Cybersecurity

Which of the following statements refer to programs known as spiders, web crawlers, and bots?

"Good bots" have diverse functions and do not pose security risks. Internet robots are used for both legitimate and malicious purposes. Malicious bots create security risks by compromising a user's control of the computer.

Which of the following is an example of data in process?

A password that has been submitted for authentication A food order placed through Uber Eats A username that has been submitted for authentication

How does a rootkit pose a cybersecurity threat?

A range of malicious actions is possible because the invader has the same access as the computer's owner or user. Installed on a computer's operating system, a rootkit bypasses security functions.

To get to the bottom of the odd computer problems she was having, Priya listed these symptoms: files mysteriously disappearing, system configurations unexpectedly altered, and two icons showing up for applications she did not download. What malware could have been installed on Priya's computer? Multiple choice question.

A rootkit

What is the correct definition of a cybersecurity exploit?

A tool or technique for taking advantage of a cybersecurity vulnerability to break into a system and cause harm.

When employers deactivate former employees' username and passwords, they are using which tool that ensures confidentiality?

Access control Authentication

Remote employees of a corporation are required to log into their company's virtual private network (VPN) before accessing files on the corporation's shared drive where corporate data are unreadable to unauthorized users. This is an example of which of the following tools that ensure confidentiality? More than one answer may be correct.

Access control Authentication Encryption

According to the CIA triad, in which of the following examples is an organization ensuring data integrity?

Access to important data is limited so that only certain employees are able to modify that data. During an acquisition, logistics data are securely transferred to the acquiring company's servers.

From the following list, select all the examples of internal threats to cybersecurity.

An attack by an authorized user The leakage of sensitive information An accidental erasure of data

Which of the following statements explain why a computer virus is so named?

An invaded computer inadvertently plays host to the malware. Computer viruses have the ability to reproduce themselves within a system.

What do the three categories of the Detect (DE) function of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework include?

Analysis, observation, detection

Who are the prime targets of MitM attacks? More than one answer may be correct.

Anyone who logs in to shop online Software as a source (SaaS) businesses Anyone who uses online financial applications

Select all options that describe steps in cybersecurity risk analysis. Multiple select question.

Assign value to assets Estimate potential losses Estimate the likelihood of occurrence of threats

Which of the following is an example of data in transit?

At home, a person sends a photo taken on their smartphone to display on their smart TV. A person uses an app on their smartphone to check their bank balance.

Which of the elements of the CIA triad does serve in maintaining a properly functioning, error-free operating system?

Availability

Select all options that describe the goals of the Respond (RS) function of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework.

Be prepared to swiftly mitigate harm caused by a cybersecurity event Establish procedures that enable action in the event of a cybersecurity incident Be able to quickly analyze a detected cybersecurity issue

From the following list, select all options that describe the purposes of a cybersecurity risk analysis.

Calculate potential loss due to security threats Identify a company's assets Determine how to respond to a potential loss

Who does California's SB-327 for IoT Security aim to protect and who bears the responsibility?

California's SB-327 for IoT Security helps to protect consumers; the responsibility lies with makers of devices that connect with the Internet.

Select all options that describe the categories of the Recover (RC) function of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework.

Communication with all stakeholders Restoration of impaired systems Improvements to cybersecurity plans

Select all options that describe the goals of the National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework.

Create an atmosphere where organizations can effectively discuss cybersecurity risks internally and with those outside of the organization Help organizations develop appropriate policies and procedures to mitigate data breaches Give guidance to organizations who wish to understand potential security breaches

How does cybersecurity help preserve the integrity of data, information, and systems? More than one answer may be correct.

Cybersecurity threat mitigation includes measures to protect the consistency, accuracy, and dependability of these assets. Cybersecurity systems are designed to detect unauthorized or unanticipated changes to data that suggest a loss of integrity. Cybersecurity tools such as user-access controls, file permission, and version controls help prevent unauthorized changes.

______ are cybersecurity breaches that make a computer or online service unavailable to its users.

DDOS attacks

Which of the following are reasons why states are making cybersecurity measures a high priority?

Data and technology continue to be at risk from cyber threats. New technologies continue to advance at a rapid rate.

Which of the following is an example of a tool that could be used to ensure data integrity? More than one answer may be correct.

Data are regularly backed up. Data correction codes are used to ensure the data retrieved are the same as when it was stored.

Which of the following is considered a cybersecurity threat to data at rest?

