CT Module 1, CT Module 3, CT Module 4, CT Module 5, CT Module 6, CT Module 7, CT Module 9, CT Module 10, CT Module 11, CT Module 12
When performing a routine CT scan of the neck, which pitch would result in the highest patient dose? a. 0.7 b. 1.0 c. 1.2 d. 1.7
a. 0.7
When performing a routine CT scan of the neck, which pitch would result in the highest resolution? a. 0.7 b. 1.0 c. 1.2 d. 1.7
a. 0.7
On this image, which number corresponds to the right coronary artery (RCA)? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
a. 1
Sinus masses most often occur in which of the following sinuses? 1. frontal 2. maxillary 3. ethmoid a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2 and 3
a. 1 and 2
Tube arcing occurs: 1. inside the x-ray tube. 2. outside the x-ray tube 3. because of fluctuations in line voltage. a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2 and 3
a. 1 and 2
Which of the following workstation applications would most likely be used by cardiologists? 1. ejection fraction 2. calcium scoring 3. stereotaxis a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1,2 and 3
a. 1 and 2
For postprocessed 3-D images of a chest CT angiogram (CTA), which pitch would provide images with the highest quality? a. 1.0 b. 1.2 c. 1.35 d. 1.7
a. 1.0
What is the half-life of most PET radionuclides? a. 10 to 110 minutes b. 10 minutes to 8 hours c. 1 to 8 hours d. 15 minutes to 8 hours
a. 10 to 110 minutes
A CT tube anode angle of _____ degrees would result in the smallest effective focal spot size. a. 8 b. 12 c. 15 d. 18
a. 8
________ pancreatic cancer is the most common type. a. Exocrine b. Endocrine c. Excisional d. Inlet
a. Exocrine
The recommended bone algorithm WW/WL for a routine thoracic/lumbar spine CT is: a. WW 2000; WL 200. b. WW 2000; WL 100. c. WW 200; WL 2000. d. WW 400; WL 50.
a. WW 2000; WL 200.
The parasite that causes toxoplasmosis is made up of ________ cell(s). a. a single b. 2 c. 3 d. multiple and complex
a. a single
Auto milliamperage is generally used during the acquisition of: a. a topogram b. a region-of-interest. c. a standard convolution algorithm. d. interative data.
a. a topogram
Adrenal myelolipomas are composed of lymphocytes, hemopoietic cells and ________. a. adipose tissue b. bone cells c. muscle tissue d. neurologic tissue
a. adipose tissue
What does the Fourier transform calculate? a. attenuation-to-detector time b. patient dose c. convolution d. projection data
a. attenuation-to-detector time
Using the Bosniak classification system, a category I cyst would be considered a: a. benign simple cyst. b. malignant simple cyst. c. malignant cystic mass. d. benign cystic mass.
a. benign simple cyst.
Which of the following is a filtering technique in which the reformatted raw data are copied to create what looks like the original raw data set? a. convolution b. kernel c. mulitplanar reconstruction d. sectional reformatting
a. convolution
Fourth generation scanners employed detectors that were: a. curved/nonrotating. b. linear/rotating. c. curved/rotating. d. linear/nonrotating.
a. curved/nonrotating.
Image noise can be reduced by: a. decreasing mAs. b. increasing slice thickness. c. decreasing pixel size. d. A and C are correct.
a. decreasing mAs.
Which of the following muscles are most closely associated with the thoracic outlet? a. diaphragm b. levator costarums c. intercostal d. A and C are correct.
a. diaphragm
Which of the following most closely approximates the actual radiation dose to a specific patient for a specific exam? a. dose length product (DLP) b. multiple scan average dose (MSAD) c. CTDI
a. dose length product (DLP)
Which of the following medications may be used to treat bradycardia? a. epinephrine b. naloxone c. soluMedrol d. diphenhydramine
a. epinephrine
Which of the following terms is most closely associated with image reconstruction immediately following a scan? a. filtered backprojection b. interleaved sampling c. longitudinal interpolation d. multiplanar postprocessing
a. filtered backprojection
Which of the following types of scanners used water bags? a. first generation only b. first and second generation c. first, second and third generation d. Water bags have never been used with CT scanning.
a. first generation only
When performing CT urography techniques, which of the following substances might be administered to increase urinary output? a. furosemide b. glucogon c. tadalafil d. sildenafil citrate
a. furosemide
Although an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) may occur anywhere in the body, the most concerning location to find an AVM would be in the ________. a. head b. thorax c. abdomen d. extremity
a. head
Portable CT scanners are primarily used for _____ studies. a. head and neck b. abdomen and pelvis c. volume-rendered d. A and B are correct.
a. head and neck
First generation scanners were only capable of imaging the: a. head/brain. b. extremities. c. chest, abdomen and pelvis. d. A and B are correct.
a. head/brain.
If extravasation occurs, contrast can be dissipated by reducing its viscosity. This can be accomplished by applying a: a. hot pack. b. cold pack. c. sterile bandage. d. peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line.
a. hot pack.
