CSC 10 Chapter 1

Negative numbers are encoded using the ______ technique.

two's complement

The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as ______.

hardware

A component that collects data from people or other devices and send it to the computer is called ______.

input device

The rule that must be followed when writing a program are called ______.

syntax

The part of a computer that runs programs is called ______.

the CPU

A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is ______.

ASCII

If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see ______.

a stream of binary numbers

The ______ translates an assembly language program to a machine language program.

assembler

True or False. A syntax error does not prevent a program from being compiled and executed.

False

True or False. Assembly language is considered a high-level language.

False

True or False. Images, like the ones you make with your digital camera, cannot be stored as a binary numbers.

False

True or False. Today, CPUs are huge devices made of electrical and mechanical components such as vacuum tubes and switches.

False.

What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?

A compiler is a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program. The machine language program can then be executed any time it is needed. An interpreter is a program that both translates and execute the instructions in a high-level language program. As the interpreter reads each individual instruction in the program, it convert it to a machine language instruction and then immediately executes it. Programs that are compiled generally execute faster than programs that are interpreted because a compiled program already translated entirely to machine language when it is executed. A program that is interpreted must be translated at the time it is executed.

True or False. Windows Vista, Linux, UNIX, and Mac OS X are all examples of applications software.

False

Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, Web browsers, and games are all examples of utility programs.

False

Why is the CPU the most important component in a computer?

The CPU is the most important component in a computer because without it, the computer could not run software.

True or False. An interpreter is a program that both translate and executes the instructions in a high-level language program.

True

True or False. Any piece of data that is stored in a computer's memory must be stored as a binary number.

True

True or False. Machine language is the only language that a CPU understands.

True

A ______ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number.

byte

Real numbers are encoded using the ______ technique.

floating-point

A bit that is turned off represents the following values: ______.

0

What number does a bit that is turned on represent? What number does a bit that is turned off represent?

A bit that is turned on is 1. A bit that is turned off is 0.

What would you call a device that works with binary data?

A device that works with binary data would be called digital.

True or False. Main memory is also known as RAM.

True.

An extensive encoding scheme that can represent the characters of many of the languages in the world is ______.

Unicode

A(n) ______ program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program.

compiler

A video display is a(n) ______.

output device

The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called ______.

pixels

A(n) ______ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

program

A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time - even when there is no power to the computer - is called ______

secondary storage

What are the words that make up a high-level language called?

Key Words

What type of software controls the internal operations of the computer's hardware?

Operating Systems

This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running.

RAM

In a(n) ______ numbering system, all numbered values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s.

binary

A byte is made up of eight ______.

bits

In the ______ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform.

decode

The words that make up a high-level programming language are called ______.

key words

Computers can only execute programs that are written in ______.

machine language

The computer stores a program while the program is running as well as the data that the program is working with, in ______.

main memory

Today, CPUs are small chips known as ______.

microprocessors

What are the short words that are used in assembly language called?

mnemonics