not get a free college education
Which prison gang is also known as the Texas Mexican Mafia?
Mexikanemi
What did the Supreme Court decide in Roper v. Simmons?
Offenders who are under 18 when their crimes are committed cannot be executed
In which of the following programs do private companies hire inmates to produce goods inside the prison?
PIE Programs
Which of the following requires the collection of the incidence and prevalence of sexual assault within correctional facilities and development of national standards for the reduction of sexual violence in prison?
Prison Rape Elimination Act
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Goffman's total institution that results in isolation and inability to act for oneself?
Prison inmates construct a culture with unique values, roles, and customs
Which of the following is NOT a reason for what many see as the recent demise of inmate culture?
Prisons are more geographically isolated than they were in the past.
In __________ , the Supreme Court ruled that a BFOQ against female correctional officers was allowable because of the deplorable conditions of the particular prison and the presence of predatory male sex offenders as prisoners.
Dothard v. Rawlinson
__________ is the most intensive substance abuse treatment program, in which inmates live in a unit entirely focused on a substance abuse milieu, and is often considered the most effective treatment for substance abuse.
Residential treatment
Which of the following is not an emergency response team?
SHU
Which of the following accurately describes square johns?
Square johns are first-time offenders in prison who have more identification with noncriminals.
Which of the following statements suggests prevalence of reasoned staff-inmate culture in a prison?
Staff use agency incentives and disincentives for gaining compliance from inmates
__________ is a prison industry program operated by private companies, with prison goods authorized to be sold on the open market if the program is certified as meeting certain conditions.
The PIE program
In which 1977 case did the Supreme Court disagree to adding steak and wine on the prison menu for inmates who practiced the new religion of the Church of the New Song (CONS)?
Theriault v. Silber
Which of the following is most true of gang members in prisons?
They are more likely to have a substance abuse problem
Which of the following is true of transactional leaders in a prison?
They emphasize the set of values and principles to be used as guidelines in responding to issues
A good explanation for the high level of violence within prisons is that prisons hold violent people who act out in violent ways.
True
Federal Bureau of Prisons policy requires that validated gang members (not associates or suspects) be assigned to a maximum-security prison.
True
The Prison Rape Elimination Act requires the collection of information on the incidence and prevalence of sexual assault within correctional facilities.
True
The federal prison system and forty-seven states do random drug testing of inmates for drug use.
True
The need for drug treatment in prisons far exceeds the provision of drug treatment programs.
True
Using female guards to supervise female prisoners was one of the requests made by Elizabeth Fry.
True
Which of the following statements is true regarding the U.S. prison population during the period between 2000 and 2010?
While the rate of growth in inmates at private prisons slowed and even declined after 2008, the number of inmates in private prisons in 2010 was considerably higher than in 2000
In which 1974 case did the Supreme Court set forth that inmates had some due process rights when facing a prison disciplinary hearing?
Wolff v. McDonnell
Developed as a means to enhance credibility and professionalism of correctional agencies, ________ is seen by most correctional officials as a worthy endeavor, yet others see it as a bureaucratic nuisance.
accreditation
In which 2002 case did the Supreme Court determine that executions of mentally retarded criminals were "cruel and unusual" punishment?
Atkins v. Virginia
Which of the following is NOT a benefit achieved from prison industries?
Because so little is withheld from their wages, inmates can retire on their saved earnings upon release from prison
In which 1979 case did the Supreme Court hold that there is no one-person, one-cell guarantee within a prison?
Bell v. Wolfish
Which of the following is not an element of a state's death penalty that must exist in order to be constitutional, according to the Supreme Court's decision in Gregg v. Georgia?
During sentencing, the jury will hear only evidence regarding the crime's aggravating circumstances
__________ give an indication of an inmate's level of literacy, regardless of the grade completed in school, and indicate whether additional educational programming is needed.
Educational proficiency exams
Who tried to convince officials in the early 1800s that female prisoners should be separated from male prisoners and that female guards should be hired to supervise them?
Elizabeth Fry
In which 1976 case did the Supreme Court determine that prison officials have a duty to provide medical treatment to inmates since inmates are dependent on them to provide for their medical needs?
Estelle v. Gamgle
Both male and female inmates are equally hesitant to talk to prison staff.
False
Male and female offenders have always been housed separately in the United States, even in the earliest jails.
False
Prison gangs are declining in U.S. prisons.
False
Telling prison staff what other inmates are doing is an element of the inmate code.
False
There is no place for humor in prison.
False
The casework focus of helping offenders in the community has been slowly transitioning into one in which officers use a surveillance approach to supervision. Which of the following does this approach NOT emphasize?
working closely with individuals to find jobs or get into treatment programs
Which of the following correctional officer assignments include the patrol and supervision of inmate movement in the compound of a prison?
yard officers
