CRM Exam - Part 5 - Technology

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

a project management technique that employs three time estimates for each activity: shortest possible time, most likely time, and longest time

storage area network (SAN)

a special purpose, high-speed network that provides high-speed connections among data-storage devices and computers over a network

systems design

describes how the new system will resolve the business problem

systems analysis

the examination of the business problem that the organization plans to solve with an information system

systems implementation

the fourth phase of the systems development life cycle in which the information system is programmed, tested, installed, and supported- user training is done here

archiving data storage

the long-term storage of data- typically off-line. Used for discovery. Watches a system and archives data as it comes in.

extreme programming

uses pairs of programmers who work together to design, test, and code parts of the system that they develop- designed to cut down on errors

Gateways

Nodes on a network that serves as an entrance to another network. Designed to attract visitors to a website.

Fax

A device that transmits a scanned picture or document over a telephone line. Has proof of sending.

project schedule

A document that lists the planned dates for performing tasks and meeting goals defined in a project plan.

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

A W3C recommended language for defining style (such as font, size, color, spacing, etc.) for web documents.Used to specify the layout of web pages.

local

A _____ -area network covers a limited geographic distance, such as an office, a building or groups of buildings within close proximity of each other.

Microform

A _____ is a photographic information carrier that contains highly miniaturized document images

repository

A _____ is a storage system designated for electronic records and their associated metadata:

firewall

A _____ is hardware and/or software that protects computers from intruders.

Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)

A collection of disk drives used for fault tolerance and improved performance, and is typically found in large network systems A data storage scheme that uses multiple hard drives to share or replicate data among the drives

Server

A computer that provides client stations with access to files and printers as shared resources to a computer network Those machines that provide services to other machines are _______.

Teleconferencing

A conference of people who are in different locations that is made possible by the use of such telecommunications equipment as closed-circuit television.

Storage Area Network (SAN)

A dedicated high-speed network consisting of both hardware and software used to connect and manage shared storage devices, such as disk arrays, tape libraries, and optical storage devices

Modem

A device that allows computers to communicate over telephone lines

Web page

A document which can display text, graphics, audio, video and other elements through a web browser. - The server receives the request for a page sent by your browser. - The browser connects to the server through an IP Address; the IP address is obtained by translating the domain name. - In return, the server sends back the requested page.

Network

A group of two or more computer systems linked together

WORM disk

A laser burns digital information into a(an):

Routers

A layer 3 device that used to connect two or more network segments and regulate traffic.. Restricts broadcasts to the LAN. Act as the default gateway.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

A location or address identifying where documents can be found on the Internet; a Web address. Displayed on top inside an address bar.

data warehouse

A logical collection of information - gathered from many different operational databases - that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks. It uses non-operational data.It allows for an analysis of trends.

Printers

A machine for printing text or pictures onto paper, especially one linked to a computer. A peripheral.

XML (Extensible Markup Language)

A markup language that is designed to carry data instead of indicating how to display it. The tags created in XML are self explanatory and the user is free to define their own tags - hence the extensible. XML isn't just for Web documents. XML is a data-description language.

Data masking

A method of creating a structurally similar but inauthentic version of an organization's data that can be used for purposes such as software testing and user training. Also protects PII and commercially sensitive data.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

A network that connects devices in geographically separated areas. No matter what the ___ joins together or how far apart the networks are, the end result is always intended to allow different smaller networks from different locations to communicate with one another.

client/server network

A network that uses centrally administered computers, known as servers, to enable resource sharing for and to facilitate communication between the other computers on the network.

International Organization of Standardization (ISO)

A non-governmental global organization whose principal activity is the development of technical standards through consensus. ISO has formed two joint committees with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) to develop standards and terminology in the areas of electrical and electronic related technologies. ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC 1) was created in 1987 to "[d]evelop, maintain, promote and facilitate IT standards.

Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS)

A prepackaged solution available in the marketplace which address all or most of the common needs of a large group of buyers of those solutions. May require some configuration to meet the specific needs of the enterprise. Generally less expensive than a custom system.

turnkey

A program or product that the vendor executes without further involvement from the client

SQL (Structured Query Language)

A relational data language that provides a consistent, English keyword-oriented set of facilities for query, data definition, data manipulation and data control. SQL became a standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986, and of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1987. SQL lets you access and manipulate databases.

network protocol

A set of conventions that governs the exchange of data between hardware and/or software components in a communications network

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

A standard format for the electronic exchange of information between supply chain participants

Parallel systems development

A strategy for system implementation where a new system slowly assumes the roles of the older system while both systems operate simultaneously. This conversion takes place as the technology of the old system is outdated so a new system is needed to be installed to replace the old one. After a period of time, when the system is proved to be working correctly, the old system will be removed completely and users will depend solely on the new system. The phrase parallel running can refer to the process of changing a fragment of business information technology operation to a new system or to the technique applied by the human resources departments in which the existing staff stay on board during the transition to a new staff.

rapid application development (RAD)

A systems development approach that employs tools, techniques and methodologies designed to speed application development

Gantt Chart

A time and activity bar chart that is used for planning, managing, and controlling major programs that have a distinct beginning and end.

critical path

Activities that, if delayed, would delay the entire project.

Waterfall Model

An SDLC approach that assumes the phases can be completed sequentially with no overlap. It tends to be among the less iterative and flexible approaches, as progress flows in largely one direction ("downwards" like a waterfall) through the phases of conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing, deployment and maintenance.

Video

An electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual media

Hyperlink (link)

An element used to connect one Web page to another Web page on the same server or to Web pages on different Web servers located anywhere in the world.

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)

An encrypted version of HTTP. It uses port 443. It means all communications between your browser and the website are encrypted.

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

An international body that establishes and publishes standards for programming languages used to create software for the web.

JavaScript

An object-oriented computer programming language commonly used to create interactive effects within web browsers. Alongside HTML and CSS, JavaScript is one of the three core technologies of the World Wide Web.

SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)

An older personal computer connection standard that provides high-performance data transfer between the SCSI device and the other components of the computer. SCSI is pronounced "scuzzy." SCSI is most commonly used for hard disk drives and tape drives, but it can connect a wide range of other devices, including scanners and CD drives, although not all controllers can handle all devices. The SCSI standard defines command sets for specific peripheral device types; the presence of "unknown" as one of these types means that in theory it can be used as an interface to almost any device, but the standard is highly pragmatic and addressed toward commercial requirements.

benefits of using project management for IS development

Cost control development within specified times organized use of the available hardware and software an improved end product

Enterprise system

Any device that can be accessed through a system network.

peer-to-peer network

Any network without a central file server and in which all computers in the network have access to the public files located on all other workstations.

On-line data storage

Available for immediate use on demand by the system without human intervention Ability to access data from anywhere. Offers distinct advantages for backup and disaster recovery situations because it's located off site.

share trade secrets

Businesses create web sites to do all of the following, except:

unstructured

By nature, _____ data is often difficult to search because it is not easily or systematically organized into tables.

Systems maintenance and review

Checks and modifies the system so that it continues to meet changing business needs

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Companies can establish direct private network links among themselves or create private, secure Internet access, in effect a "private tunnel" within the Internet.

Local Area Network (LAN)

Connects a group of computers in close proximity, such as in an office building, school, or home to a server. Computers use a ___ connection to share resources such as a printer or network storage.

User Interface

Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen

migration

Data _____ is the process of periodically converting electronic records to new file formats and/or new storage media

offline data storage

Data kept on disks or tapes that cannot be accessed by a computer until it is physically placed into a drive. Examples include floppy disks, compact disks and USB sticks Backup is used for disaster recovery.

analog data

Data that is measured or represented on a continuously varying scale, such as a dimmer switch or a watch with a sweep second hand.

Custom System

Developed for a specific company with a specific purpose in mind.

elimination of storage devices

Electronic document imaging systems offer all of the following benefits, except:

Globalization and international standards

Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. Technology standards have become an important means of global economic competition, and directly influence the competitiveness of an industry, region or country. For several years, it has been generally accepted that technology standards directly affect at least eighty percent of international trade. For example, Joe Bhatia, President of the American National Standards Institute, estimated in 2011 that standards directly affected at least eighty percent of thirteen trillion dollars in international trade.

Firewalls

Hardware, software, or both designed to prevent unauthorized persons from accessing electronic information. Network security system.

system administrator in ERMS

In an electronic records management system, single users are allowed to delete a document or volume deletions can be initiated by a system:

micrographics resolution

In micrographics, _____ equates to image sharpness.

periodically migrated to the latest version of software

In order to ensure information stored in electronic format is usable for as long as long as the retention schedule mandates, it must be

workflow

In planning an Enterprise Content Management (ECM) system, charting the _____ shows whether tasks to be performed are sequential or parallel.

digital data

Information that can be transmitted, manipulated, and stored without degradation. As long as the numbers can be read, you will always get exactly the same wave. Groups of numbers can often be compressed by finding patterns in them.