Hernias that occur around a surgical site are called _________ hernias. a. incisional b. umbilical c. inguinal d. hiatal
a. incisional
Images acquired in ciné mode require overlapping thin data sets. This results in _____ spatial resolution and _____ patient dose. a. increased; increased b. increased; decreased c. decreased; increased d. decreased; decreased
a. increased; increased
In helical/spiral scanning, overlapping results in _____ patient dose and _____ spatial resolution. a. increased; increased b. increased; decreased c. decreased; increased d. decreased; decreased
a. increased; increased
Most hernias involve portions of the ________. a. intestine b. stomach c. liver d. spleen
a. intestine
Pancolitis is also referred to as ________. a. irritable bowel disease b. gallstones c. polyps d. pancreatic cancer
a. irritable bowel disease
Which of the following terms is also referred to as a convolution algorithm? a. kernel b. interpolation c. ring artifact d. iterative algorithm
a. kernel
In this image, the structure labeled "4" corresponds to the: a. left renal artery. b. right renal artery. c. celiac axis. d. superior mesenteric artery.
a. left renal artery.
Compared to barium used for regular fluoroscopy procedures, the barium used for CT procedures is: a. less dense. b. more dense. c. of the same density.
a. less dense.
A classic sign of subdural hematoma on CT is a(an): a. midline hemisphere shift. b. presence of large areas of radiopaque density. c. orbital protrusion. d. maxillary sinus blood pooling.
a. midline hemisphere shift.
Ghosting refers to _____ artifacts. a. motion b. cupping c. ring d. static
a. motion
Which of the following medications most likely would be used to treat chest pain caused by angina? a. nitroglycerin b. soluMedrol c. dopamine d. naloxone
a. nitroglycerin
Interpolation is directly affected by: a. pitch. b. focal spot size. c. filtered backprojection. d. A and B are correct.
a. pitch.
When performing a CTA thoracic/abdominal dissection protocol, what is the preferred IV insertion site? a. right arm b. left arm c. right foot d. A and B are correct.
a. right arm
When performing a CTA carotid exam, the preferred IV insertion site is the: a. right arm. b. left arm. c. right foot. d. A and B are correct.
a. right arm.
A simple cyst appears on a CT scan as ________. a. round b. white c. irregular d. blank space because simple cysts cannot be seen using CT
a. round
Which of the following techniques reduces edge gradient artifacts? a. scanning with thinner slices b. decreasing data sampling rates c. scanning with thicker slices d. using detectors with large apertures
a. scanning with thinner slices
Which of the following is the most effective type of CT detector? a. scintillation b. xenon gas c. linear array d. photodiode
a. scintillation
Partial volume averaging occurs when: a. similar tissue types share the same voxel. b. cardiac studies are performed. c. metal objects are present within the patient or the patient's clothing. d. detector elements fail.
a. similar tissue types share the same voxel.
The CT dose index (CTDI) is most accurate when applied to: a. single-slice scanners. b. multislice scanners. c. helical/spiral scanners.
a. single-slice scanners.
Which of the following arteries is the largest branch of the celiac artery? a. splenic b. hepatic c. left gastric d. superior mesenteric
a. splenic
Edge gradient artifacts appear as a: a. streak. b. ring. c. band of noise across the image. d. white circles.
a. streak.
Which of the following conditions is an indication for a CT scan of the head without intravenous (IV) contrast? a. stroke b. aneurysm c. metastatic disease d. arteriovenous malformation
a. stroke
Which of the following image manipulation tools is most useful for viewing 3-D images? a. swivel b. pan c. zoom d. scroll
a. swivel
The half-scan algorithm technique is used to improve: a. temporal resolution. b. uniformity. c. linearity. d. spatial resolution.
a. temporal resolution.
Nutating refers to the process of: a. tilting the detector ring. b. tilting the x-ray tube. c. tilting the gantry. d. translation.
a. tilting the detector ring.
A log amplifier calculates the amount of attenuation that occurs during data acquisition. a. true b. false
a. true
Image reconstruction occurs only after a scan is completed. a. true b. false
a. true
Radiopaque nonionic contrast agents are considered safe for pregnant patients. a. true b. false
a. true
Which of the following postprocessing techniques is referred to as 4-D reconstruction? a. volume rendering b. shaded surface rendering c. curved multiplanar reconstruction d. edge enhancement
a. volume rendering
Modern CT scanners are able to differentiate tissue with density differences of less than _____ %. a. 1.0 b. 0.5 c. 0.1 d. 0.15
b. 0.5
To assure quality images for postprocessed reformats of the ankle joint, a _____-mm scan thicknesses and _____-mm slice interval is appropriate. a. 0.75; 0.04 b. 0.75; 0.4 c. 7.5; 4 d. 4; 4
b. 0.75; 0.4
Dose modulation is most closely related to which of the following terms? 1. automatic mA 2. convolution 3. automatic exposure control a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2 and 3
b. 1 and 3
Spatial resolution can be improved by using: 1. thin slice thicknesses. 2. a matrix with large pixel sizes. 3. small detector sizes. a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2 and 3
b. 1 and 3
Which of the following quality control (QC) tests should be performed daily? 1. CT number calibration 2. CT couch indexing 3. standard deviation of the CT number in water a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2 and 3
b. 1 and 3
Overlap occurs when the pitch is less than: a. .5. b. 1.0. c. 1.5. d. Overlap is not related to pitch.
b. 1.0.
