criminology 9-16

Shawn argues that the law mainly protects those in power and punish those who lack that privilege. He also believes that the legal system is unfair to people who are members of the lower socioeconomic class. Based on these beliefs, Shawn is most likely to be and advocate of the..... perspective.

Conflict

which term is used by the DEA to refer to controlled substances other than cocaine, Opiates, and cannabis products?

Dangerous drugs

According to George Vold, crime is the product of... conflict betw groups

Political

Luci was physically abused as a child, raped as a teenager, and spent much of her 20s in an abusive relationship. Luci's situation is an example of

Polyvictimization

Frieda argues that the reason why more crimes are committed by men than women is because the family structured dictates that women follow rules, while men exercise authority. Frieda's argument is best explained by

Power- control theory

which of the following is most likely to be considered to be an act of arson?

Sarah loads several cardboard boxes of possessions into her pick up truck after breaking up with Ryan. as she drives away, Ryan tosses a lit cigarette into the back of the truck. the boxes ignite and the fire spread to the truck.

Alfred is s member of a gang that offers payday loans and personal loans to individuals considered ineligible by banks. Although the states limits the interest rate that may be charged on loans to 13 percent, Alfred charges 22 percent interest. Alfred and his gang are engaged in

loan-shaking

hacking actually originated with the theft of

long-distance telephone services

which of the following characteristics is more common of female robber than of a male robber?

infrequent use of guns

hank is flying into the U.S from London and has a large quantity of heroin in his luggage. However, heroin is located and seized by the federal agents. this scenario is an example of which drug control strategy?

interdiction

The most threatening aspect of identity theft its potentially relationship to

international terrorism

The Black hand , a criminal organization that came to the united states with the wave of European immigrants during the late nineteenth century, specialized in

intimidation

which of the following statements regarding exiting the sex trade is true?

it is extremely difficult for sex workers to exit the sex trade

which of the following statements regarding the RICO Act is true?

it made provisions for asset forfeiture

Although rape is seriously underreported, it appears likely that the most seriously underreported crime may be---

larceny

which of the following individuals is most at risk of polyvictimization?

14-year-old Ivan

which of the following individuals is most likely to be the victim of workplace violence?

A bartender

which type of burglar mainly steals items as an outlet for sexual gratification rather than based on material value?

A fetish burglar

which type of weapon is most commonly used in robbery homicides?

A handgun

which of the following is an example of a "supersnoop" technology?

A parabolic audio receiver

Shane operates an investment firm that promises unusually high returns to its investors. However, rather than investing the money legitimately, he simply funnels is to his personal accounts. he uses money from new investors to pay returns to older investors. which crime best describes Shane's actions?

A ponzi scheme

which of the following is the most common type of rape?

Acquaintance rape

as a result of the --- Act, drug manufactures are no longer allowed to use heroin as an ingredient in pain relievers or other medications?

Boggs

Daisy was the victim of a home burglary, Frank, the burglar, is caught and charged with the crime. Daisy attends the trial but is frustrated because she is not able to be involved in the process and feels marginalized by the system. Daisy believes victims should be active participant's in the criminal justice process. Daisy most likely supports the--- model.

BARJ (the balance and restorative justice model)

how do burglars generally select the target of a commercial burglary?

Based on suitability

Marxist criminology is aligned with the... perspective

Conflict

which category of murder requires" malice aforethought"?

First- degree murder

which of the following impacts of victimization primarily affects women?

Future involvement in crime

which of the following is an example of new account fraud?

Georgina obtains her co-worker's social security number and maiden name and uses this to obtain a new credit card in her co-worker name

which of the following is an example of a drug-defined crime?

JoAnn sells marijuana to children at local elementary school.

which financial crime involves a seller returning a certain amount of money to the buyer as a result of a collusive agreement?

Kickback

in the mid-1960s, Harvard professor Timothy Leary formed a religion that permitted its members to use which illicit drug ad a sacrament?

LSD

which of the following statements regarding larceny- theft is true?

Larceny-theft is the most frequently occurring property offence

..... feminism see gender-role socialization as the primary source of women's oppression.

Liberal

which of the following is an example of an internal cybercrime according to the FBI typology?

Logic bombs

Recent BJS data show that the rate of violent victimization of persons living at or below the federal poverty level is ---- the rate experienced by persons in high-income households.

More than double

Which of the following principles is characteristic of the consensus perspective?

Most members of a society believe in the existence of core values.

