Criminalistics Chapter 6

The first systematic attempt at personal identification was devised and introduced by [blank].

Bertillon

T/F : A latent fingerprint is first treated with Physical Developer followed by ninhydrin.

False

[Blank] are a reproduction of friction skin ridges.

Fingerprints

[Blank] occurs when a substance absorbs light and reemits the light in wavelengths longer than the illuminating source.

Flouroscene

[Blank] vapors chemically combine with fatty oils or residual water to visualize a fingerprint.

Iodine

[Blank] fingerprints are impressions left on a soft material.

Plastic

The fingerprint classification system used in most English-speaking countries was devised by [blank].

Sir Edward Richard Henry

T/F : Computerized fingerprint search systems match prints by comparing the position of bifurcations and ridge endings.

True

T/F : The first systematic and official use of fingerprints for personal identification in the US was adopted by the New York City Civil Service Commission.

True

ACE-V is an acronym for a four step process: [blank], [blank], [blank], and [blank].

analysis, comparison, evaluation, and verification

A system of identification relying on precise body measurements is known as [blank].

anthropometry

Approximately 5% of the population has the [blank] fingerprint pattern.

arches

A fingerprint classification system (can, cannot) unequivocally identify an individual.

cannot

Fingerprints (can, cannot) be changed during a person's lifetime.

cannot

Fingerprints on porous surfaces are best developed with [blank] treatment.

chemical

The approximate center of a loop pattern is called the [blank].

core

The ridge point nearest the type line divergence is known as the [blank].

delta

A permanent scar forms in the skin only when an injury damages the [blank].

dermal papillae

The form and pattern of skin ridges are determined by the (epidermis, dermal papillae).

dermal papillae

Arches (have, do not have) type lines, deltas, and cores.

do not have

Fingerprints on hard and nonabsorbent surfaces are best developed by the application of a [blank].

fingerprint powder

A (high pass filter, frequency Fourier transform analysis) is used to identify repetitive patterns such as lines or dots that interfere with the interpretation of a digitized fingerprint image.

frequency Fourier transform analysis

The individuality of a fingerprint (is, is not) determined by its pattern.

is not

Fingerprint impressions that are not readily visible are called [blank].

latent

The most common fingerprint pattern is the [blank].

loop

The three general patterns into which fingerprints are divided are [blank], [blank], and [blank].

loops, whorls, and arches

The chemical [blank] visualizes fingerprints by its reaction with amino acids.

ninhydrin

All loops must have (one, two) deltas.

one

Chemical treatment with [blank] visualizes fingerprints on porous articles that may have been wet at one time

physical developer

The image produced from a digital file is composed of numerous square electronic dots called [blank].

pixels

The simplest of all fingerprint patterns is the [blank].

plain arch

If an imaginary line drawn between two deltas of a whorl pattern touches any of the spiral ridges, the pattern is classified as a (plain whorl/center pocket loop).

plain whorl

A loop pattern that opens towards the thumb is known as a (radial, ulnar) loop.

radial

A point-by-point comparison of a fingerprint's [blank] must be demonstrated in order to prove identity.

ridge characteristics

A chemical technique known as [blank] is used to develop latent prints on nonporous surfaces such as metal and plastic.

superglue

The pattern area of the loop is enclosed by two diverging ridges known as the [blank].

type lines

A fingerprint left by a person with soiled or stained fingertips is called a [blank] fingerprint.

visible

The presence or absence of the [blank] pattern is used as a basis for determining the primary classification in the Henry system.

whorl

High intensity light sources known as [blank] are effective in developing fingerprints.

xenone

The largest category (25%) in the primary classification system is (1/1, 1/2).

1/1