For optimum enhancement of blood vessels and organs on a routine abdomen/pelvis CT scan, the average adult patient should receive _____ mL of IV contrast. a. 50 to 100 b. 100 to 150 c. 150 to 175 d. 200
b. 100 to 150
A 16-slice helical/spiral scanner produces _____ images from a single slice of scan data. a. 8 b. 16 c. 32 d. 64
b. 16
For a head CT exam, a scan field of view (SFOV) of _____ and a display field of view (DFOV) of _____ are recommended. a. 10 cm; 25 cm b. 25 mm; 25 mm c. 25 cm; 25 cm d. 75 mm; 25 mm
b. 25 mm; 25 mm
50 millisievert (mSv) is equal to: a. 15 rem. b. 5 rem. c. 50 Gy. d. 100 Gy.
b. 5 rem.
A ruptured aortic aneurysm causes death in approximately ________% of cases. a. 30 b. 50 c. 70 d. 90
b. 50
For a routine abdomen/pelvis CT scan, the recommended SFOV is _____ cm. a. 25 b. 50 c. 65 d. 75
b. 50
For a routine chest CT scan, the recommended SFOV is _____ cm. a. 25 b. 50 c. 75 d. 100
b. 50
Ninety percent of all colorectal cancers are diagnosed in people older than age ________. a. 40 b. 50 c. 60 d. 70
b. 50
For a routine thoracic/lumbar CT scan of an adult patient, the recommended SFOV is _____ cm and the recommended DFOV is _____ cm. a. 50; 50 b. 50; 12-20 c. 25; 12-20 d. 25; 25
b. 50; 12-20
For a routine abdomen/pelvis CT scan, the slices thickness should be _____ mm and the slice interval should be _____ mm. a. 3; 5 b. 5; 5 c. 10; 5 d. 5; 10
b. 5; 5
Which of the following includes a sampler, quantizer and a coder? a. DAC b. ADC c. DAS d. detector array
b. ADC
The esophagus, which is a continuation of the pharynx, begins at the level of: a. C3. b. C6. c. T1. d. T3.
b. C6.
Which of the following tests determines the ability of the patient table to return to its original position after the scan? a. CT table indexing b. CT table backlash c. localization device accuracy d. slice width
b. CT table backlash
Curved planar reformats are most often performed for: a. trauma CT/abdomen and pelvis. b. CTA. c. virtual bronchoscopy. d. B and C are correct.
b. CTA.
Which operation forms the basis for CT reconstruction? a. Lambert-Beer Law b. Fourier transform c. convolution d. filtered-back projection
b. Fourier transform
Which type(s) of contrast media is(are) required for CTA? a. oral/intravenous (IV) b. IV only c. oral only d. A contrast medium is not required for CTA.
b. IV only
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is defined as a lymphoma that does not involve: a. major organs. b. Reed-Sternberg cells. c. white blood cells. d. the brain.
b. Reed-Sternberg cells.
________ aneurysms account for one-third of all intra-abdominal aneurysms and often are a result of pregnancy. a. Hepatic b. Splenic c. Pulmonary d. Mesenteric
b. Splenic
Which window width (WW)/window level (WL) would be appropriate to display the lungs and air-filled spaces on a routine chest CT scan? a. WW 400; WL 40 b. WW 1500; WL -600 c. WW 1500; WL 600 d. WW 40; WL -600
b. WW 1500; WL -600
Second generation scanning employed: a. a pencil beam/a single detector. b. a fan beam/multidetectors. c. more indexing (compared with first generation scanners) d. B and C are correct.
b. a fan beam/multidetectors.
Which of the following medications may be used to prevent nephrotoxicity? a. metformin b. acetylcysteine c. glucophage d. diphenhydramine
b. acetylcysteine
Which of the following sources of radiation were used in Hounsfield's first primitive CT scanner? a. x-ray b. americium c. radium d. radon
b. americium
The opening formed by the union of the left and right crura is called the _____ hiatus. a. cardiac b. aortic c. esophageal d. semilunar
b. aortic
Aneurysms are most commonly found in the _________. a. veins b. arteries c. capillaries d. pulmonary tissue
b. arteries
Backprojection is associated with: a. helical/spiral scanning. b. artifacts. c. increased image sharpness. d. pitch.
b. artifacts.
What is the linearity phantom used to test? a. spatial resolution b. assignment of CT numbers to known linear attenuation coefficients c. contrast resolution d. temporal resolution
b. assignment of CT numbers to known linear attenuation coefficients
In this image, the structure identified as "2" corresponds to the: a. hemiazygos vein. b. azygos vein. c. thoracic inlet. d. thoracic outlet.
b. azygos vein.
The data acquisition system (DAS) is located: a. between the detectors and the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). b. between the detectors and the computer. c. between the detectors and the digital-to-analog converter (DAC). d. in the gantry.
b. between the detectors and the computer.
CT fluoroscopy is especially useful for: a. VR colonography. b. biopsies. c. xenon studies. d. vessel tracking.
b. biopsies.
Beam-shaping filters are designed to: a. remove higher-energy photons from the beam. b. change the spatial distribution of the beam. c. decrease subject contrast. d. restrict the path of photons coming from the x-ray tube.
b. change the spatial distribution of the beam.