Gillian uses the money she makes from selling cocaine to found an international environment activist groups that is frequently accused of bombings and arson. which of the following best fits Gillian's activities?

Narcoterrorism

which type of identity theft is the most serious and costly to victims?

New account fraud

According to the 2017 report released by the National survey on drug use and Health (NSDUH), which of the following statements regarding drug use in the U.S in 2016 is true?

Rates of substance abuse are highly correlated with education

During the past few moths, 5-years-old Ray has been found playing with matches in his home several times. which of the following most likely to describes Ray?

Ray is curious about fire

which describes the ultimate goal of radical Marxism as it is manifested in terms of policy implications?

Replace the current capitalist system with a socialist economic structure

According to Quinney, the solution to the crime problem is the creation of a society based on....... principles

Socialist

which category of rape is excluded from the uniform Crime Report(UCR) statistics?

Statutory rape

which of the following statements is a proposition that outlines the Marxist perspective of Chambliss and seidman?

The conditions of one's life affect one's values and norms.

which of the following statements regarding the conflict perspective is true?

The conflict perspective states that those in power are interested in maintaining their power against those who would usurp it.

which of the following policy proposals is most likely to be made by a convict criminologist?

The number of people in prison should be reduced.

while Kendra claims that prostitution leads to exploitations and violence against women. Marie believes that people's sex lives should be private matter and if two consenting adults whish to engaged in sex for money, the government should not interfere. she also points out that police spend a lot of time and money targeting prostitutes and their clients. Marine appears to be supporting

legalization

research suggest that the criminal activity of most property offenders is characterized by..... rationality

limited

mike is arrested by a DEA officers and charged with the possession and distribution of large quantities of heroin. His lawyers tells him that since this is his third federal drug-related felony arrest, he can face life felonies was provided in which federal law?

The violent crime control and law enforcement Act

what is the Daubert standard?

a set of criteria that is used to determinate weather scientific evidence may be introduce in criminal and civil trials.

from which of the following sources does the National crime Victimization survey (NCVS) collect information about criminal activity?

Victims of crime

which federal law authorized founding to help states establish victims' compensation programs and victims' assistance programs?

Victims of crime Act

Harry and his friends are drug users who also love hacking into vulnerable computers and constantly browse bulletin boards and online forums to fin the next vulnerable websites. harry considers hacking to be as important to his daily routine as his next fix. as a hacker, harry is best categorized as an

addict

which of the following Acts was deemed unconstitutional by the 1997 supreme court ruling in Reno v. ACLU?

communications Decency Act

terrene uses stolen credentials to log into a company's computer network from public computer. using this access, he copies proprietary information from one of the company's computers. this is an example of

computer trespass

Grace is a defense attorney. in some cases, she accepts stolen property as payment from offenders who cannot afford her fees. Grace is most likely to be considered a(n)

avocational receiver

Heather is a prostitute represented by an online agency. clients are screened by the agency and are required to pay in advance, usually by credit card. the agency then gives heather the client's location heather is most likely a

call gril

one advantage of self-report surveys is that respondents are able to---

confidentially disclose any law violations

Luca is a member of an Italian American organized crime family. He advises and consuls the boss, or head of the family. which of the following best describes Luca's position?

consigliere

which of the following statements regarding constitutive criminology is true?

constitutive criminology asserts that individuals shape the world while also being shaped by it.

which of the following is more characteristic of cyberbullying than assault?

cyberbullying is repetitive, while assault is not

Xavier manages his elderly mother's money for her. He withdraws money from her savings account and uses it to buy a new car for himself. Xavier is most likely guilty of

embezzlement

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Jewish gangsters dominated organized crime in New York City, until they were replaced by Italian immigrants. This is an example of

ethnic succession

which of the following is a characteristic of female serial killers?

female serial killers tend to target acquaintances

Sebastian is a mechanic who works at a local auto-body shop. when he learns that one of his costumers, Laura is out from town for a week, he decides to break into Laura's house, After disabling the security system he goes through the house, taking only items that he can easily sell. Sebastian is most likely a(n)-----

middle-range burglar

the process of converting illegal earned earned assets from cash to one or more alternative forms to conceal factors such as illegal origin and true ownership is know as

money laundering

which of the following best reflects the views of restorative justice?

offender accountability is defined as assuming responsibility and taking actions to repair harm.

one of the approaches for controlling organized crime recommended by Howard Abadinisky is to decrease organized criminal opportunity which of the following policies is most likely to achieve this goal?

