cultural psych final

You are a therapist who is hoping to treat a patient by asking him to understand his own past, to accept that his past is a part of him, and to learn to feel gratitude and guilt toward those around him. What type of treatment is this?

Naikan therapy

Which of the following statements is true?

There is a strong positive correlation between a culture's emphasis on romantic love and the divorce rate.

Which of the following would be an example of secondary control?

You convince yourself that taking the bus to work is not so bad after all.

Shawn displays something that can be characterized as being a ritualized display of excitement. What does this imply?

People from other cultures likely cannot recognize that he is excited.

Which of the following is not considered to be universally attractive?

An average size body.

Trust toward strangers

is weaker in collectivistic cultures.

Ursula, an American real estate agent, and Jing, a Chinese real estate agent, are trying to figure out what to tell their clients about the market's outlook. Compared to Ursula, Jing will

predict the market will change.

A primary concern with not losing something, like face, is known as a

prevention orientation.

Which of the following is NOT one of Ekman's basic emotions?

pride

Someone who values simpatico would be more likely to

socialize with colleagues during lunch break.

People from cultures that do not have words for numbers beyond two or three

are able to discriminate between rough proportions, but not for precise numbers.

Raquel habitually engages in self-enhancement. She recently did poorly on a sociology exam. Which of the following would you NOT expect her to do?

compare herself with how the best student in her class did

Research reveals that the French paradox (the tendency for French people to have low body fat percentages despite eating a diet high in fat) is due to the French

consuming fewer calories.

Women are more likely than men to use which of the following moral ethics?

ethic of community

Which of the following is NOT part of Shweder's model of moral reasoning?

ethic of justice

Depression is a condition that is

found in every culture that has been explored.

Suicide rates

increase among the elderly in many cultures.

The two factors in the two-factor theory of emotions are

interpretations and physical responses.

On Planet X, some areas receive very little ultraviolet radiation. What skin color would you expect Planet X's people to have if they live in those areas?

light, unless their diet contains a lot of Vitamin D

According to the James-Lange theory of emotions, an emotion is a(n)

physiological reaction.

You are walking with your friend when both of you see a person on the street trip and fall. You think that the person is a clumsy person, but your friend thinks the person was distracted by something across the street. In this situation, which of the following more accurately captures what you are engaging in?

dispositional attribution

The moral reasoning of people of orthodox religious sects tend to fit the best with

the ethic of divinity.

Which of the following statements would be the most important to someone who is very liberal in North America?

"This is wrong because it is causing people a lot of pain."

A group of East Asians and Americans have won a contest, and each person is allowed to pick a car from a selection of cars. All cars are of the same make, model, and year. The only thing that differs between them is that they can be one of two colors. Furthermore, there is an extremely unequal proportion between the two colors, making the minority color very unique. Given this scenario, which of the following statements is true?

Americans will choose minority-colored cars.

According to the propinquity effect, which of the following people are most likely to become friends?

Amy and Alyssa, who meet each other at the bus stop every day

Your friend is experiencing stomachaches and goes to see a doctor. The doctor tells your friend that the problem is the result of forces being out of balance in his body, and gives him a remedy that is designed to bring those forces back into balance. What type of doctor is she most likely to be?

Chinese

During a professional ice hockey game, fans from around the world saw Tony Bertram, a professional hockey player, punch an unsuspecting player in the face and throw him onto the ice. According to analytic versus holistic thinking styles, which of the following do you think is most likely to happen?

East Asians will blame Tony's family problems, and Westerners will blame Tony's nasty personality.

Which of the following statements about "face" is true?

Face is more easily lost than it is gained.

Because Mariana, a Brazilian woman, had a terrible morning, she was very angry when she got to work at the office. As a result, her facial expression greatly resembled the basic anger expression. She walked by two coworkers on her way to her desk: Felipe (who is Brazilian) and Satoru (who is Japanese). Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Felipe is more likely than Satoru to recognize that Mariana is angry.

Lumusi is a Ghanaian teenager who reports having more enemies than does her American counterpart, Lisa. According to research discussed in the textbook on Ghana, which of the following explains why Lumusi reports having more enemies than Lisa?

Ghanaians are less likely to choose their relationship partners.

Which of the following statements about self-esteem is most accurate?

Independence is positively related to self-esteem.

Which of the following statements best reflects research on cultural differences in sleep patterns among European-Canadians, Asian-Canadians, and the Japanese?

Japanese people sleep less than European-Canadians.

You are leading a group of researchers from Japan and the United States to come up with a new invention based on current designs for the car, so that your company can submit a patent. Based on cultural differences in creative thinking, which of the following is the most likely to happen?

Japanese researchers will focus on making minor adjustments to cars to make them more functional; American researchers will focus on making revolutionizing changes to them.

Which of the following is not an effective self-enhancement strategy?

Making an upward social comparison.

Frank and Florence married for love and have been married for 20 years. Paras and Sangeeta have been in an arranged marriage for 20 years. Which person is likely to report the most happiness?

Paras

Which of the following was NOT a belief to emerge from the Protestant Reformation?

People are inherently good.

Americans are very different than most other people in the world. One factor that likely contributes to our differentness is the fact that we have high residential mobility. Which of the following was not mentioned as being associated with greater residential mobility?

Preference for buying from local merchants.

Based on research about morality among Hindu Indians and Americans, which of the following would you expect to occur?

Rahul, an Indian, is more likely than Eric, an American, to feel that attending a friend's birthday celebration is a moral issue and should be legitimately regulated.