Gallstones are most frequently composed of ________. a. fat b. cholesterol c. connective tissue d. calcium
b. cholesterol
Which of the following is not a common indication for computed tomography angiography (CTA)? a. aortic aneurysm b. circle of Willis aneurysm c. aortic dissection d. pulmonary embolus
b. circle of Willis aneurysm
According to the module, which of the following exams detects a higher percentage of clinically significant polyps? a. CT colonography b. colonoscopy c. double-contrast barium enema d. single-contrast barium enema
b. colonoscopy
Which of the following types of beam geometry results in increased scatter? a. pencil beam b. cone beam c. fan beam d. parallel beam
b. cone beam
Which of the following x-ray beam geometries is used by modern, multidetector CT scanners? a. pencil beam b. cone beam c. fan beam d. pinpoint beam
b. cone beam
Lung space normally appears on a CT scan as ________. a. white b. dark c. gray d. blurry
b. dark
What is the effect of increased image noise? a. increased contrast resolution b. decreased contrast resolution c. improved image quality d. A and C are correct.
b. decreased contrast resolution
When manipulating an image using the zoom tool, the resolution: a. increases. b. decreases. c. stays the same.
b. decreases.
The cause of hydrocephalus is the lack of cerebrospinal fluid ________. a. production b. drainage c. movement d. replacement
b. drainage
Trauma is defined as serious damage to the human body as the result of ________. a. congenital malformations b. external force c. acquired disease d. malicious intent only
b. external force
CT is the modality of choice to evaluate the genitourinary system. a. true b. false
b. false
One advantage of reformatting is that image detail is increased. a. true b. false
b. false
To achieve optimum detail and the thinnest slice possible, modern spiral-helical CT scanner x-ray tubes contain only one filament/focal spot. a. true b. false
b. false
Virtual reality (VR) and volume rendering imaging techniques are identical. a. true b. false
b. false
Which of the following terms refers to the automatic removal of artifacts that occur in anatomy of various densities? a. backprojection b. filtered backprojection c. z-axis filtering d. interleaved sampling
b. filtered backprojection
Increased pitch results in: a. increased spatial resolution. b. increased partial volume averaging. c. increased image contrast. d. ring artifacts.
b. increased partial volume averaging.
An ECG-gated technique for the entire thoracic and abdominal aorta is not recommended because of: a. long interscan delays. b. increased patient dose. c. short scan times. d. motion artifacts.
b. increased patient dose.
CT scanners used for radiation therapy planning have gantry openings that are _____ than(as) the typical CT scanner. a. smaller b. larger c. the same size d. CT scanners are not used for treatment planning.
b. larger
Which of the following tests uses a solid plastic phantom with two holes drilled into it at 90 degrees angles to form an "X"? a. low-contrast resolution b. localization device accuracy c. CT numbers calibration d. high-contrast resolution
b. localization device accuracy
Compared with traditional single-slice axial scanners, helical/spiral scanners acquire images at _____ rate. b. lower partial volume averaging. b. a slower c. the same
b. lower partial volume averaging.
Compared with volume acquisition, axial acquisition results in: a. increased noise. b. lower partial volume averaging. c. better high-contrast resolution. d. thinner slices.
b. lower partial volume averaging.
Which type of postprocessing technique would most likely be used for CT virtual colonography exams? a. MIP b. minIP c. volume rendering d. shaded surface rendering
b. minIP
Xenon studies are most closely associated with: a. radiation oncology treatment planning. b. neurology studies. c. cardiology studies. d. virtual reality (VR) colonography.
b. neurology studies.
For a routine CT scan of the neck, the gantry should: a. be angled perpendicular to the OML. b. not be angled. c. be angled to coincide with the OML. d. be angled to coincide with the MML.
b. not be angled.
First generation CT scanners used _____ beam scanning. a. cone b. pencil c. fan d. pinpoint
b. pencil
Large array parallel processors are responsible for: a. executing several tasks sequentially. b. performing numerous tasks simultaneously . c. assessing faulty detector arrays. d. hardening the x-ray beam.
b. performing numerous tasks simultaneously
A collection of vegetables that cannot be digested and collects in the stomach outlet is known as a ________. a. trichobezoar b. phytobezoar c. trichophytobezoar d. hairball
b. phytobezoar
Which of the following artifacts is a result of faulty detector elements? a. partial volume averaging b. ring artifacts c. aliasing artifacts d. streaking
b. ring artifacts
How can partial volume averaging be reduced? a. scanning with thicker slices b. scanning with thinner slices c. using a half-scan algorithm d. B and C are correct.
b. scanning with thinner slices
Which of the following detector types produces higher quality images? a. gas b. scintillation c. linear
b. scintillation
Which of the following is not considered part of the rotator cuff? a. subscapularis b. teres major c. infraspinatus d. supraspinatus
b. teres major
Which generation of CT scanners was the first to use a curved array of rotating detectors? a. second b. third c. fourth d. fifth
b. third
Dissecting aneurysms occur most frequently in the ________. a. abdomen b. thorax c. brain d. lower extremities
b. thorax
A topogram for a CT scan of the neck must include the ______ to the _____ . a. vertex of the skull ; axilla b. vertex of the skull ; mid-chest c. OML; mandibular rami d. OML; axilla
b. vertex of the skull ; mid-chest
This image represents an example of: a. straightened multiplanar reformat b. volume-rendered 3-D. c. neuro digital subtraction angiography. d. curved planar reformat.
b. volume-rendered 3-D.