passing laws legalizing recreational marijuana

jane's friends frequently smoke meth. when jane does not join them her friends taunt her and tell her she is a loser. fearing that she might lose her friends, jane begins smoking and eventually becomes addicted to meth. which of the following external factors likely contributes to jane's addiction?

peer pressure

the use of switched dialed-access telephone services for exploration and exploitations is known as

phreaking

Kurt has a reputation among other criminals for being a skilled who is able to avoid detection and capture by the police. he has never been incarcerated and makes good money from burglary. Kurt is often recruited by other offenders to help in their crimes. Kurt is an example of a(n)

professional criminal

Dr. Terry prescribes oxycodone to patients despite his belief that they are abusing the medication, because he receives hefty kickbacks from the pharmaceutical company. Dr. Terry is engaging in

professional occupational crime

According to Karl Marx, the have- nots, or the working class, are called the...

proletariat

since they separated, Sam has been following Alex to work, sending her over 100 texts per day, and watching her through the window of her home at nigh. Sam is an example of a(n)---

rejected stalker

Left-realism faults radical-critical criminologist for-----

romanticizing street crime and the criminals who commit it.

Doug commits home burglaries to support his drug habit. He targets homes in gated communities, because he believes the homeowners will have more valuables for him to steal, and he only commits crimes when no ones is home. Doug's criminal behavior is best explained by--- theory

routine activities

which of the following best defines scamps?

scamps are hackers with a sense of fun and no intentions to harm

which of the following statements regarding secondary victimization is true?

secondary victimization can be caused by the justice system

After experiencing many years of abuse, Stella leaves her husband, moves in with her friend Beth, and files for divorce. After receiving the divorce peppers ,stella's husband shows up at Beth house and beats Stella severely, breaking her arm, which term best describe this scenario?

separation assault

Sean receives and expensive computer game for his birthday. he makes six copies of the game and gives them to his friends, so they can play the game together. Sean ha committed which type of cybercrime?

software piracy

among the various types of prostitutes',....... face the highest risk of harm from customers and the highest changes of assert

streetwalkers

Charlie steals a truck that is park outside a local fast food restaurant. He drives the truck to another location, where he removes the truck's engine, stereo, AC unit airbags and sets before abandoning the vehicle. Charlie's actions are an example of motor vehicle theft for the purpose of....

stripping

Aron has created a website that connects people who want to purchase illegal drugs with those how supply them. the website includes a geographically- organized inventory of drug dealers and suppliers. Aaron's activities fall into which category of cybercrime?

support of criminal enterprises

According to Levin and Fox's typology of mass murderers, the charles Manson killings were motivated by

terror

Alvin is a member of an organized criminal group and helps to run gambling ring. Alvin loves cars and purchased several very expensive vehicles with his share of the proceeds. when Alvin is caugth and convicted, his cars were seized by the federal agents. he protests but was told that his was permitted under the provision of which federal law?

the Racketeer influenced and corrupt organizations Act.

According to results from the Monitoring the future survey, when did drug use among young Americans reach its highest level?

the early 1980s

Travis Hirschi and Michael Gottfredson use which theory to support their claim that white-collar criminals are motivated by the same forces that drive other types of criminals?

the general theory of crime

which of the following encouraged the explosion of child pornography in the United States in the 1990s?

the internet

why might a police department intentionally avoid computers-crime investigations?

the investigations are complex and demanding

one of the best ways to combat shoplifting and employee theft appears to be

the use of technology

what is the primary overall goal of vison 21 and the Office for victims of crime?

to permanently change the way we treat crime victims

which of the following was a major objective of the Sherman Act of 1890?

to prevent the development of trust and monopolies in restraint of trade

what was the purpose of the communications decency act?

to protect minors from harmful material on the internet.

why do victims' advocacy groups believe that a federal victims' rights amendment is necessary?

to provide victims with the same kind of fairness that offenders receive

which of the following statements regarding undiscovered crimes is true?

undiscovered crimes are often committed through the use of high technology

while Joel was talking to his final exam, Andy broke into his dorm room and stole his laptop, his cell phone, and various other items. Andy was eventually caugth and convicted. The judge has ordered Andy to pay Joel back for the items he stole. this is a example of .....

victim restitution

which of the following scenarios best illustrates a personal robbery?

while walking home from work one evening, Jamie stops a woman and forces her to hand over her laptop and wallet