CTC HIST 1302 CH 20

Between 1870 in 1920, how many immigrants arrived from overseas?

25 million

Which of the following was not true of the second industrial revolution?

A boom in automobile manufacture spurred the rise of oil, rubber, and steel production.

The phrase that best captures the vision of the Knights of Labor is:

"Cooperative commonwealth."

Which of the following was not a key episode of the "great upheaval" of 1886?

America's first nationwide railroad strike

According to Social Darwinism, government should seek to help the poor, and build an activist state to regulate the nation's corporations.

False

American presidents during the Gilded Age exerted strong, effective, executive leadership.

False

At the Battle of Little Big Horn, General George Armstrong Custer's troops were victorious.

False

During the two decades following the Civil War, which were known as the golden age of the cattle kingdom, cowboys were highly paid.

False

Ida Tarbell authored the famous novel House of Mirth, which depicted the downfall of a young woman trying to "marry up" in society.

False

The Democrats were the party of big government; the Republicans were the party of laissez-faire.

False

The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which banned combinations and practices that restrain free trade, proved an immediate success, both for its clarity of language and ease of enforcement.

False

The Social Gospel movement concentrated on attacking individual sins such as drinking and Sabbath-breaking and saw nothing immoral about the pursuit of riches.

False

The West was a remarkably homogeneous region—only in the twentieth century would it become ethnically diverse.

False

The new American Indian tribes that migrated to the Great Plains were greeted with open arms and friendly words by the Indians already living there.

False

With the mechanization of manufacture, skilled workers virtually disappeared from industrial America.

False

Yale professor William Graham Sumner believed that America could achieve its ideals only with fair, progressive taxation.

False

Which of the following can be associated with the death of the Knights of Labor?

Haymarket Square

Which of the following was not a major reason for the decline and subjugation of the American Indian?

Indifference to the advantages of guns and horses weakened Indian resistance to U.S. military power.

In the late nineteenth century, the Republican Party found particularly strong support among all of the following except:

Irish Americans.

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

Munn v. Illinois; Wabash v. Illinois; Interstate Commerce Act; Lochner v. New York

What was the book in which Henry George proposed a "single tax" on real estate that would replace all other taxes?

Progress and Poverty

All of the following were "captains of industry" except:

Samuel Gompers.

Which of the following was John D. Rockefeller's company?

Standard Oil Company

The first federal agency intended to regulate economic activity, and ensure that railroad rates were reasonable, and favoritism was avoided was:

The Interstate Commerce Commission.

Which of the following was not a theme of Social Darwinism?

The growing gulf between the haves and the have-nots poses a dire threat to American freedom.

Two of the Gilded Age's leading business figures were:

Thomas A. Scott and Andrew Carnegie.

"Vertical integration" is defined as one company controlling every phase of the business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution.

True

A significant amount of Mexican-era landholdings were made available for sale because United States courts only recognized land titles to individual plots of land.

True

By the 1880s, the labor situation was such that Texas cowboys even went on strike for higher pay.

True

By the early 1890s, a pension system for Union soldiers, their widows, and children consumed more than 40 percent of the federal budget.

True

During the second industrial revolution, wage labor became America's leading source of livelihood.

True

Following the Civil War, generals like Philip H. Sheridan set out to destroy the foundations of the American Indian economy.

True

In 1869, President Ulysses S. Grant announced a new "peace policy" in the West.

True

In the late 1800s, California tried to attract immigrants by advertising its pleasant climate and the availability of land, although large-scale corporate farms were coming to dominate the state's agriculture.

True

Inspired in part by President Garfield's assassination by a disappointed office seeker, the Civil Service Act of 1883 created a merit system for federal employees.

True

Neither of the two main political parties embraced any serious federal program to cushion citizens from poverty or unemployment.

True

On December 29, 1890, soldiers killed between 150 and 200 American Indians, mostly women and children, near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota.

True

The Civil Service Act of 1883 marked the first step in establishing a professional civil service and removing officeholding from the hands of political machines.

True

The Electricity Building at the Chicago World's Fair of 1893 astonished visitors and illustrated how electricity was changing the visual landscape.

True

The Haymarket Affair resulted in the hanging of four convicted anarchists.

True

The Knights of Labor regarded inequalities of wealth and power as a growing threat to American democracy.

True

The extermination of the North American bison (buffalo) drastically undermined the livelihood of the Plains Indians.

True

The most famous American Indian victory in American history took place in June 1876 when General George A. Custer and his 250 men perished.

True

The term "Lochnerism" derived from the 1905 Supreme Court decision Lochner v. New York, in which the Court voided the state's law establishing a ten-hour day maximum for bakers.

True

Wage reductions were commonplace during economic downturns.

True

The political "boss" of New York City in the early 1870s was:

William Marcy Tweed.

The politics of Gilded Age America was said to be:

a time of dishonesty and corruption in which corporations battled each other for special consideration by local state and federal governments.

Which of the following best describes the "Ghost Dance"?

feared by U.S. Army officials

Which of the following was not a focus of debate between Democrats and Republicans during the Gilded Age?

federal income tax levels

According to Eric Foner, the federal government contributed to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century by:

granting land to railroads, removing Indians from desirable lands in the West, and enacting high tariffs.

The 1887 Dawes Act:

led to the loss of tribal lands and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions.

Which was not a central factor in the explosive economic growth in the second Industrial Revolution?

low tariffs

By 1913, the United States produced how much of the world's industrial output?

one-third

In which industry did Andrew Carnegie make his fortune?

steel

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the years from 1873 to 1897 were known as:

the Great Depression.

What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886?

the Knights of Labor

The industrial revolution in the United States took place principally in:

the Northeast and the Midwest.

The spirit of innovation contributed importantly to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century. Which of the following was not an innovation of the 1870s and 1880s?

the airplane

In 1890, the distribution of wealth in the United States was:

the top 1 percent of Americans owned more property than the remaining 99 percent