Which of the following applications uses various colors to represent Hounsfield units? a. straightened multiplanar reformat b. volume-rendered 3-D. c. neuro digital subtraction angiography. d. curved planar reformat.
b. volume-rendered 3-D.
Lymphoma is the result of ________ cells behaving abnormally. a. neurologic b. white blood c. red blood d. stem
b. white blood
For a spiral/helical head CT scan using a multidetector configuration, the recommended pitch is: a. 1 to 1.2. b. 0.7 to 1.2. c. 0.7 to 1.0. d. 1 to 1.7.
c. 0.7 to 1.0.
For a routine chest CT, the recommended pitch is: a. 0.5 to 0.8 b. 0.8 to 1.0 c. 0.8 to 1.35 d. 0.5 to 1.35
c. 0.8 to 1.35
The typical kilovolt peak (kVp) range used for CT scans is: a. 90-100. b. 100-120. c. 100-140. d. 120-160.
c. 100-140.
The ability of the CT scanner to calculate image data from multiple, overlapping acquisition data sets is called _____ sampling. 1. interpretive 2. interleaved 3. interlaced a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2 and 3
c. 2 and 3
Which of the following types of CT scanners are capable of effectively imaging a beating heart? 1. 16-slice 2. 64-slice 3. 128-slice a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2 and 3
c. 2 and 3
The recommended slice thickness for a routine CT scan of the neck is _____ mm. a. 1 b. 1.5 to 2.5 c. 2.5 to 3 d. 5
c. 2.5 to 3
Rupture of the appendix and peritonitis generally are indicated with a white blood cell count that exceeds ________ mm3. a. 14,000 b. 16,000 c. 20,000 d. 24,0003
c. 20,000
For a CT scan of the neck, the recommended DFOV is _____ cm and the SFOV is _____ cm. a. 50; 22-25 b. 50; 50 c. 22-25; 50 d. 22-25; 22-25
c. 22-25; 50
In this image, which number corresponds to the right atrium? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 5
c. 3
When scanning a head with IV contrast, a scan delay of _____ is recommended. a. 30 seconds to 1 minute b. 1 to 2 minutes c. 3 to 4 minutes d. 10 minutes
c. 3 to 4 minutes
For PET-CT procedures, the patient must rest and fast for _____ hour(s) before injection and subsequent scanning. a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 8
c. 4
For CT trauma imaging of the abdomen/pelvis, a contrast medium often is administered via a nasogastric tube. It generally takes contrast _____ minutes to migrate through the digestive tract. a. 10 b. 30 c. 45 d. 60
c. 45
Patients taking metformin should stop taking the medication _____ hours after IV contrast media injection. a. 12 b. 24 c. 48 d. 72
c. 48
In this image, which number corresponds to the celiac axis? a. 1 b. 2 c. 5 d. None of these numbers
c. 5
The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) recommends that the annual occupational dose for imaging professionals not exceed: a. 1 mSv b. 5 mSv c. 50 mSv d. 1 Sv
c. 50 mSv
In this image, which number corresponds to the teres major muscle? a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 7
c. 6
What is the window level if the CT/Hounsfield range is 200 to 1000? a. 400 b. 500 c. 600 d. 800
c. 600
A standard window width (WW) of _____ is used to demonstrate brain tissue. a. 20-40 b. 60-80 c. 80-100 d. 100-200
c. 80-100
CT scanner x-ray tube voltages range from ______ to _____ kilovolts (kV). a. 60; 100 b. 80; 120 c. 80; 140 d. 100; 160
c. 80; 140
The trigger threshold for a pulmonary embolus CT exam is _____ Hounsfield units (HU). a. 0 to 50 b. 50 to 90 c. 90 to 100 d. 100 to 200
c. 90 to 100
The scout (topogram) image for a CT of the head must include _____ through the vertex of the skull. a. C2 b. the external auditory meatus (EAM) c. C1 d. floor of the orbits
c. C1
Which of the following is considered a secondary protective radiation barrier? a. lead apron b. thyroid shield c. CT control room walls d. protective glasses
c. CT control room walls
The celiac artery corresponds to the level of: a. T7. b. T11. c. L1. d. L3.
c. L1.
The renal arteries correspond to the level of: a. T8. b. T10. c. L2. d. L4.
c. L2.
The bifurcation of the abdominal aorta occurs at the level of: a. L1. b. L3. c. L4. d. L5.
c. L4.
The left ventricle of the heart corresponds to which level of the thoracic spine? a. T2 b. T5 c. T8 d. T10
c. T8
Filtered backprojection is most closely associated with: a. ring artifacts. b. aliasing artifacts. c. artifact-free images. d. misregistration.
c. artifact-free images.
Linear attenuation coefficients are directly related to: a. helical/spiral scanners only. b. axial scanners only. c. attenuation. d. patient dose.
c. attenuation.
A topogram image for a routine abdomen CT should include the _____ to the _____ . a. jugular notch; pubic symphysis b. jugular notch; iliac crests c. axilla; iliac crests d. xiphoid tip; iliac crests
c. axilla; iliac crests
Tube arcing appears as a: a. ring artifact. b. streak artifact. c. band of increased noise across the image. d. cone-beam artifact.
c. band of increased noise across the image.
