Critical Care Kidney Disorders
Which of the following is a change that occurs in chronic glomerulonephritis?
Anemia
A client with a history of chronic renal failure receives hemodialysis treatments three times per week through an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in the left arm. Which intervention should the nurse include in the care plan?
Assess the AV fistula for a bruit and thrill.
The client with chronic renal failure complains of intense itching. Which assessment finding would indicate the need for further nursing education?
Brief, hot daily showers
A patient admitted with electrolyte imbalance has carpopedal spasm, ECG changes, and a positive Chvostek's sign. What deficit does the nurse suspect the patient has?
Calcium
The client with chronic renal failure is exhibiting signs of anemia. Which is the best nursing rationale for this symptom?
Diminished erythropoietin production
A nurse is teaching a client about peritoneal dialysis. The nurse should tell the client the dwell time is:
20 minutes
A client is admitted with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. His blood pressure on admission is 74/30 mm Hg. The client is oliguric and his blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels are elevated. The physician will most likely write an order for which treatment?
Start I.V. fluids with a normal saline solution bolus followed by a maintenance dose.
Which period of acute renal failure is accompanied by an increase in the serum concentration of substances usually excreted by the kidneys?
Oliguria
A nurse is reviewing the history of a client who is suspected of having glomerulonephritis. Which of the following would the nurse consider significant?
Recent history of streptococcal infection
Which nursing intervention should the nurse caring for the client with pyelonephritis implement?
Teach client to increase fluid intake up to 3 liters per day.
A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with acute renal failure. The nurse notes on the intake and output record that the total urine output for the previous 24 hours was 35 ml. Urine output that's less than 50 ml in 24 hours is known as:
anuria
A chronic renal failure client complains of generalized bone pain and tenderness. Which assessment finding would alert the nurse to an increased potential for the development of spontaneous bone fractures?
Hyperphosphatemia
A client is diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which of the following would the nurse most likely assess?
Hypertension
Which of the following is a characteristic of the intrarenal category of acute renal failure?
Increased BUN
During hemodialysis, excess water is removed from the blood by which of the following?
Osmosis
A client with renal failure is undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Which nursing diagnosis is the most appropriate for this client?
Risk for infection
A client with chronic renal failure (CRF) has developed faulty red blood cell (RBC) production. The nurse should monitor this client for:
fatigue and weakness.
A client with chronic renal failure (CRF) is receiving a hemodialysis treatment. After hemodialysis, the nurse knows that the client is most likely to experience:
weight loss.
The client with polycystic kidney disease asks the nurse, "Will my kidneys ever function normally again?" The best response by the nurse is:
"As the disease progresses, you will most likely require renal replacement therapy."
An investment banker, with chronic renal failure, informs the nurse of the choice for continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis. Which is the best response by the nurse?
"This type of dialysis will provide more independence."
A history of infection specifically caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci is associated with which of the following disorders?
Acute glomerulonephritis
What is the term for the concentration of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood?
Azotemia
When preparing a client for hemodialysis, which of the following would be most important for the nurse to do?
Check for thrill or bruit over the access site.
The nurse expects which of the following assessment findings in the client in the diuretic phase of acute renal failure?
Dehydration
An elderly client is being evaluated for suspected pyelonephritis and is ordered kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) x-ray. The nurse understands the significance of this order is related to which rationale?
Detects calculi, cysts, or tumors
The nurse is caring for a patient after kidney surgery. What major danger should the nurse closely monitor for?
Hypovolemic shock caused by hemorrhage
Which of the following is a characteristic of the intrarenal category of AKI?
Increased BUN
A client is being treated for renal calculi and suspected hydronephrosis. Therefore, the nurse should maintain a record of the kidney's function. Which of the following measures can the nurse take to help achieve the objective?
Monitor the client's intake and output.
A client with decreased urine output refractory to fluid challenges is evaluated for renal failure. Which condition may cause the intrinsic (intrarenal) form of acute renal failure?
Nephrotoxic injury secondary to use of contrast media
The nurse is caring for a patient with a right-arm arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis treatments. Which of the following nursing actions is contraindicated?
Obtaining a blood pressure reading from the right arm
A group of students are reviewing the phases of acute renal failure. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which of the following as occurring during the second phase?
Oliguria
A 44-year-old client is in the hospital unit where you practice nursing. From the results of a series of diagnostic tests, she has been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. What would you expect to find as a result of this condition?
Proteinuria
Which of the following is the hallmark of the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome?
Proteinuria
Which clinical finding should a nurse look for in a client with chronic renal failure?
