Culture and Diversity Psy Quiz 4

Which of the following situations would predict greater subjective well-being for Alex, who is from a collectivistic culture?

Alex abides by his culture's norms.

Ayumi is a Japanese student, and Alice is a European-Canadian student. They are both participating in a study in which they are asked to provide some self-descriptions. Which of the following is the likeliest outcome of this study?

Ayumi is likelier than Alice to say that she is both considerate and selfish.

The Department of Chemistry is trying to understand how people solve problems in organic chemistry classes. Students are given a series of complex organic chemistry problems to solve. Which of the following will characterize the students' performance?

East Asian students will perform worse on the problems if they are asked to verbally articulate their thinking process, but their performance will be relatively unaffected if they recite their own names repeatedly.

Research on cultural differences in reasoning reveals that

East Asians use analytic reasoning strategies in most math and science problems.

During a professional ice hockey game, fans from around the world saw Tony Bertram, a professional hockey player, punch an unsuspecting player in the face and throw him onto the ice. According to analytic versus holistic thinking styles, which of the following do you think is most likely to happen?

East Asians will blame Tony's family problems, and Westerners will blame Tony's nasty personality.

Derp has lived a privileged life and has always had very high subjective well-being. He is ready to change—he wants to be unhappy and have low subjective well-being. Based on the dynamic social impact theory, to which region of the United States should Derp move if he wants to become less happy and have low subjective well-being?

East South Central

Which of the following examples most accurately portrays research on cultural differences in communication style?

Endo, who is Japanese, cannot reach his friend, Tanaka, because Tanaka's cell phone is off, but Endo has great difficulty leaving messages on Tanaka's voice mail.

Comparisons of Asian Americans and Euro-Americans in their performance on Raven's progressive matrices reveals that

Euro-Americans do worse on the task if they are reciting the alphabet.

Don is from an individualistic culture, and Juan is from a collectivistic culture. According to a study by Suh and colleagues on the relationship between life satisfaction and positive affect, which of the following scenarios regarding subjective well-being is to be expected?

Experiencing more positive affect makes Don happier than it makes Juan.

A researcher asks a participant to organize a series of pictures in temporal sequence. The person organizes the pictures so that the temporal sequence goes from right to left. Which of the following most likely describes the participant?

He conceptualizes time as going from east to west, and is facing north

Based on research about the different roles and functions of happiness across cultures, how can one categorize the assumption that people necessarily want to be happy?

It is an existential universal.

The facial feedback hypothesis most closely approximates what theoretical perspective?

James-Lange theory of emotions

You are leading a group of researchers from Japan and the United States to come up with a new invention based on current designs for the car, so that your company can submit a patent. Based on cultural differences in creative thinking, which of the following is the most likely to happen?

Japanese researchers will focus on making minor adjustments to cars to make them more functional; American researchers will focus on making revolutionizing changes to them.

Jeremy and Jason took a test to see how high their individualism and collectivism scores are. Jeremy's individualism score is 9 out of 18, and his collectivism score is 11 out of 18. Jason's individualism score is 12 out of 18, and his collectivism score is 8 out of 18. Which of the following statements is true?

Jason is likelier than Jeremy to create novel inventions.

Two friends from two collectivistic cultures, Jorge (Latin American) and Sayako (Japanese), are visiting club booths at school to decide what clubs to join. Based on research regarding preferences for emotions, which of the following scenarios is likeliest to happen?

Jorge will choose a choir club that features a lot of energetic and exciting music, and Sayako will choose a Buddhist reading club that features a lot of calming books.

Shawn displays something that can be characterized as being a ritualized display of excitement. What does this imply?

People from other cultures likely cannot recognize that he is excited.

Joon-ha, a Korean child, is trying to facially express that he is upset. Which of the following people would be best at identifying that Joon-ha is upset?

Person D, who is Korean

Which of the following is NOT one of Ekman's basic emotions?

Pride

An American student, Ronald, and his Chinese friend, Rui, are looking up at the clear blue sky, where just a few clouds are visible. Coincidentally, the clouds are all grouped into one cluster just above Ronald and Rui. The two start naming shapes that they see in the clouds. According to cultural differences in attentional style, which of the following is most likely to happen in this scenario?

Rui will give answers that are based more on the cluster of clouds than Ronald, who will base his answers more on a single cloud.

Which of the following is an example of someone defining emotions using the James-Lange theory of emotions?

Ryan thinks he feels excitement because his heart was racing after having held his breath for a minute while under water in the pool.

Kartika abides by the idea that people should have emotional "smoothness." This means that she

tries to not have strong displays of emotions

Leslie is going on a date and wants to maximize the likelihood of her date, Jessica, feeling happy about her. Leslie decides to take Jessica to watch a highly rated comedic film. Jessica feels very happy from the film, but attributes her happiness to Leslie. Which of the following explains Jessica's attribution of her happiness to Leslie?

two-factor theory of emotions

Based on the results from Schacter and Singer's experiment on the two-factor theory of emotion, under which of the following situations would Darryl feel the most excitement?

when he ingests some stimulant that he was told would make him feel less aroused

Which one does not belong: a human, a giraffe, and a car?

analytic thinker: car; holistic thinker: giraffe

People from cultures that do not have words for numbers beyond two or three

are able to discriminate between rough proportions, but not for precise numbers.