Data will be viewed by unauthorized users. Data will be stolen.

Which of the following is an example of a task that might be completed during the planning stage of the plan-protect-respond cycle?

Determine what security flaws exist. Determine the degree of vulnerability that exists. Having an authorized user attempt to hack into the system to determine vulnerabilities.

Which of the following statements accurately describes spyware? More than one answer may be correct.

Downloading software or documents from unvetted sources is one way spyware can be installed. Spyware captures private information by monitoring how users interact online.

Your grandfather learns that his identity has been stolen, and you suspect that social engineering attacks are responsible. To help him protect his personal information, you tell him how to recognize the most common attacks. From the following list, select all the possible warning signs.

E-mails or web pages that ask him to provide personal information to enter a contest or receive a free offer. Strange e-mails from his friends, family members, or seemingly trustworthy organizations. E-mails or texts that ask him to click a given link for more information or a free download.

What is the goal of the protect stage in the plan-protect-respond cycle?

Ensure uninterrupted delivery of vital services. Limit the impact of a security breach.

Which of the following are areas covered by state-specific cybersecurity laws?

Ensuring state and local governments are protected from cybersecurity threats. Protecting elections from cyber threats. Addressing security needs of smart devices.

Which of the following is a best practice for ensuring that data are available?

Ensuring that the data server has an appropriate amount of bandwidth. Having standby equipment available to take over in a situation where the main system fails. Storing data on multiple hard drives.

Select all options that describe steps in cybersecurity risk analysis.

Estimate the likelihood of occurrence of threats Assign value to assets Estimate potential losses

Which of the following is an example of event that may occur during the respond stage of the plan-protect-respond cycle?

Executing the appropriate response plans Determining the impact of a security breach Communicating with all appropriate parties

Which of the following are assets that can be impacted by a cybersecurity threat? Select all the correct options.

Hardware Software Information

Which function of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework involves an organization gaining deeper understanding of cybersecurity management in the context of their business needs and resources?

Identify (ID) function

Why is preserving the integrity of data, information, and systems an important cybersecurity goal?

If the consistency, accuracy, or dependability of these assets has been compromised, they lose their usefulness and value.

Which of the following is prohibited by the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act?

Intentionally destroying a computer Cyber blackmail

A movie streaming company is offering an online deal on HD movies to new customers who live in a certain country. How can authentication help the company protect its assets and resources from fraudulent use of the deal? More than one answer may be correct.

It can verify that the customer lives in the correct country. It can verify that the customer is new to the company or service. It can grant the customer access to the appropriate movies.

Which of the following surveillance technologies relies on how data are entered into a system?

Keyloggers

Applying for credit or even a mortgage online is a straightforward process. After creating an account with a unique user name and password, a customer reads a privacy statement, reviews the security policy, and accepts the terms of use. Then they proceed to log in and fill out an application, answering detailed questions about household income, employment, and more. What cybersecurity risk is particularly relevant to this process? Multiple choice question.

Man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack

Select all options that describe standards set forth by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) for compliance by companies who handle individuals' data.

Notify citizens of data breaches Hire a data protection officer Make collected data anonymous

Where are data in transit found?

On a cellular network

Data at rest or storage can be found in which of the following places?

On an external hard drive In the cloud

Why is MitMo a growing security risk?

People use mobile devices in many of the same ways they use computers. Smartphones and other mobile devices are everywhere.

Which of the following is an example of an event that may occur during the protect stage of the plan-protect-respond cycle?

Perform routine maintenance on organizational resources. Require all employees to attend training that outlines the different types of security threats their organization faces. Determine levels of access control.

Which function of the National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework involves an organization analyzing cybersecurity risk and reducing potential damage to IT infrastructures?

Protect (PR) function

Which of these threats to cybersecurity can only come from an external source?

Ransomware

In which function of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework are an organization's cybersecurity plans corrected due to a cybersecurity event?

Recover (RC) function

In which function of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework does an organization's cybersecurity team take quick action to mitigate damage to systems?

Respond (RS) function

In what stage of the plan-protect-respond cycle is the cause of an incident investigated?

Responding stage

Which of the following browsing situations may reveal that adware is at work?

Shortly after you buy and download a writing enhancement program, you begin seeing ads for special keyboards, styluses, and other assistive technology. You have been looking for a new winter coat, and three out of five ads popping up on your browser currently show the type of coat you have been considering. In searching the term database management, the first item you see in the results list is an ad for a particular online database.