Uremia
A dialysis client is prescribed erythropoietin (Epogen) to treat anemia associated with end-stage renal disease. The client weighs 147 lbs. The order is for Epogen 50 units/kg subcutaneously 3 times per week. The pharmacy supplied Epogen 3000 units/ml. How many milliliters will the nurse administer to the client? Round to the nearest tenth.
1.1
A patient with ESKD is scheduled to have an arteriovenous fistula created. The nurse explains that the patient will have a temporary dialysis catheter because the fistula has to "mature." The nurse will explain that the patient will have to wait how long before using the fistula?
2 to 3 months
A nurse assesses a client shortly after living donor kidney transplant surgery. Which postoperative finding must the nurse report to the physician immediately?
Urine output of 20 ml/hour
Because of difficulties with hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis is initiated to treat a client's uremia. Which finding during this procedure signals a significant problem?
White blood cell (WBC) count of 20,000/mm3
The nurse is administering calcium acetate (PhosLo) to a patient with ESKD. When is the best time for the nurse to administer this medication?
With food
Which phase of acute renal failure signals that glomerular filtration has started to recover?
Diuretic
A nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of Risk for Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to incision pain and restricted positioning for a client who has had a nephrectomy. Which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to include in the client's plan of care?
Encourage use of incentive spirometer every 2 hours.
A nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of risk for ineffective breathing pattern related to incisional pain and restricted positioning for a client who has had a nephrectomy. Which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to include in the client's plan of care?
Encourage use of incentive spirometer every 2 hours.
Hyperkalemia is a serious side effect of acute renal failure. Identify the electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing that is diagnostic for hyperkalemia.
Tall, peaked T waves
When caring for the patient with acute glomerulonephritis, which of the following assessment findings should the nurse anticipate?
Tea-colored urine
A client has end-stage renal failure. Which of the following should the nurse include when teaching the client about nutrition to limit the effects of azotemia?
Increase carbohydrates and limit protein intake.
A patient diagnosed AKI has a serum potassium level of 6.5 mEq/L. The nurse anticipates administering which of the following?
Kayexalate
The nurse is helping a patient to correctly perform peritoneal dialysis at home. The nurse must educate the patient about the procedure. Which educational information should the nurse provide to the patient?
Keep the dialysis supplies in a clean area, away from children and pets
For a client in the oliguric phase of acute renal failure (ARF), which nursing intervention is the most important?
Limiting fluid intake
The nurse performs a physical examination on a client diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis to assist in determining which of the following?
Location of discomfort
A client is diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease and requires teaching on the management of the disorder. Which statement made by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
"As long as I have one normal kidney, I should be fine."
After teaching a group of students about how to perform peritoneal dialysis, which statement would indicate to the instructor that the students need additional teaching?
"It is appropriate to warm the dial sate in a microwave."
The nurse notes that a patient who is retaining fluid had a 1-kg weight gain. The nurse knows that this is equivalent to about how many mL?
1,000 mL
Sevelamer hydrochloride (Renagel) has been prescribed for a client with chronic renal failure. The physician has prescribed Renagel 800 mg orally three times per day with meals to treat the client's hyperphosphatemia. The medication is available in 400 mg tablets. How many tablets per day will the nurse administer to the client?
6
The client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to find?
Cola-colored urine
Which of the following is an integumentary manifestation of chronic renal failure?
Gray-bronze skin color
The nurse is passing out medications on a medical-surgical unit. A male patient is preparing for hemodialysis. The patient is ordered to receive numerous medications including antihypertensives. Which of the following is the best action for the nurse to take?
Hold the medications until after dialysis.
Which of the following nursing actions is most important in caring for the client following lithotripsy?
Strain the urine carefully for stone fragments.
The nurse is performing acute intermittent peritoneal dialysis (PD) on a patient who is experiencing uremic signs and symptoms. The peritoneal fluid is not draining as expected. Which of the following is the nurse's best action?
Turn the patient from side to side.
A client comes to the Emergency Department complaining of a sudden onset of sharp, severe flank pain. During the physical examination, the client indicates that the pain, which comes in waves, travels to the suprapubic region. He states, "I can even feel the pain at the tip of my penis." Which of the following would the nurse suspect?
Urinary calculi
A client develops acute renal failure (ARF) after receiving I.V. therapy with a nephrotoxic antibiotic. Because the client's 24-hour urine output totals 240 ml, the nurse suspects that the client is at risk for:
cardiac arrhythmia.
A client in chronic renal failure becomes confused and complains of abdominal cramping, racing heart rate, and numbness of the extremities. The nurse relates these symptoms to which of the following lab values?
Hyperkalemia
The nurse weighs a patient daily and measures urinary output every hour. The nurse notices a weight gain of 1.5 kg in a 74-kg patient over 48 hours. The nurse is aware that this weight gain is equivalent to the retention of:
1,500 mL of fluid