When it comes to analytic reasoning tasks, East Asians

choose family-resemblance responses if there is a conflict between rule and similarity-based judgments.

Contrasting the attributions made by Indians and Americans in research by Joan Miller reveals all of the following EXCEPT

cultural differences in attributions are evident in young children as well as in adults.

A classroom is full of European-Canadians and Chinese-Canadians, and they are all watching a movie that is intended to induce a lot of anger. According to research on cultural differences in anger responses, one would expect

differences in the rate at which their physiological responses will return to baseline.

Davina was walking on the street when she happened to glance into a flower store. Upon seeing a particular flower through the window, she noticed that her heart rate sped up. To her, an increased heart rate means that she is excited, so she concluded that she must be feeling excited right now. A two-factor theorist would _____________ with her conclusion because _____________.

disagree; emotions cannot be determined from interpreting psychological reactions

Yasmin is an executive at a company, and she wants to hire the most creative applicant for a new position. She decides to hire someone from an individualistic culture because she feels that individualists are more creative than collectivists. You _____________ with her statement because _____________.

disagree; individualists and collectivists are better at different types of creative thinking

Analytic thinking is argued to be associated with

dispositional attributions

With which of the following is a low context culture most closely associated?

explicit communication

Mandia met a friend called Martina in university. Martina's boyfriend likes to go to bars to drink, and makes Martina go to bars with him. Mandia knows that Martina's boyfriend makes her go to bars, but still thinks that Martina goes because she likes to go to bars. The term that best describes Mandia's thoughts is

fundamental attribution error.

Just for fun, Mary decided to tape the corners of her mouth so that she would appear to be smiling for the duration of that day. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, which of the following emotions is Mary most likely to experience as a result?

happiness

Jade, a European-Canadian real estate agent, and Jing, a Chinese real estate agent, are trying to figure out what to tell their clients about the market's outlook. Compared to Jade, Jing will

have predictions that are less linear given past patterns

People who are especially field dependent tend to be

holistic thinkers.

Brittany is arguing with Michael about his article in the school newspaper, in which Michael advocates raising student tuition. Michael claims that Brittany is committing the fundamental attribution error. This means that Brittany did which of the following?

ignored the fact that Michael was asked by the editor to write the article, and asserted that Michael wrote it only because he is personally pro tuition increase

Different languages from around the world

sometimes do not have emotion words that correspond with each of the basic emotions.

Recent fieldwork suggests that the Saami people (an indigenous people living in parts of northern Europe) have almost 100 words to describe various kinds of reindeer. English, on the other hand, has only a tiny fraction of words used to describe reindeer. According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, what cultural difference between English and Saami speakers would result from this disparity in reindeer-related vocabulary size?

Saami speakers are better able to categorize reindeer than English speakers.

Comparisons of Surinamese and Turkish immigrants to Holland with mainstream Dutch citizens of Holland reveal that

Surinamese and Turkish immigrants expressed more relational concerns than Dutch citizens.

According to the James-Lange theory of emotions, which of the following precedes an emotion in a scenario where Ed meets his boss for the first time?

the profuse perspiration that Ed experiences upon seeing his boss

Horatio and Gil are debating the legalization of marijuana. Horatio has a strong argument for legalization, while Gil has a weak argument against it. Zhang, a Chinese student, is watching the debate. Compared to how Zhang would perceive the arguments if he were to encounter just one argument, how will he perceive the arguments if they are both presented to him?

Zhang would become less convinced that Horatio's argument is true, but become more convinced that Gil's argument is true

The tendency for Indians to sometimes bite their tongues—an expression not recognized elsewhere—reflects

a ritualized display.

As an American exchange student in Japan, Michael is trying to understand the cultural differences that he is noticing. In particular, he finds that his new Japanese friend, Michiru, has very different emotional experiences than his European-American friends back home. Based on research regarding cultural differences in emotional experiences, which of the following is the likeliest difference for him to notice?

Michiru feels better than his European-American friends when he is experiencing respect.

Your roommate is from a high context culture. As a result, which of the following is most likely to be an exchange between the two of you?

You ask your roommate if you can use her hairdryer. She does not want you to, but she says, "I guess so," with a very subtle disapproving expression.

Two families are claiming to be the family of a lost mystery child. You are a judge who uses holistic reasoning, and must determine which family is the correct one. This is before the days of DNA analysis, so you must use family resemblance as your guide. Based on research about reasoning styles, what do you do to establish a familial relationship?

look at which family has approximately the same combination of features as the child

Research reveals that, in contrast to Westerners, the most desired kinds of emotional states among East Asians are

low arousal positive states.

The relation between money and happiness is that

money is positively related to happiness at very low levels of wealth but becomes less related in developed countries.

Mike is an Asian-Canadian who just got shoved in the mall by another person. Compared to a European-Canadian who experiences the same thing, Mike is

more likely to dampen his physiological response to this event.

An expression that is considered a ritualized display is best categorized as a(n)

nonuniversal