Curation test 1
Late 19th century archaeology:
"museum era" National Museum of Natural History American Museum of Natural History
New Deal Projects
- Large scale with a concentration on the southeast - very little preservation or care the the remains
the '30s into the '70s
- Public works and salvage archaeology (designed to quickly excavate and preserve archaeological record prior to its destruction)
WWI
- we see a resurgence in salvage archaeology
Museum Properties Management Act
-1955 -secretary of the interior, through the NPS, can preserve objects found in individual national parks and provide public access -NPS has authority to acquire collections through donations and purchase and to loan and exchange -deaccession by transfer, conveyance and destruction
National Historic Preservation Act
-1966 -led to the development of what is now known as CRM archaeology -brings a lot of collections into repositories -Expanded the National Register of historic places -est. the SHPO (state historic preservation offices) - section 106 & 110
National Environmental Policy Act
-1969 -autority for managing the impacts of all federal actions on the human environment -section 101 -considers the relationships between past cultures and their living descendants.
Archaeological and Historic Preservation Act
-1974 -fight to preserve archaeological resources during development -up to 1% of the cost of a federal project could be used for "recovery, protection, and preservation of any data deemed endangered."
Archaeological Resources Protection Act
-1979 -helped define and prioritize curation again -strengthened permitting procedures -acknowledges federal ownership of objects excavated from federal lands
36 CFR 79
-1990 -regulations for the curation of federally owned and associated collections
Reservoir Salvage Act of 1960
-Helped continue funding for the salvage of archaeological sites -required proper curation but lacked funding for long term care
Roosevelt's New Deal created:
-Works Progress Administration - Civil Works Administration - Tennessee Valley Authority
Historic Sites Act of 1935
-federal policy to preserve historic and prehistoric areas of national significance
Curation Crisis
-inadequate space -insufficient funding -lack of professionally trained personnel
Antiquities Act of 1906
-objects collected under the act were for "permanent preservation in public museums" -lacked standards or guidelines on how to perform these functions and who was responsible -protect sites from looting
the four D's
Disintegrate Disappear Disorganized Different parts are separated
antiquarian collections
made solely for the intrinsic value of the artifacts
archaeological collections
made to collect and preserve info that is useful for research and interpretative purposes
archaeological collections include:
objects/artifacts non cultural materials associated records digital data research results or interpretation
Early 20th century
public education and exhibition archaeology became better recognized as a profession
1950s-1970s
salvage archaeology/ supervised by university departments -field work was seen as more important than curation and long term management.
provenience
specific geographic or spatial location where an object was found