Meningiomas are clinically and histologically ________. a. malignant b. inoperable c. benign d. asymptomatic
c. benign
The lung windows used to visualize pulmonary tissue on CT cause the surrounding anatomy to appear: a. dark gray. b. black. c. bright white. d. invisible.
c. bright white.
Atherosclerosis is the result of ________ deposits in the coronary arteries. a. fat b. cholesterol c. calcium d. glucose
c. calcium
A CT gantry includes all of the following components except: a. collimators. b. detectors. c. central processing unit. d. bow tie filters.
c. central processing unit.
A digital-to-analog converter is needed to: a. change the remnant beam to an electric signal. b. transform the electric signal to light. c. display data on a LCD monitor. d. encode transmitted radiation into binary data.
c. display data on a LCD monitor.
Which of the following exams has been replaced by CT colonography? a. small bowel follow-through b. fiber-optic colonoscopy c. double-contrast barium enema d. All of the above are correct.
c. double-contrast barium enema
Which generation of CT scanners is associated with the term "EBCT" and the use of an electron beam gun? a. seventh b. sixth c. fifth d. fourth
c. fifth
In a _____ CT scanner, the x-ray tube rotates continuously around the patient as the patient travels through the gantry. a. high-speed b. axial c. helical/spiral d. third-generation
c. helical/spiral
Generators are often times located within the gantry. These types of generators are typically: a. full wave/three-phase. b. medium frequency. c. high frequency. d. multiwave/two-phase.
c. high frequency.
The Lambert-Beer Law is most closely associated with a _____ beam. a. polychromatic b. fanned c. homogeneous d. heterogeneous
c. homogeneous
The term "misregistration" refers to: a. backprojection reconstruction. b. noise. c. incorrect image reconstruction. d. convolution.
c. incorrect image reconstruction.
For CT scanning, as mAs increases, patient dose _____ and image noise _____ . a. decreases; decreases b. increases; increases c. increases; decreases d. decreases; increases
c. increases; decreases
The most common type of hernia is the ________ hernia. a. incisional b. umbilical c. inguinal d. hiatal
c. inguinal
As the display field of view increases, the resulting radiation dose to the patient: a. decreases b. increases c. is not affected.
c. is not affected.
A stroke caused by the blockage of a blood vessel is called a(n) ________ stroke. a. hypovolemic b. hemorrhagic c. ischemic d. avascular
c. ischemic
A pitch of _____ results in the highest dose to the patient. a. 1 b. 2 c. less than 1 d. Pitch does not affect patient dose.
c. less than 1
The appendix is composed primarily of ________ tissue. a. muscle b. adipose c. lymphatic d. connective
c. lymphatic
Modern CT scanners rely on _____ to process acquired data. a. supercomputers b. mainframe computers c. minicomputers d. microcomputers
c. minicomputers
Which of the following substances would most likely be administered to enhance visualization of the cardiac arteries? a. sildenafil citrate b. vardenafil citrate c. nitroglycerin d. tadalafil citrate
c. nitroglycerin
Which of the following devices is the most accurate monitor used to measure occupational radiation exposure? a. film badge b. thermoluminescent dosimeter c. optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter d. Geiger counter
c. optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter
When scanning the head/brain, which radiographic baseline should be oriented parallel to the axial scan plane? a. mentomeatal line (MML) b. infraorbitomeatal line (IOML) c. orbitomeatal line (OML) d. acanthiomeatal line (AML)
c. orbitomeatal line (OML)
In this image, the structure labeled "1" corresponds to the: a. stomach. b. spleen. c. pancreas. d. small intestines.
c. pancreas.
A typical symptom of sarcoma might include: a. weight gain. b. hyperactivity. c. pathologic fracture. d. atrophy at the tumor site.
c. pathologic fracture.
Which of the following would normally not be used to administer contrast with a power injector? a. power PICC line b. power port-a-cath c. perma-cath d. A and B are correct.
c. perma-cath
When performing a CTA exam of both the right and left subclavian arteries, which of the following is the preferred IV insertion site? a. right arm b. left arm c. right foot d. A and B are correct.
c. right foot
The detectors measure the transmitted x-ray beam. The beam that has been attenuated or changed after interacting with the tissues of the patient is called the _____ beam. a. primary b. incoming c. secondary d. dominant
c. secondary
Which of the following factors decreases contrast resolution? a. smaller field of view b. smaller matrix size c. smaller pixel size d. higher mAs
c. smaller pixel size
CT for suspected cholecystitis is suggested by the American College of Radiology when ________ images are inconclusive. a. magnetic resonance (MR) b. radiography c. sonography d. nuclear medicine
c. sonography
Which three veins empty into the porta vein? a. splenic, gastric, hepatic b. splenic, gastric, superior mesenteric c. splenic, inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric d. gastric, inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric
c. splenic, inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric
In this image, the structure labeled "4" corresponds to the _____ muscle. a. deltoid b. infraspinatus c. supraspinatus d. teres major
c. supraspinatus
Ring artifacts only appear in _____ scanners. a. first generation b. second generation c. third generation d. multislice
c. third generation
Which of the following is not considered part of the middle mediastinum? a. heart b. superior vena cava (SVC) c. thoracic aorta d. inferior vena cava (IVC)
c. thoracic aorta
Which of the following exams is most beneficial for patients with obscure GI bleeds? a. single-phase enterography b. biphase enterography c. triphase enterography d. virtual noncontrast image
c. triphase enterography
Which of the following modalities are most often coupled with CT to perform interventional procedures? a. magnetic resonance imaging b. PET c. ultrasound d. nuclear medicine
c. ultrasound
The CT technologist's role in diagnosing disease is: a. defining pathology for interpretive reports. b. explaining pathology to emergency department personnel. c. understanding disease well enough to provide high-quality images. d. nonexistent; the technologist has no role to play in diagnosing disease.
c. understanding disease well enough to provide high-quality images.