Encryption

Process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access.

project milestone

Represents key dates when a certain group of activities must be performed

SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language)

SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) is a standard for how to specify a document markup language or tag set. Such a specification is itself a document type definition (DTD). SGML is not in itself a document language, but a description of how to specify one. It is metadata.

voice mail message

Short audio recording sent to or from a smartphone or other mobile device.

Spiral Model

Similar to the cyclical mode, except each process is visited multiple times in that sequence. Each time a process occurs, it occurs in a more developed way than the last time it occurred. + Good approach for larger projects, as changes can be implemented throughout the project. + A working prototype can be made available fairly early. - Each spiral model approach will be different, meaning less re-usability. - Not appropriate for smaller projects where multiple passes may be unnecessary. The Spiral Model is concerned primarily with risk awareness and management. The risk-driven approach of the spiral model ensures your team is highly flexible in its approach, but also highly aware of and prepared for the challenges they can expect to face down the road. The spiral model shines when stakes are highest and major setbacks are not an option.

Version Control

Software that allows changes to be automatically recorded and if necessary "rolled back" to a previous version of the software.

Domain Name System (DNS)

The address where Internet users can access your website. Computers use IP addresses, which are a series of number. However, it is difficult for humans to remember strings of numbers. Because of this, ______ ________ were developed and used to identify entities on the Internet rather than using IP addresses.

Homepages

The initial or main page of a website The web page or local file that automatically loads when a web browser starts or when the browser's "_____" button is pressed.

systems investigation

The initial stage in the traditional SDLC that addresses the business problem (or business opportunity) by means of the feasibility study.

scrum

The leading agile development methodology for completing projects with a complex, innovative scope of work. t is designed for teams of three to nine developers who break their work into actions that can be completed within time boxed iterations, called sprints (30 days or less, most commonly two weeks) and track progress and re-plan in 15-minute stand-up meetings, called daily scrums.

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

The leading standards-setting group in the United States. With an active portfolio of nearly 1,300 standards and projects under development, IEEE is a leading developer of industry standards in a broad range of technologies that drive the functionality, capabilities, and interoperability of products and services, transforming how people live, work, and communicate.

the tool can categorize more documents quicker than a human

The major advantage of using a software tool to automatically generate a taxonomy is:

16mm

The most common microfilm width used for business documents is:

ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

The national standards institute of the United States, which facilitates the formation of a variety of national standards, as well as promoting those standards internationally. Long-established computer standards from ANSI include the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) and the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI).

Webmaster

The person responsible for maintaining and updating a website.

decommissioning

The process of stopping use of an EDMS system, transferring all the data to another system, and removing the EDMS software is:

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

The protocol that allows files to be transferred from a Web server so that you can see them on your computer by using a browser.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

The set of networking rules that control how data is sent from one specific machine (as defined by its IP address) to another.

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

The written code that creates Web pages and links; a language all computers can read. ____ elements are represented by tags _____ tags label pieces of content such as "heading", "paragraph", "table", and so on Browsers do not display the ______ tags, but use them to render the content of the page.

resolution

When a selecting a computer monitor, important features to consider, aside from price, are its viewable image size, dot pitch and:

training

When purchasing a customer maintenance agreement from a copier vendor, you should expect it to include:

IP-Based virtual hosting

You are running more than one web site on the same server machine, but each web site has its own IP address

Name-based virtual hosting

You host multiple websites on the same IP address. Eases the demand for scarce IP addresses.

Push technology

_____ technology is a method of delivering information or software updates through a network broadcast, based on pre-specified interests or privileges.

redundant array of independent/inexpensive disks (RAID)

a method of storing data that generates extra bits of data from existing data, allowing the system to create a "reconstruction map" so that if a hard drive fails, the system can rebuild lost data

traditional systems development life cycle

investigation, analysis, design, implementation, maintenance and review

prototyping

involving repetition with users testing the system and providing feedback- each time part of the system is implemented

agile

requires cooperation and frequent face to face meetings with all participants as they modify refine and test how the system meets users' needs and what its capabilities are

Data

the quantities, characters, or symbols on which operations are performed by a computer, being stored and transmitted in the form of electrical signals and recorded on magnetic, optical, or mechanical recording media.

computer-aided software engineering (CASE)

tools are software suites that automate systems analysis, design, and development