Recent fieldwork suggests that the Saami people (an indigenous people living in parts of northern Europe) have almost 100 words to describe various kinds of reindeer. English, on the other hand, has only a tiny fraction of words used to describe reindeer. According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, what cultural difference between English and Saami speakers would result from this disparity in reindeer-related vocabulary size?

Saami speakers are better able to categorize reindeer than English speakers.

Stephen and Jon are both diagnosed with a form of anxiety disorder. The difference between them is that Stephen's primary symptoms are feeling anxious, mood fluctuations, and other mental issues. Jon's symptoms, on the other hand, are discomfort in the chest, headaches, and diarrhea. Which of the following best explains the differences in the symptoms that the two are suffering?

Stephen is going through psychologization, whereas Jon is experiencing somatization.

One foreign country has four aboriginal tribes. The Kohlrabis live in the rain forest, culturally quite distant from the mainstream culture. The Brackens live along the coast and now have very few connections to their traditional past. The Horabs live in the prairies and have always been culturally very similar to the mainstream culture. The Lithes live in the mountains and have greatly maintained connections to their traditional past. Based on Chandler and colleagues' research on Canadian First Nation youths, which tribe would one expect to be associated with higher youth suicides?

The Brackens

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa?

The age at which people first develop the disorder has gotten younger over recent years for both bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa.

Antisocial punishment is an example of a(n)

non universal

According to studies of immorality and thought, what will a Jewish person think of a man who is thinking about cheating on his wife?

The man has not violated a moral code as long as he does not act on his thoughts.

Romantic love, discussed within the context of monogamous human relationships in the textbook, exists because it was evolutionarily advantageous for our ancestors. True or false?

True—more children from parents who experienced romantic love survived to pass on their genes, compared to parents without romantic love.

Schacter and Singer's study of emotions found that people

attend to situational cues to interpret their bodily sensations.

The postconventional level of moral development is most closely associated with what code of ethic?

autonomy

The fact that people from some cultures lack an enzyme to allow them to digest milk reflects that

cultural practices can affect the evolution of human biology.

Mandia met a friend called Martina in university. Martina's boyfriend likes to go to bars to drink, and makes Martina go to bars with him. Mandia knows that Martina's boyfriend makes her go to bars, but still thinks that Martina goes because she likes to go to bars. The term that best describes Mandia's thoughts is

fundamental attribution error.

With which of the following is a low context culture most closely associated?

explicit communication

Koro is manifested by a

female patient who is deathly afraid that her nipples are shrinking into her body.

Clarice is a patient in a hospital, and the doctors are hoping to give her good health outcomes while she stays in the hospital. Which one of the following options is an example of something that has been shown to lead to positive health outcomes?

giving her control of visitation hours

Just for fun, Mary decided to tape the corners of her mouth so that she would appear to be smiling for the duration of that day. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, which of the following emotions is Mary most likely to experience as a result?

happiness

Your sister just got a new job. Her role is to be a surrogate sister for a teenage boy who has not unlocked himself from his room for a year. Ultimately, her job is to try to get the boy to get out of the house. What condition does this boy have?

hikikomori

People who are especially field dependent tend to be

holistic thinkers

Over the last fifty years, the average height of the people from the reclusive country of Druidia has been increasing. Based on data profiled in the textbook, which of the following is likeliest to be associated with this increase?

improved diet during infancy and adolescence

Cross-cultural tests of Kohlberg's model of moral reasoning reveal that

in all cultures people reason in preconventional terms before they reason in conventional terms

Romantic love is more prevalent in

individualistic cultures.

Warrin lives in an aboriginal nation comprised of many islands. He is about to travel to another island to meet his girlfriend, but in his haste, he forgot to pray to the local gods. After his trip, he falls terribly ill and feels very tired. These symptoms compel his village doctor to diagnose him with

malgri

Mike is an Asian-Canadian who just got shoved in the mall by another person. Compared to a European-Canadian who experiences the same thing, Mike is

more likely to dampen his physiological response to this even

Eric's medical results show that there is an infection in his pancreas. What is his American doctor most likely to do in response to these results?

recommend antibiotics or surgery

Pierre visited his doctor because he had been feeling sick for some time. Given what we learned about medical practices around the world, we might expect that his French doctor would

recommend vitamins and rest.

At Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development, someone is considered moral when she

refrains from stealing from a store because it is illegal.

The motivation to view oneself positively is known as

self-enhancement

Gregory has been diagnosed with depression by his psychiatrists; however, he does not really report experiencing negative affect. He primarily experiences stomach and sleep problems. Which of the following most accurately characterizes Gregory's experience?

somatization

Different languages from around the world

sometimes do not have emotion words that correspond with each of the basic emotions

Analytic thinking is associated with

taxonomic categorization.

Dr. House is a medical doctor in the United States. He is giving a seminar on health-related behaviors both to doctors from other countries and ordinary American citizens. Which group is most likely to agree with Dr. House?

the ordinary American citizens

Leslie is going on a date and wants to maximize the likelihood of her date, Jessica, feeling happy about her. Leslie decides to take Jessica to watch a highly rated comedic film. Jessica feels very happy from the film, but attributes her happiness to Leslie. Which of the following explains Jessica's attribution of her happiness to Leslie?

two-factor theory of emotions

Several real estate agents have been convicted of several counts of real estate fraud. The most plausible reaction from American and Japanese news outlets is that Japanese newspapers are likelier than American ones to

view the real estate companies to be at fault.