Cupping artifacts are most closely related to which image quality? a. linearity b. contrast resolution c. uniformity d. temporal resolution
c. uniformity
Which of the following techniques requires 100% of the data set for postprocessing? a. MIP b. minimum intensity projection (minIP) c. volume rendering d. shaded surface rendering
c. volume rendering
When using a gonadal shield for a CT exam, the shield should be: a. placed anteriorly (on top of the pelvis). b. placed posteriorly (underneath the pelvis). c. wrapped 360 degrees around the patient. d. It is not necessary to use gonadal shielding for CT scans.
c. wrapped 360 degrees around the patient.
In sixth generation CT scanners, which of the following elements rotate around the patient? a. the x-ray tube b. detectors c. x-ray tube and detectors d. No choices are correct.
c. x-ray tube and detectors
Ewing sarcoma can be treated by: 1. chemotherapy. 2. surgery. 3. radiation therapy. a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2 and 3
d. 1, 2 and 3
Filament size is directly related to: 1. slice thickness. 2. mA selected. 3. spatial resolution. a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2 and 3
d. 1, 2 and 3
Toxoplasmosis can be transmitted through infected: 1. food and water. 2. cat feces. 3. blood transfusions. a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2 and 3
d. 1, 2 and 3
Coronal and sagittal reconstructions of the lumbar spine require a slice thickness of _____ mm. a. 10 b. 5 c. 3 d. 1-2
d. 1-2
A whole-body PET-CT scan takes approximately _____ minutes. a. 3 to 5 b. 5 to 15 c. 15 to 30 d. 10 to 40
d. 10 to 40
The trigger threshold for an abdomen/pelvis CTA is _____ HU. a. 0 to 50 b. 50 to 75 c. 75 to 100 d. 125 to 150
d. 125 to 150
In this image, which number corresponds to the left atrium? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
d. 4
A CT scanner with 16 detector rows, each scanning 4 widths, is called a _____ -slice scanner. a. 4 b. 8 c. 16 d. 64
d. 64
Gating is a technique that can effectively reduce patient dose by as much as _____ %. a. 100 b. 90 c. 80 d. 70
d. 70
About ________% of pheochromocytomas are benign. a. 10 b. 50 c. 70 d. 90
d. 90
What does longitudinal interpolation with z-axis filtering calculate? a. interslice distance b. pitch c. filtered backprojection d. A and B are correct
d. A and B are correct
The term "translation" is associated with _____ generation scanners. a. first b. second c. third d. A and B are correct.
d. A and B are correct.
Beam-shaping filters are generally composed of: a. aluminum. b. copper. c. teflon. d. A and C are correct.
d. A and C are correct.
This image represents an example of a: a. CTA carotid. b. CT venogram. c. volume-rendered 3-D. d. A and C are correct.
d. A and C are correct.
Which of the following terms is associated with seventh generation spiral-helical technology? a. multisection scanner b. multidetector scanner c. multiple detector array scanner d. All choices are correct.
d. All choices are correct.
Which type of tumor would most likely be treated with cryoablation? a. liver b. kidney c. bone d. All of the above are correct.
d. All of the above are correct.
Spiral-helical CT scanning is based on: a. sequential data acquisition. b. slip-ring technology. c. volume data acquisition. d. B and C are correct.
d. B and C are correct.
This image of the circle of Willis represents an example of: a. curved planar reformat. b. volume-rendered 3-D c. neuro digital subtraction angiography d. B and C are correct.
d. B and C are correct.
Which of the following tests determines the uniformity of CT numbers throughout the image? a. high-contrast resolution b. low-contrast resolution c. standard deviation of CT numbers in water d. CT number flatness
d. CT number flatness
If motion is an issue, which technique is preferred when imaging the aortic root, ascending aorta or thoracic aorta? a. deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap procedure b. volume-rendered 3-D c. electrocardiogram (ECG)-nongated protocol d. ECG-gated protocol
d. ECG-gated protocol
Hodgkin lymphoma that is detected in organs other than the lymph nodes would be considered Stage ________. a. I b. II c. III d. IV
d. IV
________ usually is the treatment of choice for large aneurysms. a. Stenting b. Clotting c. Pharmacological intervention d. Surgical intervention
d. Surgical intervention
For a routine abdomen/pelvis CT, the recommended WW/WL is: a. WW 40-60; WL350-400. b. WW 1500; WL 600. c. WW 600; WL 1500. d. WW 350-400; WL 40-60.
d. WW 350-400; WL 40-60.