Select all options that describe the device features mandated by California's SB-327 for IoT Security.

Suitable for the type of data the device will contain and relay Constructed to protect the device and any data it stores Appropriate to the intended use of the device

What is the National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework?

The NIST Cybersecurity Framework is a voluntary guide that helps organizations understand and protect themselves against cybersecurity risks.

Accessing the communications of an organization without authorization was made a criminal violation by which federal cybersecurity law?

The Stored Communications Act

For a cybersecurity plan to succeed, which of the following must remain confidential? Select all correct answer options.

The organization's digital or computer systems The logins and passwords of authorized users Private or sensitive data and information

Members of a project team at a mid-size company are trained in online safety, and their network is protected by a firewall. But the worst-case scenario has happened: a competitor has obtained protected information, possibly directly from a member's computer. George, the firm's system manager, sees some evidence of a Trojan horse that was engineered to steal passwords. What first steps should he and his security team take to uncover the source? More than one answer may be correct.

The security team should examine everyone's activity log, looking for any downloaded files or programs. They should comb through e-mails with an eye to a message with a clickable link.

What do many social engineering attacks have in common?

They are conducted via e-mails that offer a reward in exchange for clicking a given link.

What is the overall goal of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)?

To ensure EU companies protect the privacy and personal data of EU citizens

What is the goal of the planning phase of the plan-protect-respond cycle?

Understand the steps needed to design effective information security architecture.

How are data in process different from data at rest or data in transit?

Unlike data in transit or storage, it can be found in a device's RAM or CPU.

From the following list, select all types of cybersecurity vulnerabilities.

Weaknesses or flaws in system security implementation Weaknesses or flaws in a system's security design Security weaknesses in an operating system or application software Weaknesses or flaws in system security control Weaknesses in system security procedures

Who performs probable maximum loss calculations?

a company's cybersecurity analysts

Suppose an organization's system is vulnerable to losing information because its automated backup of data is insufficient or substandard. This type of cybersecurity vulnerability is ______.

a weakness in application software

The purpose of spyware is to ______.

capture the user's account data, passwords, key strokes, and more

The essential function of malicious bots is to

control an individual computer by self-replicating and connecting to a central server

A Trojan horse achieves its purposes through ______.

deceptive access

Ransomware basically holds a target hostage because it

encrypts the victim's data

The main characteristics that define cybersecurity threats are ______.

events that can lead to IT asset loss, conditions that can lead to IT asset loss, and the consequences of such loss

The term "cybersecurity threat mitigation" refers to all of the policies, procedures, and tools used to ______.

guard against threats such as security incidents, data breaches, and unauthorized network access, and reduce any harm they cause

In cybersecurity, the probable maximum loss (PML) is used to______.

help determine spending needed to adequately secure an organization's IT infrastructure

The goal of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework Protect (PR) function is to ______.

help protect an organization's IT infrastructure from security breaches by offering guidelines on IT infrastructure protection

The need to keep sensitive data, information, and systems confidential ______.

is both a major goal and a requirement for cybersecurity

The cybersecurity risks known as Man-in-the-mobile (MitMo) are realized when ______.

malware infects smartphones and other mobile devices

A computer virus is______.

malware that, when executed, adversely affects performance or damages programs

Threat prevention

policies and procedures put in place by an organization to protect systems and data

threat cure

policies, tools, and strategies used to lessen the impact of active security threats

Adware specifically functions to ______.

present advertisements to users based on their browsing behaviors

Malware that encrypts the victims data files and then demands that a payment is made to the hacker is called

ransomware

threat identification

security tools and oversight designed to identify specific and active security threats

A keylogger can be accurately described as

technology that captures keyboard input on several types of devices to glean confidential information

The cybersecurity term "social engineering" is best defined as ______.

the act of manipulating or tricking people into sharing their confidential, personal information

A cybersecurity exploit is ______.

the means by which a hacker capitalizes on a cybersecurity vulnerability to gain access to and harm a system

In cybersecurity, the term "social engineering" refers to ______.

the unlawful manipulation of people in order to obtain and misuse their personal information

The Identify (ID) function of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework focuses on organizational______.

understanding of how to manage cybersecurity risks

Establishing authentication procedures is a common cybersecurity goal because ______.

verifying that prospective users are authorized to access resources is the first step in keeping unauthorized users out