Which of the following arteries is the first branch off the aortic arch? a. left common carotid b. left vertebral c. left subclavian d. brachiocephalic/inominate
d. brachiocephalic/inominate
The process related to the first computed tomography scanner was called: a. computer-assisted tomography. b. reconstructive tomography. c. Hounsfield tomography. d. computerized transverse axial scanning.
d. computerized transverse axial scanning.
Modern multislice CT scanners use _____ geometry. a. fan-beam b. parallel-beam c. pencil-thin beam d. cone-beam
d. cone-beam
This image represents an example of: a. straightened multiplaner reformat. b. volume-rendered 3-D. c. neuro digital subtraction angiography. d. curved planar reformat.
d. curved planar reformat.
Which of the following medications most likely would be used to treat urticaria (hives)? a. metformin b. dopamine c. naloxone d. diphenhydramine
d. diphenhydramine
Weaknesses in the muscular layers of the digestive system that form pockets in the digestive system lining are called ________. a. ulcers b. spasms c. villae d. diverticula
d. diverticula
Which of the following is not a common contrast injection reaction? a. pain at the injection site b. metallic taste c. flushed feeling in the pelvis d. dyspnea
d. dyspnea
Most sarcomas originate in the ________. a. brain b. thorax c. abdomen d. extremities
d. extremities
Which radiopharmaceutical is used for positron emission tomography (PET) when imaging cancer patients? a. iodine 131 b. gallium 67 c. fluoride d. fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)
d. fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)
Which of the following techniques is used to reduce metal artifacts (eg, an orthopedic appliance)? a. high kVp (140)/high mAs/decreased pitch b. low kVp (80)/low mAs/increased pitch c. high kVp/low mAs/decreased pitch d. high kVp/high mAs/increased pitch
d. high kVp/high mAs/increased pitch
Which of the following is not an example of a kernel? a. edge enhancement filter b. smoothing filter c. standard convolution algorithm d. interative algorithm
d. interative algorithm
Which of the following terms refers to the center of the scan field? a. z axis b. target c. epicenter d. isocenter
d. isocenter
Which of the following processes is associated with reconstructing volumetric acquired data to make the data look like individual slices? a. backprojection b. pitch c. filtering d. linear interpolation
d. linear interpolation
Which of the following is not a postprocessing technique? a. image smoothing b. maximum intensity projection (MIP) c. volume rendering d. longitudinal interpolation
d. longitudinal interpolation
A smoothing filter is applied to scans that display very: a. high contrast. b. high brightness. c. low brightness. d. low contrast.
d. low contrast.
Which of the following substances has replaced water and water-methylcellulose solutions for CT enterography? a. low-concentration barium b. low-concentration iodine-based contrast c. polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution d. low-concentration barium and polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution
d. low-concentration barium and polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution
Deep vein thromboses are clots that form in the ________. a. abdomen b. thorax c. upper extremities d. lower extremities
d. lower extremities
Cone-beam artifacts only appear in _____ scanners. a. first generation b. second generation c. third generation d. multislice
d. multislice
Which of the following medications reverses the effects of narcotics? a. atropine sulfate b. diphenhydramine c. dopamine d. naloxone
d. naloxone
To assure fast scan times and immediate data processing, CT computers depend on: a. distributed processing. b. multitasking. c. multiprocessing. d. parallel processing.
d. parallel processing.
The diaphragm's movement depends on which of the following nerves? a. vagus b. splanchnic c. median d. phrenic
d. phrenic
To adequately stage lymphoma, CT images often are combined with ________ images. a. MR b. sonography c. fluoroscopy d. positron emission tomography
d. positron emission tomography
The detectors on a PET scanner measure emitted _____ . a. protons b. electrons c. carbon d. positrons
d. positrons
On this image of the male pelvis, the structure labeled "3" corresponds to the: a. rectum. b. bladder. c. testicles. d. prostate.
d. prostate.
The arrows in this image indicate the: a. transversus abdominus muscles. b. psoas minor muscles. c. rectus abdominus muscles. d. psoas major muscles.
d. psoas major muscles.
When image data is acquired by a CT scanner, it goes through a process known as: a. convolution. b. photon flux. c. digitization. d. quantization.
d. quantization.
Which of the following techniques would be used for a patient who has trouble holding his or her breath or has an irregular heart beat? a. half-scan algorithm b. prospective gating c. smoothing d. retrospective gating
d. retrospective gating
Which of the following coronary arteries are primarily responsible for supplying blood to the right atrium? a. left coronary b. circumflex c. left anterior descending coronary d. right coronary
d. right coronary
Which two lobes of the liver are separated by the falciform ligament? a. quadrate/caudate b. right/caudate c. left/quadrate d. right/left
d. right/left
Which of the following International System of Units (SI) measurements is associated with monitoring radiology staff? a. coulomb/kilogram (C/kg) b. becquerel (Bq) c. gray (Gy) d. sievert (Sv)
d. sievert (Sv)
All power to the gantry of a spiral-helical CT scanner is conveyed via: a. high-tension cables. b. rotating wire brushes. c. photon flux. d. slip rings.
d. slip rings.
In multislice CT scanners, detector systems with equal-size detector elements are called _____ arrays. a. linear b. curved c. adaptive d. symmetric
d. symmetric
When performing a routine chest CT scan, the scanner should be zeroed with the laser light at the: a. jugular notch. b. xiphoid tip. c. EAM. d. top of the shoulders.
d. top of the shoulders.